Objective To study the microsurgical anatomy marks and parameters for thefar lateral suboccipital approach and to protect the vital structure in operations. Methods Through the far lateral suboccipital approach, 10 adult cadveric heads were anatomized. Under the microscopy, the involving muscles, bony structures, vessels and nerves were observed and measured anatomically. Results The distance from asteria to asteria was (21. 68 ± 1. 88) mm on the left and (22. 34 ± 2. 62) mm on the right. The distance from anterior asteria to mas-toidale was (38. 56 ± 3. 48) mm on the left and (39. 14 ± 2. 24) mm on the right. The distance from asteria to root of zygoma was (55. 72 ± 3. 64) mm on the left and (56. 16 ± 2. 72) mm on the right. Conclusion The suboccipital triangle and C2 nerve were the significant marks which can identify the vertebral artery. The bone anatomic landmarks in the far lateral suboccipital approach included anterior asteria, aste-ria, mastoidale and root of zygoma. These marks contributed the successful implementation of the far lateral suboccipital approach surgery.

application of mini-mally invasive technique could dramatically decrease surgical complications following resection of glioma, and its combination with PDT could obviously improve the quality of life of patients and prolong the survival time.

Objective To investigate the relativity between c.553G/T polymorphism in exon 4 of Apolipoprotein A5 gene and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) in Zunyi Han Nationality. Methods c.553G/T polymorphism of 103 HTG patients and 165 healthy individuals were tested by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length (PCR-RFLP) assay. The distributions of genotypes and allele frequencies in HTG patients and healthy group were analyzed between Zunyi population and others. Results The genotype frequency of the Apo A5 gene c.553G/T showed statistical difference between patients group and normal groups (P < 0.05). The distribution of ApoA5 c.553T gene in HTG was higher than the normal group significantly (P < 0.05), and it had effect on triglyceridemia level independently (OR = 15.768, 95%CI: 5.916 ~ 42.025, P < 0.001). In the normal Han nationality groups, gene frequency of Zunyi was lower than that in Taiwan, Jiangsu and Hubei (P < 0.05), but similar to that in Hunan and Xinjiang (P > 0.05). In HTG groups, gene frequency of Zunyi was similar to that in Jiangsu (P>0.05), but higher than that in Xinjiang (P<0.05) and lower than that in Taiwan (P > 0.05). Conclusion There is relativity between Apo A5 gene c.553G/T polymorphisms and HTG in Zunyi Han nationality and the differences vary across different areas. It could be an independent risk factor for HTG.

Objective To investigate the differences of clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis between young and old age patients with rectal cancer. Methods From January 1996 to January 2006, 85 young patients(age≤40 years) and 155 older patients(age≥65 years)with rectal cancer were surgically treated. The clinicopathological and follow-up data of them were retrospectively analyzed and compared by survival analysis and COX regression multivariate analysis. Results Rectal cancer under peritoneal in young group were higher than that in older group (69.41 % vs 52.90 %, P =0.013). The young group had significantly higher frequencies of pooly differentiated carcinoma (31.76 % vs 18.71 %, P =0.023) and more mucinous adenocarcinoma as well as signet-ring cell carcinoma (22.35 % vs 8.39 %, P =0.007), There were more lymphatic metastasis in young group than that in old group (N_1+N_2: 63.53 % vs 47.10 %, P =0.015). The overall 5-year survival rates were 48.2 % and 55.7 % in young and old patients respectively, which was not significantly different (P =0.176). COX regression showed that radical operation, tumor infiltration depth,lymph node metastasis and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion As compared to the old age patients, more malignancy and more advanced stage are common in young patients with rectal cancer.However the efficacy of young patients is similar to the older counters by early detection and radical operation combined radiotherapy as well as chemotherapy.

Objective To detect time-dependent change of neuritin expression in brain tissues after traumatic brain injury and discuss the effect of neuritin after brain damage occurred. Methods Forty-two rats were divided into normal group, control and experimental group. According to the postoperative time divided into 6 subgroups, including 6 hours group, 12 hours group, 24 hours group, 3 days group, 7 days group and 14 days group. Immunohistochemical and western-blot were used to detected the protein expression levels of neuritin. Results The immunohistochemical staining indicated that the positive expression of neuritin was strong in the cytomembrane and cytoplasms of the neurons, with a higher intensity, 6 hours after the operation. 12 hours after the operation last to the seventh day, the neurons with the strongest positive expression, is significantly higher than control group and normal group, significant decrease on the fourteenth day. The result of western-blot indicated that the level of neuritin protein sharply increased at 6 hours, reached the peak on 24 hours and after lasted to the seventh day, significantly higher than control group and normal group (P < 0.01), significant decrease on the fourteenth day (P < 0.05). Conclusion Up-regulation of neuritin in cerebral contusion tissues may play an important role after traumatic brain injury.

Objective To establish a serum-free primary culture method for cortical neurons of new-born rats .Methods The cortical tissue was digested and the cells were planted in the medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum ,and then maintained feed-ing with neurobasal medium containing B27 after 4 to 8 h .The morphology was observed under phase-contrast microscope .RT-PCR ,Western blot and immunocytochemistry were applied to identify the expression of NSE gene and protein in neurons .Results A large number of neurons began to adhere to the cover glasses after 2 to 8 h .They showed different shapes-shuttle ,triangle pyram-idal ,or no regular after clinging to the plate .Their processes connected to nets and were different in length and thickness .They well developed at the 7th to 10th day .The isolated and cultured cells were confirmed as neurons by RT-PCR ,Western blot and immuno-cytochemistry .Conclusion This technique is an easy and practical tool for primary culture of new-born rats cortical neurons with high purity ,and can be used as an in-vitro model of research .

Objective Recent studies have indicated that early brain injury is the leading cause of death in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH) .Our study investigated the role of aminoguanidine ( AG) in early brain injury after SAH . Methods Sixty-eight male SD rats were equally randomized into four groups of equal number :control, sham, SAH, and AG.The animals in the sham group were injected with isotonic saline solution , while those of the latter two groups with femoral artery blood ( FAB) and FAB+AG, respectively, into the pre-chiasmatic cistern to induce SAH. At 24 hours after modeling , all the rats were killed for HE staining , obtainment of behavioral neurological assessment ( BNA ) scores by Garcia, measurement of the apoptosis of neurons by TUNEL , and de-termination of the expressions of the iNOS and NSE proteins by West-ern blot. Results The results of HE staining showed the presence of more red blood cells in the subarachnoid cavity of the rats in the SAH group, with a significantly decreased BNA score ( 14.47 ± 0.62) as compared with those in the control (17.94 ±0.24), sham (17.59 ±0.51), and AG group (15.71 ±0.47) (P<0.05). The rate of positive cells was remarkably higher in the SAH group ([42.38 ±2.38]%) than in the control ([6.35 ±0.94]%), sham ([6.85 ±0.69]%), and AG group ([30.48 ±2.89]%) ( P<0.01), with significant differences among the latter three groups (P<0.05).The expressions of iNOS and NSE were markedly higher in the SAH group ([3.86 ±0.07] and [1.59 ±0.06]) than in the control (0 and[0.35 ±0.09]), sham ([2.96 ±0.34] and [0.38 ±0.08]), and AG group ([3.41 ±0.04] and [0.70 ±0.12]) ( P<0.05).Both the expression levels of iNOS and NSE were positively correlated with the rate of positive cells (r=0 .879 and 0.935, P<0.01). Conclusion AG can alleviate early brain injury after SAH in SD rats by improving the neuro-ethologic function , suppressing the apoptosis of neurons , and reducing the expressions of iNOS and NSE .

Objective:To explore the skin damage, oxidative damage and DNA damage of welding workers caused by ultra violet.Methods:From 1 May to 30 June 2017, 125 welding workers were selected as the contact group, which was divided into 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10-year-working age groups with 25 workers in each group and 25 healthy volunteers as the control group. The workers in the contact group were investigated with questionnaires on the distribution and wearing of protective equipment; the subjects in the two groups were examined in dermatology, and the peripheral blood was collected to detect the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and DNA damage of mononuclear cells, and the influence of ultraviolet on the above indexes was analyzed.Results:The distribution rates of welding mask, dust mask and goggles were 100.0% (125/125) , 96.0% (120/125) , 98.4% (123/125) , respectively, and the distribution rates of welding gloves were 64.8% (81/125) ; the wearing rates of welding mask and goggles were 100.0% (125/125) , 90.4% (113/125) , and the wearing rates of dust mask and welding gloves were 89.6% (112/125) and 64.0% (80/125) , respectively. The acute skin injuries such as hand and face peeling and skin pruritus were serious in the 2-year-working age group, and the chronic skin injuries such as insensitive and numbness and verrucous vegetations were the main manifestations in the 10-year-working age group. Compared with the control group, T-AOC in peripheral blood of workers exposed to 6, 8 and 10 years decreased significantly, and DNA content in comet tail of workers exposed to various working years increased significantly ( P<0.05) , while DNA content in comet tail increased with working years ( F=1501.130, P<0.05) . Conclusion:UV welding can cause skin damage, reduce the antioxidant capacity of the body, and increase DNA damage with the increase of working age.

Objective:To explore the skin damage, oxidative damage and DNA damage of welding workers caused by ultra violet.Methods:From 1 May to 30 June 2017, 125 welding workers were selected as the contact group, which was divided into 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10-year-working age groups with 25 workers in each group and 25 healthy volunteers as the control group. The workers in the contact group were investigated with questionnaires on the distribution and wearing of protective equipment; the subjects in the two groups were examined in dermatology, and the peripheral blood was collected to detect the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and DNA damage of mononuclear cells, and the influence of ultraviolet on the above indexes was analyzed.Results:The distribution rates of welding mask, dust mask and goggles were 100.0% (125/125) , 96.0% (120/125) , 98.4% (123/125) , respectively, and the distribution rates of welding gloves were 64.8% (81/125) ; the wearing rates of welding mask and goggles were 100.0% (125/125) , 90.4% (113/125) , and the wearing rates of dust mask and welding gloves were 89.6% (112/125) and 64.0% (80/125) , respectively. The acute skin injuries such as hand and face peeling and skin pruritus were serious in the 2-year-working age group, and the chronic skin injuries such as insensitive and numbness and verrucous vegetations were the main manifestations in the 10-year-working age group. Compared with the control group, T-AOC in peripheral blood of workers exposed to 6, 8 and 10 years decreased significantly, and DNA content in comet tail of workers exposed to various working years increased significantly ( P<0.05) , while DNA content in comet tail increased with working years ( F=1501.130, P<0.05) . Conclusion:UV welding can cause skin damage, reduce the antioxidant capacity of the body, and increase DNA damage with the increase of working age.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of removal of large and medium-sized meningiomas in the sellar region via neuroendoscope assisted supraorbital keyhole approach.Methods:The clinical data of 13 patients with large and medium-sized meningiomas in the sellar region accepted surgery via neuroendoscope assisted supraorbital keyhole approach in our hospital from March 2017 to March 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The surgical efficacies of these patients were analyzed.Results:Total removal was achieved in all 13 patients: 2 were with Simpson I resection, and 11 with Simpson II resection. The vision was improved in all patients. After surgery, scalp hydrops appeared in 2 patients, transient diabetes insipidus in 2 patients, and recurrent hyponatremia and hypokalemia in one patient; these symptoms were relieved gradually for 2 weeks. No olfactory disturbance was noted in these 13 patients. Follow up for 3-18 months showed no recurrence, and Karnofsky performance status scores were≥80.Conclusion:Surgery via supraorbital keyhole approach is suitable for large and medium sized meningiomas in the sellar region, with advantages of beauty, minimal invasion, few postoperative complications and quick recovery.