Objectives To explore the effects of control measures and dynamic prevalence of drinking water endemic fluorosis in China, to provide basis and technique support for endemic fluorosis control in China. Methods The survey was carried out according to the national surveillance Scheme of Endemic Fuorosis. The fulfillment of control measures and the quality of water improving projects were surveyed. Household water sample and urine of children aged 8-12 years were collected and fluoride content was detected by iron selective electrode method. Check the teeth of children aged 8-12 years. Dental fluorosis was diagnosed by Dean's method. Results projects were build in 84 endemic villages in 2006, and the average water improving rate came to 73.98% fluoride contents of half the surveyed spots were over the standard, mainly between 1.0-2.0 mg/L, and the urine controlled just in only few spots and it was in moderate or severe status in some endemic areas for many years. Conclusions Little progress of control measures in drinking water endemic fluorosis counties surveyed has been made in these two years. Projects of running out of status and over standard of water fluorosis are frequently seen. Dental fluorosis in many spots is not controlled.

AIM: To investigate the clinical effect of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens ( IOL ) implantation for cataract patients after corneal refractive surgery, and to compare the accuracy of the different refractive IOL.
METHODS:The data of 120 myopia cases (160 eyes) in our hospital, who underwent cataract surgery and corneal refractive surgery were analyzed. Corneal curvature K value before corneal refractive surgery were obtained and calculated by using history method. Corneal curvature correction numerical method and corneal topography were used to record K value of patients with incomplete data before and after treatment. The K value was substituted into the formula. By comparing the actual cataract surgery and refractive state expected refractive status (-0. 50D), the accuracy of IOL refractive obtained from three methods was compared.
RESULTS: The average best corrected visual acuity before cataract surgery was 0. 25 ± 0. 05, and it was improved ( 0. 80 ± 0. 05 ) after surgery. The average spherical equivalent (SE) was -1. 98±1. 75 before surgery and +0.85±3.38 after surgery (P<0.05). The K values of 48 cases were calculated by clinical history method ( CHM ) and that of 73 cases was calculated with the adjusted keratometry method ( AKM) . The K values of 39 cases were calculated using the corneal topography method ( CTM) .
CONCLUSION: For patients with corneal refractive surgery, the appropriate method can be selected according to clinical symptoms, history, etc. and this may help to accurately calculate IOL. For patients with complete data, CHM can be used to provide corneal K values, while for those with incomplete data, AKM and CHM can be used.

Objective:To study the relationships between age,the state of genital tract and vaginitis,cervical erosion and vulvae leukoplakia in married women.Methods:Gynecologic inspection and laboratory examination were performed in 1 253 patients diagnosed vaginitis,cervicitis and vulvae leukoplakia in a women screen in a certain area in Chongqing in 2007.Statistics analysis was made by SAS8.1.Results:Of 1 253 patiens,45.89% had vaginitis,44.69%,cervical erosion,and 3.35%,vulvae leukoplakia,6.07%,the other conditions.Age,vaginal cleanness degree,candida infection were risk factors of vaginitis;Age,vaginal cleanness degree were related to cervical erosion and vulvae leukoplakia.Conclusion:Vaginitis,cervical erosion and vulvae leukoplakia should arouse more attention in the prevention and treatment of women genital tract disease in the future,and the standard etiology treatment should be performed to get microcosmic ecological balance.The perfect control and monitoring system for gynecologic disease should be established,and service quality of women health care should be improved.

Medical metrology work is the base of quality control for hospital medical equipment.It guarantees the accuracy of hospital medical instruments.It is important to set up a complete management system for hospital metrology institutions.

Payment system reforms have become an important part of Chinese healthcare reforms, and global budget has been seen as a major trend. Based on the practice and data of four pilot hospitals in Beijing which have implemented the global budget, this paper focuses on analyzing the effects of implementation on the following aspects and provides references for policy improvements: medical services, average medical cost, total health expenditure, medical cost structure, average length of stay and out-of-pocket expense percentages.

Objective To realize fully automatic X-ray exposure controlling,simplify operating processes,and improve the quality of images.Methods We designed 5 or 7 X-ray detectors with silicon batteries,improved film-holding board of the main engine of the X-ray machine,then assembled them by mechanical gearing,and thus made multi-measured-limit,automatically-changed X-ray detectors.Results When choosing film boxes according to the radiographed positions,the detectors will change automatically into measured-limits coinciding with the interested positions.The average density was around 1Ⅴ in 9 randomly selected photographs.High quality was achieved in up to 98% of 10 000 radiographed images for clinic radiography.Conclusion The key of X-ray automatic exposure controlling technology is X-ray detecting technology,by which the quality of image can be improved.

In order to investigate the relationship between the VEGF level and the counts of dendritic cells (DCs) in peripheral blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), the peripheral blood was obtained from 37 patients with HCC who treated by TACE. The blood was obtained on the day before TACE, the first day, the 7th day and the 15th day after TACE respectively. The counts of DCs were quantified by flow cytometry. The plasma VEGF level was measured by ELESA kit. It was shown after TACE, the counts of DCs in peripheral blood were decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the VEGF level in peripheral blood was increased significantly (P<0.05). The counts of DCs in peripheral blood had an inverse correlation with the plasma VEGF level (r=-0.57, P<0.05) after TACE. It was concluded that in patients with HCC after TACE, the increased plasma VEGF level appeared to have the effect to suppress the maturation of DCs, which may contribute to reduction of the body's anti-tumor immunity effect, with a consequence of recur and metastasis of tumor.

Objective To explore the causes of misdiagnose of ectopic pregnancy by retrospective analysis in our hospital cases,in order to increase the diagnose and curative level in ectopic pregnancy.Methods Clinical data of the misdiagnosis of 96 cases from the 357 patients of ectopic pregnancy in our hospital from year 1993 to 2002,including materials of histories ,symptoms signs and laboratory examinations were retrospectively analyzed.Results The misdiagnosis rate of ectopic pregnancy in our hospital was 26 9%, most of them were treated as early pregnancies, threatened abortions etc. The causes of misdiagnosis were neglectful of asking essential history, no overall physical examination and misleading by the laboratory results.Conclusions The effectively preventive measures against misdiagnosing of ectopic pregnancy were strengthen vigilance of ectopic pregnancy,familiar with the knowledge of atypical ectopic pregnancy and the essential examinations on gravida.

The vaseularization of tissue-engineered bone is the key problem which the development and employment of large sized tissue-engineered bone.The vascular endothelial cell has a great effect on promoting vascularization in tissue-engineered bone.Vascularizations fall into two modes of vaseulogenesis and angiogenesis according to differences in source of endothelial cells.Co-culture of osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells has better result than single culture of each kind of cells.Different ways of improving the vascularization,such as searching for new source of vascular endothelial cell,co-culture and in vivo experiment are investigated to meet the challenge of bone tissue engineering.

Objective To investigate the effects of pravastatin on the serum lipids, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and the expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 in apoE-/- mouse. Methods The atherosclerosis model of apoE-/- mouse was induced by high cholesterol diet;and the suspension of pravastatin was administered intragastrieally. After 8 weeks, the levels of serum TNFα and mRNA of aortic TNFα were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. The expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 were tested by Western blot analysis and aortic histomorphology changes was observed by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) stainning. Results In atherosclerosis model of apoE-/- mouse, the serum lipids, the levels of serum and aortic TNFα[(34.8±22.7) μg/L and (180.1±59.1 )μg/L], the expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 and aortic histomorphology were obviously improved by pravastatin. Conclusions It is suggested that the pravastatin can reduce serum lipid, intervene the initiation step of atherosclerosis and regulate endothelial cells' apoptosis.