Objectives To explore the effects of control measures and dynamic prevalence of drinking water endemic fluorosis in China, to provide basis and technique support for endemic fluorosis control in China. Methods The survey was carried out according to the national surveillance Scheme of Endemic Fuorosis. The fulfillment of control measures and the quality of water improving projects were surveyed. Household water sample and urine of children aged 8-12 years were collected and fluoride content was detected by iron selective electrode method. Check the teeth of children aged 8-12 years. Dental fluorosis was diagnosed by Dean's method. Results projects were build in 84 endemic villages in 2006, and the average water improving rate came to 73.98% fluoride contents of half the surveyed spots were over the standard, mainly between 1.0-2.0 mg/L, and the urine controlled just in only few spots and it was in moderate or severe status in some endemic areas for many years. Conclusions Little progress of control measures in drinking water endemic fluorosis counties surveyed has been made in these two years. Projects of running out of status and over standard of water fluorosis are frequently seen. Dental fluorosis in many spots is not controlled.

AIM: To investigate the clinical effect of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens ( IOL ) implantation for cataract patients after corneal refractive surgery, and to compare the accuracy of the different refractive IOL.
METHODS:The data of 120 myopia cases (160 eyes) in our hospital, who underwent cataract surgery and corneal refractive surgery were analyzed. Corneal curvature K value before corneal refractive surgery were obtained and calculated by using history method. Corneal curvature correction numerical method and corneal topography were used to record K value of patients with incomplete data before and after treatment. The K value was substituted into the formula. By comparing the actual cataract surgery and refractive state expected refractive status (-0. 50D), the accuracy of IOL refractive obtained from three methods was compared.
RESULTS: The average best corrected visual acuity before cataract surgery was 0. 25 ± 0. 05, and it was improved ( 0. 80 ± 0. 05 ) after surgery. The average spherical equivalent (SE) was -1. 98±1. 75 before surgery and +0.85±3.38 after surgery (P<0.05). The K values of 48 cases were calculated by clinical history method ( CHM ) and that of 73 cases was calculated with the adjusted keratometry method ( AKM) . The K values of 39 cases were calculated using the corneal topography method ( CTM) .
CONCLUSION: For patients with corneal refractive surgery, the appropriate method can be selected according to clinical symptoms, history, etc. and this may help to accurately calculate IOL. For patients with complete data, CHM can be used to provide corneal K values, while for those with incomplete data, AKM and CHM can be used.

Payment system reforms have become an important part of Chinese healthcare reforms, and global budget has been seen as a major trend. Based on the practice and data of four pilot hospitals in Beijing which have implemented the global budget, this paper focuses on analyzing the effects of implementation on the following aspects and provides references for policy improvements: medical services, average medical cost, total health expenditure, medical cost structure, average length of stay and out-of-pocket expense percentages.

Medical metrology work is the base of quality control for hospital medical equipment.It guarantees the accuracy of hospital medical instruments.It is important to set up a complete management system for hospital metrology institutions.

Objective:To study the relationships between age,the state of genital tract and vaginitis,cervical erosion and vulvae leukoplakia in married women.Methods:Gynecologic inspection and laboratory examination were performed in 1 253 patients diagnosed vaginitis,cervicitis and vulvae leukoplakia in a women screen in a certain area in Chongqing in 2007.Statistics analysis was made by SAS8.1.Results:Of 1 253 patiens,45.89% had vaginitis,44.69%,cervical erosion,and 3.35%,vulvae leukoplakia,6.07%,the other conditions.Age,vaginal cleanness degree,candida infection were risk factors of vaginitis;Age,vaginal cleanness degree were related to cervical erosion and vulvae leukoplakia.Conclusion:Vaginitis,cervical erosion and vulvae leukoplakia should arouse more attention in the prevention and treatment of women genital tract disease in the future,and the standard etiology treatment should be performed to get microcosmic ecological balance.The perfect control and monitoring system for gynecologic disease should be established,and service quality of women health care should be improved.

Objective To realize fully automatic X-ray exposure controlling,simplify operating processes,and improve the quality of images.Methods We designed 5 or 7 X-ray detectors with silicon batteries,improved film-holding board of the main engine of the X-ray machine,then assembled them by mechanical gearing,and thus made multi-measured-limit,automatically-changed X-ray detectors.Results When choosing film boxes according to the radiographed positions,the detectors will change automatically into measured-limits coinciding with the interested positions.The average density was around 1Ⅴ in 9 randomly selected photographs.High quality was achieved in up to 98% of 10 000 radiographed images for clinic radiography.Conclusion The key of X-ray automatic exposure controlling technology is X-ray detecting technology,by which the quality of image can be improved.

The S100 proteins are a multi-gene calcium-binding family,which are differently expressed in a variety of tumors.It is found to be associated with tumor invasion and metastasis.As a tumor-associated biomarkers,unraveling the relationship between S100 and prostate cancer progression as well as molecular mechanisms,would provide an important basis for the clinical diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring.

Recently, increasing attention has been paid to beads, an innovative self-assembled drug delivery system prepared from cyclodextrins and oils. Beads are new core-shell minispheres containing poorly water-soluble drugs or lipophilic drugs dissolved in the lipid core without the use of organic solvents and surfactants. Therefore, beads with high drug loading and improved oral bioavailability have great potential for oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs and lipophilic drugs. The preparation mechanisms, formulations and methods, the in vitro and in vivo properties of beads were reviewed in order to provide the theoretical basis for further application of beads.

Objective To investigate the effects and adverse reactions of high-dose glucocorticoid on early active rheumatoid arthritis patients.Methods The early active rheumatoid arthritis patients were randomly divided into three groups:high dose group (16 patients,with large doses of glucocorticoid therapy),low dose group (17 patients,with small doses of glucocorticoid therapy),and control group (41 patients,with no glucocorticoid therapy).Compared the differences among the three groups.Results The changes in the three groups were different in joint pain,joint swelling,morning stiffness,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,rheumatoid factor and C-reactive protein (P ＜ 0.05).The high dose group was significantly better than the other two groups in the above variables alleviating,in the 1 week after the treatment.The changes in the three groups had no significant difference of bone mineral density,Larsen hip score (P＞ 0.05).The NSAIDs days in the control group was significantly longer than the high dose group,low dose group [(51.17 ± 2.56) d vs.(14.16 ± 0.71) d,(26.50 ± 1.59) d],the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Rate of weight gain in the high dose group,low dose group was significantly higher than the control group [5/16,4/17 vs.4.9％ (2/41)],the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Body weight increased in the high dose group and low dose group occurred mainly in the following 1.5 months of therapy,with the discontinuation of cortices-teroids,weight gradually fell to normal.Gastrointestinal discomfort incidence in the control group was significandy higher than that in the high dose group,low dose group [51.2％ (21/41) vs.2/16,3/17],the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).Conclusions High-dose glucocorticoid can rapidly relieve clinical symptoms and inflammation in early active rheumatoid arthritis patients.High-dose corticosteroids do not bring too many side effects to patients but weight gain,and it reduces the patients' gastrointestinal discomfort greatly,because of the decrease use of NSAIDs.

Objective To investigate the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in colorectal carcinoma and the rela-tionship between ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and the occurrence, the metastasis of colorectal carcinoma, and to analyze the significance. Methods Immunohistochemistry staining(S-P method) was used to detect the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on consecutive section in 78 cases of colorectal carcinoma and normal mucosa and 42 cases of colorec-tal adenomas. Plasma was obtained from 78 patients with colorectal carcinoma and 40 healthy volunteers prior sur-gery, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results There was significant difference between the high expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in colorectal carcinoma and the low expression in normal mucosa and ade-noma(P < 0. 01). Serum ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were significantly higher in patients with colorectal carcinoma than those in normal control group(P < 0. 01). The ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels were not related to sex, age, tumor lo-cation and histological grades(P > 0. 05),but had significantly statistical difference between lymph node metastasis and Dukes stage(P < 0. 01). Conclusion The increase expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in colorectal cancer suggests that the ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 may play an important role in evaluation of malignant degree and judging the progress as well as the mechanism of colorectal cancer.