Pyroptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death, which has a close relationship with infectious diseases and spontaneous inflammatory disease and autoimmune disease.Gasdermin-D is the effector of pyroptosis.Inflammatory caspases cleave Gasdermin-D, break the structural autoinhibition and active the pore-forming activity of Gasdermin-D.Gasdermin-D-N domain is the active form of Gasdermin-D.Oligomerized Gasdermin-D-N domain forms membrane pores.Both pyroptosis and necroptosis can form pores.In this article, the progress of the research on pyroptosis, the involvement of Gasdermin-D in the molecular mechanism of pyroptosis, the distinguishment of pyroptosis from necroptosis and pyroptosis-related diseases are reviewed.

To study the visual magnocellular deficit in alphabetic and Chinese developmental dyslex?ia from behavioral,neural mechanism and intervention studies,critical words in Chinese and English (de?velopmental dyslexia and magnocellular pathway or dorsal stream or contrast sensitivity or coherent mo?tion ) were searched in Chinese and English databases(CNKI,PubMed,ScienceDirect,etc.) from Septem?ber to December,2015. Forty?three relevant articles which aimed to investigate the visual magnocellular defi?cit in developmental dyslexia were selected among 75 articles according to the searching result and the objec?tive of the present study. The results showed that alphabetic studies consistently consistently manifested the magnocellular deficit in developmental dyslexia from the aspects of behavioral performance,neural activities and intervention effects. However,whether the deficit was the cause or the consequence of dyslexia remains controversial. In Chinese,most of studies on magnocellular deficit of developmental dyslexia were behavioral. There were few studies from aspects of neural mechanism and intervention. Alphabetic and Chinese studies consistently manifested magnocellular deficit in developmental dyslexia,suggesting the consistency across lan?guages. However,more comprehensive studies are required to further explore the causal relationship between magnocellular deficit and developmental dyslexia.

To study the relationship between HLA DRB1*07 and the susceptibility to HBV in the Han nationality in Guangdong Province. 100 chronic HBV carrier individuals, 21 HBV spontaneously cleared individuals and 70 HBV unexposed individuals all of Han nationality in Guangdong Province were entered in this study. The expression of HLA DRB1*07 alleles were detected by polymerase chain reaction sequence specific primer, and IFN ? and IL 4 levels in plasma of HBV chronic carrier individuals were measured by using ELISA kits. The results showed that the positive rate of HLA DRB1*07 in chronic HBV carriers was 30%, which was markedly higher than that in HBV spontaneously cleared individuals(4 76%) and HBV unexposed individuals (8 5%) as well ( P

Objective To investigate the risk factors of albuminuria in type 2 diabetes nephropathy patients. Methods 870 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the study. The patients were divided into normal buminuria group (n = 634) and persistent albuminuria group (n = 236) according to the 24h urinary albumin excretion. Diabetic chronic complication and related biochemical indicators were analyzed. Independent risk factors associated with diabetic nephropathy were analyzed. Results The differences in duration of diabetes, age, SBP, DBP, Hb, HbA1C, UA, TG, CHOL-C, HDL-C, diabetic retinopathy (DR), cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease were statistically significant between two groups (P < 0.01). Regression analysis showed that independent risk factors of albuminuria of DN included duration of diabetes, SBP, Hb, UA, TG and DR. Conclusions Such risk factors of duration of diabetes, SBP, UA, TG, Hb and DR may be associated with the occurrence and severity of albuminuria of DN.

Humans ; Mouth Diseases ; classification ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Mouth Mucosa ; pathology ; Oral Medicine ; standards ; Reference Standards

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Oils ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; chemically induced

Background How to harvest the purified corneal endothelial seed cells is very important for the corneal tissue engineering technology. Herein,to establish a good culture method and effective identification method of corneal endothelial cells ( CECs) is the key. Objective Present study wag to establish the cultivating and identifying approach of the rabbit CECs and detect the biological characteristics of passaged cells. Methods Rabbits CECs were isolated from Descemet's membrane peeled off completely in 30 New Zealand white rabbits and then digested with 0. 25% trypsin-0. 02% EDTA and primarily cultured in CECs medium containing 15% fetal bovine serum. The growth situate and cellular morphology of rabbit CECs were observed under the inverted phase-contrast microscope following the alizarin red staining. Rabbit CECs were identified by cellular morphology as well as in gene and protein level, including the detection of expressions of collagen type IV α2(COL4A2) ,vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( FLK1 ) , Na+-K+ ATPase alpha 1subunit ( ATP1 A1 ) , aquaporin 1( AQP1 ) , voltage-dependent anion channels ( VDACs) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ). The expression and distribution of neurone specific enolase ( NSE) , Na+-K+ ATPase, zonula occludens-1 ( ZO-1 ) were also detected by immunocytochemistry under the fluorescence microscope. The proliferation activity of the passage cells was dynamically observed by MTT assay,and Na+-K+ ATPase activity of different generations cells was detected by ATPase kit. Results Majority of the primarily cultured cells adhered in 24 hours, infused in 2-3 days with the hexagon shape in appearance. The morphology of the cells was very varied with passage. Alizarin red staining showed a well- defined and well-lined cellular morphology similar to the corneal cells in vivo. Target genes of C0L4A2, FLK1, ATPIAI ,AQPI and VDACs were positively expressed in the cells. However,the expression of CK12 was absent in the cells. NSE, Na+-K+ ATPase, ZO-1 positive cells were respectively observed under the laser confocal scanning microscopy. MTT results showed a gradually low growth curve with the passage. Quantitative results also revealed that the Na+-K+ ATPase activity was gradually declined in different generations of cells ( F = 77. 174, P = 0. 000 ). Conclusion The enzyme digestion is a better approach of isolating and culturing comeal endothelial cells. Cultured cells can be identified by cells staining, gene expression and protein level. Earlier generation of CECs are ideal seed cells for cornea tissue engineering.

Objective To investigate the possible association between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endostatin (ES) and type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Methods The level of serum VEGF and ES were measured by ELISA in eighty type 2 diabetic patients including thirty subjects without diabetic nephropathy , twenty with microalbuminuria and thirty with macroalbuminuria, and the correlation was analyzed. Results The level of serum VEGF and ES in patients with macroalbuminuria were both significantly higher than that of patients with and without microalbuminuria (P < 0.05). The level of serum VEGF and ES in patients with microalbuminuria were significantly higher than that of patients without diabetic nephropathy (P<0.05). Both VEGF and ES level were positively correlated with the level of microalbuminuria (mAlb) (r=0.226, P<0.01; r=0.491, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with the level of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r=-0.237, P<0.05;r=-0.620, P<0.01). There was a significantly positive correlation between VEGF and ES in patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria (r1=0.633, P1<0.01; r2=0.532, P2<0.05). However, there was no correlation between VEGF and ES in patients without diabetic nephropathy (r3=0.175, P3>0.05). Conclusion The levels of VEGF and ES in type 2 diabetic nephropathy had varying degree of increasing in different diabetic nephropathy stage , and closely related to mAlb and eGFR. Disequilibrium of VEGF and ES may speed up the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between the level of resistin and the insulin resistance(IR) and the incorporation of microamount albuminuria(MA) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsTwo hundred and twenty T2DM patients and 40 normal subjects (control group) were enrolled in this study.Two hundred and twenty T2DM patients were divided into 4 groups,IR group (group A,79 cases),non-IR group (group B,48 cases),IR complicating MA group (group C,51 cases),non-IR complicating MA group(group D,42 cases).The fasting serum resistin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA),and the fasting plasma glucose (FPG),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),fasting insulin (FINS) was also determined.ResultsThe level of fasting serum resistin in group A,B,C and D was higher than that in control group [(33.45 ± 1.37),(23.36 ± 1.47),(44.45 ± 1.39),(37.45 ±1.57) μ g/L vs.( 17.44 ± 1.26 ) μ g/L],and there was significant difference among 5 groups (P ＜ 0.01 ).The level of fasting serum resistin in group A was higher than that in group B (P ＜ 0.01 ),and the level of fasting serum resistin in group C was higher than that in group D (P ＜ 0.01 ).The level of fasting serum resistin was both higher in group C and D than that in goup A and B (P＜ 0.01 ).Correlation analysis showed the fasting serum resistin was positively correlated with body mass index(BMI),FPG,HbA1c and FINS in group A(r =0.35,0.46,0.37,0.49,P ＜0.05),and the fasting serum resistin was positively correlated with HbA1c,BMI,systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in group C(r =0.45,0.32,0.37,0.29,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsSerum resistin may participate in the process of IR and the formation of MA.It may become one of the diagnostic standard of the IR and one of the important index to estimate the MA.

Objective To explore the effects of beraprost sodium (BPS) on angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ)-induced podocyte apoptosis and the relationship between BPS and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor δ(PPARδ). Methods Differentiated mouse podocytes were exposed to AngⅡ, further treated with BPS (or GSK0660) for 24 h. Podocyte apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and AnnexinV-FITC staining. Bax , Bcl-2 and PPARδ mRNA were assessed by RT-PCR. Results AngⅡ promoted podocyte apoptosis and Bax mRNA expression significantly, down-regulated Bcl-2 and inhibited PPARδ mRNA (P < 0.05). Conversely, treatment with BPS reduced AngⅡ-induced podocyte apoptosis and Bax mRNA expression and promoted Bcl-s expression significantly resulting in an increase of PPARδ mRNA expression (P < 0.05). With the inhibition of PPARδ, podocyte apoptosis and Bax mRNA expression increased while Bcl-2 mRNA expression reduced. Conclusion BPS can effectively reduce AngⅡ-induced podocyte apoptosis , which is associated with the activation of PPARδand regulation of Bcl-2/Bax mRNA expression.