The serum autoantibodies,urine routine test and peripheral blood cellswere analyzed in 70 patients with primary sjogren syndrome(SS)and 91 pa-tients with secondary SS(30 associated with systemic lupus crythematosisand 61 with rheumatoid arthritis). The significant findings in primary SS were the high positive rate ofanti-SSA(76.9%)and anti-SSB(53.8%)antibodies and also the defect in urineacidification.Therefore about 40% of the primary SS manifestated as clincalor subclinical renal tubular acidosis.Anemia,leukopenla,thrombocytopeniawere found in 20.9%,20.9%,50% respectively,ANA was found in 43.5%in the primary SS but 93.3% in SS associated with SLE. The positivity of anti-DNA antibody in primary SS was much lowerthan that of SS with SLE. The positivity of RF in primary SS(60.7%)was also significantly lowerthan that of SS wtih RA (88.3%).Although proteinuria is a rather com-mon finding in SS with SLE,it is not commonly seen in primary SS or SSwith RA.SS was considered as a heterogenesis group of patients.The dif-ferences shown by the conventional laboratory findings mentioned aboveconfirmed the concept that the primary SS is a distint systemic entitywhile the sicca syndrome in secondary SS is only one of the systemicmanifetsations of the associated rheumatic disease.

Image segmentation is a key step of image processing,and it is a hard work too. The experts of this field have tried to find a suitable algorithm for image segmentation for a long term,however,there is not a algorithm is generally accepted till now. J. Holland created genetic algorithm(abbreviation :GA) in 1973. This algorithm has been used in many fields successfully ,and has been introduced to image segmentation field by exports. The principles of image segmentation and algorithm are stated in this article. The author mainly expounded the application of GA in medical image segmentation field in recently years.

Policy circumstance plays a pivotal role in transformation of barefoot doctor to village doctor.The resources support fromregime and economic organizationmanagement system, the workpoint system for income from collective economy and politics culture of serving people under the policy circumstances of the People′s Com-mune, lay a firm foundation for rise and development of barefoot doctors.However, the village self-governance re-gime began with Household Contract Responsibility System changed all elements above and ultimately prompt trans-formation from barefoot doctor to village doctor.

Objective To review the characteristics,mechanism,the brain structural and functional changes of cognitive impairment induced by sleep-disordered breathing in children.Methods The retrieve time was from 2002 to 2014 and the retrieve databases were the US.national library of medicine and Weipu Chinese journal databases.Search word included sleep disorders breathing, cognitive, sleep apnea syndrome, neurobehavioralmanifestations,image,sleep deprivation.Results 52 English literature and 1 Chinese literature were accepted.Most literatures were clinical trial, comparative study, multicenter study, randomized controlled trial, controlled clinical trial.Conclusion The study in the cognitive impairment and characteristics change of the brain function and structure in children with SDB is not enough.Most cognitive assessments are completed by scale.How to diagnosis early,more objectively assess cognitive, study molecular mechanisms, study function change and positioning of brain function need more research in clinical.

Objective To investigate to the role of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides (ASP) against hepatic encephalopathy and explore the probable mechanism. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were established into carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver cirrhosis,then treated with distilled water (negative control),lactulose (positive control),ASP solution (10,20 and 40 g/L respectively,intragastrically at dose of 10 ml.kg-1.d-1) for 14 days. On 15th day,all the survival rats were intraperitoneally injected with endotoxin (3 mg/kg) once,then in the following 12 h,the rats that fall into coma were counted and the time period of coma was recorded. The blood plasma concentrations of ammonia,serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were determined. The apoptotic cerebral cells were dyed in situ by TUNEL. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in astrocytes was determined by immunohistochemical method. Then we counted the apoptotic cerebral cells and GFAP positive cells under light microscope. Results The survival rats in distilled water group were highest in the concentrations of ammonia,GPT and GOT,the amount of apoptotic cerebral cells,and coma rate than the rats in other groups. The rats in 40 g/L ASP group had the higher ammonia level,GOT concentration,coma rate than those in lactulose group. The rats in 3 ASP groups all had less apoptotic cerebral cells than those in lactulose group. As to GFAP,distilled water group had the lowest immunological activity,and the GFAP immunological positive cells of 3 ASP groups were all more than those in lactulose group. Conclusion ASP,even more effective than lactulose,can protect rat brain function and delay the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy,whose effects may be related to the decrease of blood ammonia,the amelioration of liver function as well as the protection of astrocyte function and neuronic activity.

Objective To explore a new bio-dynamic differential equation to establish gene regulatory network based on the time-space of gene expression.Methods According to bio-dynamic competitive model and differential equation,a new time-space Lotka-Volterra differential equation was established and was applied to time-order expression data.Results The model was applied to set up the regulation network of yeast genes.The regulatory relation was found and compared with the experiment results.Conclusion The results from the new model were almost consistent with the real situation.So this model can remedy the shortage of other models.It's a new valuable differential equation model.

Objective To study the clinical features,treatment and prognosis of secondary amyloidosis.Methods All the inpatients diagnosed as secondary amyloidosis were analyzed retrospectively.Results Eight patients were diagnosed as secondary amyloidosis.Their underlying diseases were connective tissue diseases (4 cases) multiple myeloma (3 cases) and chronic hepatitis B (1 case).Average duration from the diagnosis of connective tissue diseases to secondary amyloidosis was 6 2 years.Kidney was the main involved organ with the manifestation of proteinuria (4 cases) and renal failure occurred in 1 case.Their average life span was longer than 10 years after immunosuppressive agents and/or steroid therapy.Secondary amyloidosis occurred after multiple myeloma showed a bad prognosis.Tongue and myocardium were mainly involved.Enlargement of liver and spleen is the prominent manifestation in the patients with amyloidosis secondary to chronic hepatitis.Conclusion Amyloidosis can be evolved from connective tissue diseases,multiple myeloma or chronic inflammatory diseases.There are differences in clinical manifestations and prognosis.The only treatment of secondary amyloidosis is the early management to its underlying disease.

Children with hepatitis C virus RNA positive were considered to start antiviral treatment.Alpha interferon or pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in children achieved satisfactory sustain virology response.Although there were many adverse events,some can be relieved by communicating with the guardian,bringing care to the patient and giving treatment.Clinical trials in children with hepatitis C by the direct-acting antiviral agents were in progress,safety and efficacy have no differences with the adult.There were still lots of work to do in view of the particularity of children.

China ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; prevention & control ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy among acupuncture based on "jin" theory, regular acupuncture and western medication.

METHODSA total of 95 cases, by using incomplete randomization method, were divided into a "jin" theory acupuncture group (32 cases), a regular acupuncture group (31 cases) and a medication group (32 cases). Patients in the "jin" theory acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture based on "jin" theory which included the "gather" and "knot" points on the affected side: positive reacted points, Fengchi (GB 20), Tianrong (SI 17), Tianyou (TE16) and Yiming (EX-HN14) as the main acupoints, while the Ermen (TE 21), Tinggong (SI 19) and Tinghui (GB 2) and zhigou (TE 6) as the auxiliary acpoints; the treatment was given once a day. Patients in the regular acupuncture group were treated with regular acupuncture at Tinggong (SI 19), Tin- ghui (GB 2) and Ermen (TE 21) and other matched acupoints based on syndrome differentiation, once a day. Pa- tients in the medication group were treated with oral administration of betahistine mesylate, three times a day. Ten days of treatment were taken as one session in three groups, and totally 2 sessions were given. Visual analogue scale (VAS), tinnitus handicap inventory (THD), and tinnitus severity assessment scale (TSIS) were evaluated before and after treatment; also the clinical efficacy was compared among three groups.

RESULTSThere are 5 drop-out cases du- ring the study. After the treatment, the VAS, THI and TSIS were improved in three groups (all P < 0.05); the VAS, THI and TSIS in the "jin" theory acupuncture group were lower than those in the regular acupuncture group and medication group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The total effective rate was 90.0% (27/30), 80.0% (24/30) and 63.3% (19/30), which was higher in the "jin" theory acupuncture group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe acupuncture based on "jin" theory is superior to regular acupuncture and western medication for cervical tinnitus.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck Pain ; complications ; Tinnitus ; etiology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome