Objective To optimize the extraction conditions for total flavonoids from Cibotium barometz by response surface meth-od(RSM). Methods According to the center combination of Box-Benhnken,using the RSM,the effects of ethanol concentration,the ratio of solid to liquid,the extraction time,and the extraction frequency were studied by central composite design. Results The opti-mal conditions of extraction were as follows:60％ethanol,the ratio of solid to liquid 1:40,refluxing and extracting twice,and 1.5 h for each time. Conclusion The actual extraction yield was 1.44％. The method of extraction has higher extraction efficiency than other methods and can provide a basis for the industrial production of the total flavonoids from S. barometz.

Objective:To investigate the effects of sodium selenite on the cell apoptosis of K562 cells and to elucidate its molecular mechanisms.Methods:K562 cells were treated with various concentrations of sodium selenite at different time points,and then MTT assay was employed to evaluate the effects of sodium selenite on the proliferative inhibition of K562 cells.MTT assay was employed to evaluate the effects of sodium selenite on the proliferative inhibition of K562 cells.Electronmicroscopy,and TUNEL were performed to confirm the apoptosis of K562 cells,RT-PCR was employed to analyze the mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax.Colorimetric method were used to measure the activities of caspase-3 of K562.Results:Sodium selenite could inhibit proliferation of K562 cells and induce them to undergo apoptosis.RT-PCR results showed that sodium selenite could decrease the mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 and increase the level of Bax of K562 cells which had been treated with sodium selenite for 48h significantly,and the activity of caspase-3 elevated remarkably too.Compared with the control group,the expression levels of Bcl-2,Bax and acivity of caspase-3 in 20?mol/L sodium selenite treatment group were markedly changed(P

No abstract available.
Restraint, Physical*

We studied arterial oxygen desaturation, using a pulse oximeter, in 132 patients undergoing diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to obtain predictive factors of the change. The baseline arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) level was 98.8+/- 1.2%. During the procedure, oxygen desaturation (SaO2>95%) was found in 90.2% of the patients, Mild oxygen desaturation (95>SaO2>90%) was found in 9.8% of the patients, and there was no severe oxygen desaturation(SaO2<90%). Age(P=0.52), gender(P =0.48), smoking(P =0.71), body mass index(P =0.32), and endoscopy time(P = 0.68) was not related to the degree of oxygen desaturation. These results suggest that oxygen desaturation, which may rarely induce serious cardiopulmonary events, is not frequently observed during non-sedated diagnostic upper endoscopy.
Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal* ; Humans ; Oxygen*

Retrospective studies of duodenal polyps have shown a prevalence of 0.3-4.6% in patients referred to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and histologic classification have been inconsistent. A prospective consecutive study was carried out in 3,871 patients referred to diagnostic endoscopy, Sixteen patients had polyps in the first part of duodenum, for a prevalence 0.41%(0.28-0.53%, 95% confidence interval). Fourteen polyps were either inflammatory(thirteen polyps) or ectopic gastric mucosa(one polyp). Two hyperplasitc polyps were founded. All polyps were benign and sessile, and most of polyps(75%) were solitary.
Classification ; Duodenum ; Endoscopy* ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Polyps* ; Prevalence* ; Prospective Studies

Objective To investigate the effect of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and sildenafil on the systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (SPAP),right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI),pulmonary arterial and heart structural of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) rat models.Methods The rat models of monocrotaline (MCT)-PAH were developed.Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned into the control group,the MCT group,the MMF (40 mg·kg-1·d-1) group,the sildenafil (20 mg·kg-1·d-1) group,and the MMF (40 mg·kg-1·d-1) + sildenafil (20 mg·kg-1·d-1) group.The SPAP and RVHI were measured,and the pulmonary arterial and heart structural changes were observed for all rats.Statistical analysis were performed by one-way ANOVA and rank-sum test.Results ① SPAP of the MMF group,the sildenafil group and the MMF + sildenafil group were (31±8),(37±8),(29±6) mmHg,while that of the MCT group was (53±7) mmHg,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01).The RVHIs in the MMF group,the sildenafil group and the MMF+sildenafil group were reduced [(0.365±0.038),(0.407±0.047),(0.325 ±0.459) respectively] when compared with the MCT group (0.543±0.080),the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01).The SPAP between the MMF+sildenafil group and the sildenafil group was statistically significantly different (P＜0.05),and the RVHI difference between the MMF+ sildenafil group and the sildenafil group was statistically significant (P＜0.05).② The wall thic-kness/tubes diameter of the MMF group (0.355±0.074) and the MMF+sildenafil group (0.289±0.017) were reduced when compared with that of the MCT group [(0.466±0.006)],the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The wall thickness/tubes diameter of the MMF group (0.355±0.074) were reduced compared with the sildenafil group (0.455±0.006),and the difference was statistically significant (P＜O.05).In addition,the wall thickness/tubes diameter of the MMF+ sildenafil group (0.289±0.017) was reduced when compared with that of the sildenafil group (0.455±0.006),and the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Both sildenafil and MMF can reduce the SPAP and RVHI of PAH rat models induced by MCT.MMF and sildenafil can reduce wall thickness as well.

The DNA damage response is a cornerstone of genomic stability.The cell utilizes mutiple mechanisms including damage detection,cell cycle regulation,damage repair and apoptosis to keep cell homeostasis.The DNA damage response include several biochemical pathways:first,the recognition and repair of damaged DNA;second,the activation of DNA damage checkpoint,which arrests cell cycle progression so as to provides time for DNA repair and prevention of the transmission of genomic abnormalities to the daughter cells;third,apoptosis,which eliminates serious damaged cells.The double strand break(DSB) is believed to be one of the most severe types of DNA damage,and errors in DSB repair could result in genomic instability that might lead to malignancy.It has been reported recently that constitutive activation of the ATM-Chk2-p53 pathway and phosphorylation of histone H2AX acts as an inducible anti-cancer barrier in the early stages of human tumorigenesis.This ATM-regulated DNA damage response network maintains genomic integrity and delays or prevents cancer by eliciting growth arrest or cell death.In context with a recent report,the ATM-dependent DNA-damage cellular signaling has also been shown to be involved in the integration of human immunodeficiency virus type-1(HIV-1) into host genomes,and KU55933,a specific ATM inhibitor,attenuated the infection of HIV-1 into host cells.The regulation and mechanisms of the signaling pathways of DSB response,and its role in HIV-1 infection and malignancy genesis were reviewed.

The scientific outputs are usually used as the main measure basis of the traditional performance evaluation of scientific research in military medical universities.In this research,we design the performance evaluation indexs of scientific research management based on the Balanced Scorecard from four levels including finance,customers,internal processes and learning and growth,which can provide a new perspective and theoretical basis for improving performance evaluation system of scientific research management in military medical universities.

This article discussed the ancient and modern meaning of security of intense drugs for pregnant woman. And emphatically studied the meaning of the ‘gu’, pointing out that ‘gu’had three connotations, one referred to disease, second mean the original disease, with the ‘new’disease relative, the third referred to reasons. In addition, the article expounded how can be safe for the pregnant woman to use drugs with extremely intense action. In this paper, its purpose was to examine how to achieve security under circumstance of sick and fi nally achieve balance and harmony.