The nature of renal tubular cell injury in ischemic acute renal failure includes not only cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) but also sublethal injury causing cell dysfunction. The role of intracellu- lar calcium, calcium - dependent enzymes calpain, nitric oxide, phospholipase A2, loss of tubule cell polarity and tubular obstruction in the pathophysiology of the renal tubular cell injury during hypoxia/ischemia is described. The effects of vascular factors, infiltrating activited leukocytes, apoptosis and growth factors on renal tubular cell injury are discussed. Potential mechanisms that tubular injury leads to a profound fall in glomerular filtration rate are proposed.

Animals ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Chickens ; Drosophila ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Mice ; Nervous System Diseases ; chemically induced ; enzymology ; physiopathology ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Phosphorylation

Objective To investigate the effect of chronic stress on the expression of uncoupling protein 4 (UCP4) and Bcl-2 protein in hippocampal neurons of rat depression model.Methods Rat depression models were established by chronic unpredicted mild stress.All rats were randomly assigned to 2 groups:control group and model group.Flow cytometry was applied to detect the apoptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential.The level of LDH was measured by enzymes labelling instrument.The number of neurons was measured by immunohistochemistry.The expression of UCP4 and Bcl-2 protein was measured by Western blotting.Results After chronic stress,the apoptosis rate((4.35±0.19) ％)and LDH activity ((445.50±91.70) U/mg) in hippocampal tissue in the model group was significantly higher than the control group((0.34±0.06) ％,(167.20±63.40)U/mg).Compared to control group,the number of hippocampal neurons ((72.50±4.25) vs (45.30±2.54)) and the mitochon drial membrane potential decreased in the model group.The expressions of UCP4 and Bcl-2 protein in hippocampal tissue were significantly lower than the control group.Conclusion Chronic unpredicted mild stress can lead to apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons,which is related with decline of mitochondrial membrane potential and low expression of UCP4 and Bcl-2 protein.

Objective To investigate the impact of alterations within the space of Disse micro- environment on the migration of hepatic stellate cells(HSC) during the process of liver fibrosis,and to ex plore the novel mechanism of liver fibrosis from the view of cell migration.Methods A modified in vitro Boyden chamber system to partially mimic in vivo microenvironment of Disse space of normal and liver fibrosis was employed.The effects of fibrogenetic growth factors on the migration of HSC in liver fibrosis were observed via cell migration and cell proliferation experiments.Results Enhanced platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)-BB,transforming growth factor(TGF)-?1 and/or epithelial growth factor(EGF) in liver fibrosis resulted in an increase in migratory capacity of activated HSC.The enhanced migration of HSCs induced by PDGF-BB was partially associated with their increased proliferation,while,TGF-?1 or EGF-induced migration was proliferation independent.The elevation of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)during liver fibrosis had no effect on the migration of HSCs.Conclusions The study provides valuable insights into the role of space of Disse microenvironment in regulating HSC migratory behavior.TGF-?1,PDGF-BB and EGF,which increased in liver fibrosis, could induce the migration of activated HSC.However,bFGF or VEGF has no such kind of effect,al- though they also increased during liver fibrosis.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy

Fifteen novel 5-substituted-2-(pyridyl)benzothiazole compounds were designed and synthesized by simple hydrolization and condensation reaction of the 2-amino-5-substituent benzothiazole. Activities of these synthesized compounds were evaluated on Bcap-37, HCT-15 and HepG2 tumor cells in vitro by standard MTT assay. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was used as the positive control. The results revealed that most of the new compounds had potent effects on Bcap-37, HCT-15 and HepG2 tumor cells, and had no or less effect on 293T and L02 normal cells. Particularly, compounds 1c and 2e exhibited better activities on HCT-15 and HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 41.59 and 38.65 micromol x L(-1), and 1i showed excellent activities on Bcap-37 and HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 46.63 and 23.51 micromol x L(-1), respectively. The structure-activity relationship of 5-substituted-2-(pyridyl)benzothiazole compounds were also discussed preliminarily.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of automatic processing of cartoon facial expressions by using event-related potential(ERP).Methods Sixteen healthy volunteers (7 males and 9 females) were recruited for this study.The subjects were instructed to mentally count green faces (targets) and ignore the red ones (non-targets) including standard neutral expressions and deviant emotional expressions.Thirty two channels electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded by Neuroscan Nuamps System.The amplitudes of mismatch negativity (MMN) were analyzed.Results (1) MMN1:the amplitudes were(-0.570 ± 0.076) μV (TP7/TP8),(-0.840 ±0.119) μV(A1/A2) ,(-1.199 ±0.105)μV(T5/T6) ,(-1.184 ±0.102)μV(O1/O2).There was a significant main effect of site (F(3,45) = 8.340, P ＜ 0.05 ) and an interaction of orientation × hemisphere (F(1,15) =11.977, P＜0.05).( 2 ) MMN2: the amplitudes were (-0.469 ± 0.126 ) μV ( TP7/TP8 ), (-1.014 ± 0.255 ) μV(A1/A2) ,(-1.071 ±0.182)μV(T5/T6), (-0.915 ±0.178)μV (O1/O2).There was a significant main effect of orientation (F(1,15) = 7.232, P ＜ 0.05 ) and interactions of orientation × type (F(1,15) = 6.458, P ＜ 0.05 )and orientation × hemisphere(F(1,15) = 11.907, P＜0.05 ).Conclusion Cartoon emotional faces elicit expressionrelated MMN indexing automatic processing.The MMN amplitude is right-lateralized and larger for negative than positive expression.

Objective To explore the way and effect of minimally invasive surgery of intracranial aneurysms.Methods 42 aneurysms from 40 patients were clipped under microscope, including 15 cases assisted with endoscope, 2 cases with neuronavigation and 2 cases with endovascular technique.Results 36 aneurysms were clipped, of which 2 were removed and 4 were wrapped. There were no parental arteries clipped incorrectly and no narrowing of the parental arterys under the helping of endoscope. Endovascular technique was applied in two large paraclinoid aneurysms, one was successfully clipped and the other was failed in procedure, but we dissected and clipped it at last by pressing the ICA. Two aneurysms were successfully located and removed under the help of neuronavigation.Conclusion Microneurosurgery combined with neuroendoscope, endovascularity and neuronavigation may reduce surgical injure and improve treatment effect.

Objective To evaluate the application of the flurescence-guided resection in gliomas surgery. The value and the advantages of this system for glioma resection was assessed, points for attention of application were discussed. Method 14 patients with gliomas in different region of the brain were performed flurescence-guided resection by using high-dose fluorescein sodium . Results Of our cases, according to the imaging data, total lesion removals were achieved in 11 patients (78.6%). The clinical status of all patients showed improvement without complication after surgery, the time of surgery and the days in hospital were both shortened than those of routine method of surgery. Conclusion The flurescence- guided resection is reliable and does accurate location in surgical treatment for gliomas. It increases rate of total lesion removal of glioma without injuring the adjacent functions.

The situation of investment in health is a measure of socio-economic and cultural development of a country or region.The health outcome from a certain amount of health costs is the economic benefits of investment in health.The World Health Organization has made "put investment in the field of health to promote economic development," a new development strategy for the purpose of investment in health,expanding domestic demand and the development of health which could be the cause of national macro-economic development.This paper briefly describes the impact of health investment on China's economic development from several aspects.