The nature of renal tubular cell injury in ischemic acute renal failure includes not only cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) but also sublethal injury causing cell dysfunction. The role of intracellu- lar calcium, calcium - dependent enzymes calpain, nitric oxide, phospholipase A2, loss of tubule cell polarity and tubular obstruction in the pathophysiology of the renal tubular cell injury during hypoxia/ischemia is described. The effects of vascular factors, infiltrating activited leukocytes, apoptosis and growth factors on renal tubular cell injury are discussed. Potential mechanisms that tubular injury leads to a profound fall in glomerular filtration rate are proposed.

Animals ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Chickens ; Drosophila ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Mice ; Nervous System Diseases ; chemically induced ; enzymology ; physiopathology ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Phosphorylation

Objective To investigate the impact of alterations within the space of Disse micro- environment on the migration of hepatic stellate cells(HSC) during the process of liver fibrosis,and to ex plore the novel mechanism of liver fibrosis from the view of cell migration.Methods A modified in vitro Boyden chamber system to partially mimic in vivo microenvironment of Disse space of normal and liver fibrosis was employed.The effects of fibrogenetic growth factors on the migration of HSC in liver fibrosis were observed via cell migration and cell proliferation experiments.Results Enhanced platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)-BB,transforming growth factor(TGF)-?1 and/or epithelial growth factor(EGF) in liver fibrosis resulted in an increase in migratory capacity of activated HSC.The enhanced migration of HSCs induced by PDGF-BB was partially associated with their increased proliferation,while,TGF-?1 or EGF-induced migration was proliferation independent.The elevation of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)during liver fibrosis had no effect on the migration of HSCs.Conclusions The study provides valuable insights into the role of space of Disse microenvironment in regulating HSC migratory behavior.TGF-?1,PDGF-BB and EGF,which increased in liver fibrosis, could induce the migration of activated HSC.However,bFGF or VEGF has no such kind of effect,al- though they also increased during liver fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of chronic stress on the expression of uncoupling protein 4 (UCP4) and Bcl-2 protein in hippocampal neurons of rat depression model.Methods Rat depression models were established by chronic unpredicted mild stress.All rats were randomly assigned to 2 groups:control group and model group.Flow cytometry was applied to detect the apoptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential.The level of LDH was measured by enzymes labelling instrument.The number of neurons was measured by immunohistochemistry.The expression of UCP4 and Bcl-2 protein was measured by Western blotting.Results After chronic stress,the apoptosis rate((4.35±0.19) ％)and LDH activity ((445.50±91.70) U/mg) in hippocampal tissue in the model group was significantly higher than the control group((0.34±0.06) ％,(167.20±63.40)U/mg).Compared to control group,the number of hippocampal neurons ((72.50±4.25) vs (45.30±2.54)) and the mitochon drial membrane potential decreased in the model group.The expressions of UCP4 and Bcl-2 protein in hippocampal tissue were significantly lower than the control group.Conclusion Chronic unpredicted mild stress can lead to apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons,which is related with decline of mitochondrial membrane potential and low expression of UCP4 and Bcl-2 protein.

Andrology and gynecology have a similar or the same theoretical basis in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Andrology has a history of less than 3 decades in China, while TCM gynecology has developed for over a thousand years. The development of andrology could be greatly promoted with the guidance of the theories and prescriptions of gynecology.
Andrology ; China ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy

The strain Streptomyces sp.,nominated IMB-14,was isolated from the soil sample of WuDang Mountain by the method of cellulose ester membrane filter.The studies on antibiotic activities,morphological characteristics,cultural characteristics,physiological characteristics,16S rDNA sequence analysis and the metabolite of strain IMB-14 showed that the strain IMB-14 was accordance with Streptomyces xanthoci-dicus.The study on the isolation and identification of strain Streptomyces xanthocidicus establishes a foundation on screening of novel antibacterial and antitumor agents.

Objective To analyze the relationship between life style and chronic diseases.Method 2 886 people were selected randomly from three districts of Tianjin and surveyed with a questionnaire on their healthy condition and physical examination.2 622 people were taken a diet survey by 3-days foods intakes weighing and 24-hours diet recall,then the relative risk factors between life style and coronary heart disease,cerebrovascular disease,diabetes,hypertension,overweight and obesity were analyzed.Result The standardized prevalence rates of coronary heart disease,cerebrevascular disease,diabetes,hypertension, overweight and obesity of residents were 9.24%,4.33%,6.74%,34.05%,and 42.62%,respectively.The more the intake of energy, the more the risk for people to suffer from overweight and obesity,OR value being 1.00-1.70.With intake of more than 20 g dietary fiber per day,the risk for suffering from overweight and obesity could be reduced,OR value being 0.68.Logistic analysis showed that heavy salty taste could increase the risk for suffering from hypertension by 42%.Watching TV more than 3 hours per day increased the risk for suffering from cerebrovascular disease and diabetes,OR value being 1.802 and 1.703 respectively.Sleep less than 7 hours per day was a dangerous factor for hypertension,coronary heart disease and cerebrovasular disease,OR value being 1.517, 1.833 and 2.041 respectively.Conclusion The life style such as dietary pattern,sedentary occupation and sleep hours have strong connection with chronic diseases,such as hypertension,diabetes etc.Reasonable diet,suitable exercises,reducing sedentary position and increasing sleep hours will be good for health,and also for the prevention and control of chronic diseases.

The potential impacts of future climate changes on human health are having been widely paid more attention to.The direct and indirect potential impacts of future possible changes of climate on human health were reviewed in this paper.The methods for assessing the impacts of climate changes on human health were introduced also

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is characterized by serous detachment of the sensory retina as a consequence of the focal leakage of fluid from the choriocapillaries to subretinal space through a defect of the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE). The exact cause of CSC is not well unknown. Psychological stress is thought to contribute to CSC, but the physiologic mechanisms are unclear. It is hypothesized that psychological stress can induce CSC through the mechanism of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system. Psychological stress can adversely affect HPA axis and causes glucocorticoid levels to elevate. Increased glucocorticoids constrict choroid vessels, which leads to ischemia of choroids and damage vascular endothelial cells, thus causing vasopermeability to increase. RPE dysfunction will occur as a result of abnormalities in the choroidal circulation. The large molecules including protein may enter the subretinal space through the damaged vessels and RPE.