The serum autoantibodies,urine routine test and peripheral blood cellswere analyzed in 70 patients with primary sjogren syndrome(SS)and 91 pa-tients with secondary SS(30 associated with systemic lupus crythematosisand 61 with rheumatoid arthritis). The significant findings in primary SS were the high positive rate ofanti-SSA(76.9%)and anti-SSB(53.8%)antibodies and also the defect in urineacidification.Therefore about 40% of the primary SS manifestated as clincalor subclinical renal tubular acidosis.Anemia,leukopenla,thrombocytopeniawere found in 20.9%,20.9%,50% respectively,ANA was found in 43.5%in the primary SS but 93.3% in SS associated with SLE. The positivity of anti-DNA antibody in primary SS was much lowerthan that of SS with SLE. The positivity of RF in primary SS(60.7%)was also significantly lowerthan that of SS wtih RA (88.3%).Although proteinuria is a rather com-mon finding in SS with SLE,it is not commonly seen in primary SS or SSwith RA.SS was considered as a heterogenesis group of patients.The dif-ferences shown by the conventional laboratory findings mentioned aboveconfirmed the concept that the primary SS is a distint systemic entitywhile the sicca syndrome in secondary SS is only one of the systemicmanifetsations of the associated rheumatic disease.

Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; Humans

Humans ; Standard of Care ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy

With the development of hardware and software in engineering,the medical robotic techniques makes up for the shortage of conventional laparoscopy,and has good prospect in the field of surgery.In this paper,the application of medical robotic techniques in digestive surgery was focused.Extraneous medical robotic system and intrinsic miniature medical robot are 2 main categories.Most digestive operations,such as cholecystectomy,pancreaticoduodenectomy,lobectomy,antireflux surgery could be carried out by the extraneous medical robotic system,and the intrinsic miniature medical robot is still under research.Benefiting from the cooperation of the surgeons and the engineers,it is certain that the medical robotic techniques could play a more important role in digestive surgery.

Policy circumstance plays a pivotal role in transformation of barefoot doctor to village doctor.The resources support fromregime and economic organizationmanagement system, the workpoint system for income from collective economy and politics culture of serving people under the policy circumstances of the People′s Com-mune, lay a firm foundation for rise and development of barefoot doctors.However, the village self-governance re-gime began with Household Contract Responsibility System changed all elements above and ultimately prompt trans-formation from barefoot doctor to village doctor.

Objective To review the characteristics,mechanism,the brain structural and functional changes of cognitive impairment induced by sleep-disordered breathing in children.Methods The retrieve time was from 2002 to 2014 and the retrieve databases were the US.national library of medicine and Weipu Chinese journal databases.Search word included sleep disorders breathing, cognitive, sleep apnea syndrome, neurobehavioralmanifestations,image,sleep deprivation.Results 52 English literature and 1 Chinese literature were accepted.Most literatures were clinical trial, comparative study, multicenter study, randomized controlled trial, controlled clinical trial.Conclusion The study in the cognitive impairment and characteristics change of the brain function and structure in children with SDB is not enough.Most cognitive assessments are completed by scale.How to diagnosis early,more objectively assess cognitive, study molecular mechanisms, study function change and positioning of brain function need more research in clinical.

Treatment of macular hole associated retinal detachment in high myopia has progressively evolved over the years,including the scleral buckling,simple intravitreal gas injection,pars plana vitrectomy (PPV),PPV combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling or transplantation and so on.Simple vitreous gas injection is less traumatic and good for the patients with small holes and localized retinal detachment.PPV combined with ILM peeling can achieve better treatment effects for small holes with wide retinal detachment.But for large holes with wide retinal detachment,PPV combined with ILM transplantation is necessary to improve the macular holes closure rate.If the ILM has been peeled before,the lens capsule could be a nice substitute for ILM.The scleral surgery can solve the problem of posterior scleral staphyloma and effectively control the elongation of the axial length.However,there is still no one surgery could deal with all the problems of high myopia,we should consider all the circumstances like the size of the macular hole and the range of the retinal detachment to choose the best individualized therapy.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for small interfering ribonucleic acid (SiRNA) R&D and registration in China. METHODS:The situation of SiRNA R&D at home and abroad were introduced,and problems encountered in the evaluation and approval process were summed up to put forward suggestions. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:SiRNA has developed slowly in Chi-na,with a gap of 5-10 years at least compared with foreign developed countries. The registration category of SiRNA is not clear;applicants lack of guidance documents;production workshop which meet requirement is in shortage;the efficiency of drug registra-tion allows of no optimism. It is recommended that pharmaceutical registration departments carry out the pilot reform for SiRNA registration,publish SiRNA registration guide,relax regulations for IND gradually,encourage applicants to participate in the inter-national multicenter clinical trials in order to improve the efficiency of SiRNA evaluation and approval efficiency.

China ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; prevention & control ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy among acupuncture based on "jin" theory, regular acupuncture and western medication.

METHODSA total of 95 cases, by using incomplete randomization method, were divided into a "jin" theory acupuncture group (32 cases), a regular acupuncture group (31 cases) and a medication group (32 cases). Patients in the "jin" theory acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture based on "jin" theory which included the "gather" and "knot" points on the affected side: positive reacted points, Fengchi (GB 20), Tianrong (SI 17), Tianyou (TE16) and Yiming (EX-HN14) as the main acupoints, while the Ermen (TE 21), Tinggong (SI 19) and Tinghui (GB 2) and zhigou (TE 6) as the auxiliary acpoints; the treatment was given once a day. Patients in the regular acupuncture group were treated with regular acupuncture at Tinggong (SI 19), Tin- ghui (GB 2) and Ermen (TE 21) and other matched acupoints based on syndrome differentiation, once a day. Pa- tients in the medication group were treated with oral administration of betahistine mesylate, three times a day. Ten days of treatment were taken as one session in three groups, and totally 2 sessions were given. Visual analogue scale (VAS), tinnitus handicap inventory (THD), and tinnitus severity assessment scale (TSIS) were evaluated before and after treatment; also the clinical efficacy was compared among three groups.

RESULTSThere are 5 drop-out cases du- ring the study. After the treatment, the VAS, THI and TSIS were improved in three groups (all P < 0.05); the VAS, THI and TSIS in the "jin" theory acupuncture group were lower than those in the regular acupuncture group and medication group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The total effective rate was 90.0% (27/30), 80.0% (24/30) and 63.3% (19/30), which was higher in the "jin" theory acupuncture group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe acupuncture based on "jin" theory is superior to regular acupuncture and western medication for cervical tinnitus.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck Pain ; complications ; Tinnitus ; etiology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome