Objective To optimize the application principles of gradient factors(GFs) in decompression algorithm by analyzing its law of regulation.Methods The saturated value of compartments was listed and the limits of decompression were calculated to evaluate the effect of GFs on safety and efficiency of decompression.The anchor point of GFs was changed.Results and Conclusion A higher GF was recommended in shallow and short dives, while in deep and long dives a moderate low GF and decompression by oxygen was preferred.The modification of the anchor points of GFs can increase the risk of decompression sickness and should be used with caution.

Objective To explore the application value of superior mesenteric vein-caval-right atrium Y shape shunt (abbr.SMV-CV-RA Y shape shunt) as a new approach for treatment of mixed pattern Budd-Chiari syndrome (B-CS).Methods The clinical data of 101 cases of mixed pattern B-CS patients were evaluated for the curative effect.Of the 101 patients,62 were treated with superior ruesenteric vein-caval-right atrium Y shape shunt,26 with splenic vein-caval shunt and 13 with superior mesenteric vein-caval shunt using artificial vascular graft.Results Compared with the plastocyte count of patients receiving splenic vein-caval shunt and superior mesenteric vein-caval shunt,the plastocyte count of 62 cases undergoing SMV-CV-RA shunt increased obviously after operation (P＜0.05).The portal vein pressure of patients with SMV-CV-RA shunt decreased significantly (P＜0.05),but the pressure of patients in splenic vein-caval shunt group and superior mesenteric vein-caval shunt group deceased slightly (P＞0.05).The incidence of hepatic encephalopathy in one year after operation was not significantly different among the 3 groups (P＞0.05).The incidence was 3.2%(2/62),0% (0/26),0% (0/13),respectively.The recanalization rate of artificial vascular graft was 95.2%(59/62),69.2%(18/25),38.4%(5/13),respectively in SMV-CV-RA shunt group,splenic vein-caval shunt group and superior mesenteric vein-caval shunt group.The recanalization rate of artificial vascular graft in SMV-CV-RA shunt group was increased significantly (P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with splenic vein-caval shunt and superior mesenteric vein-caval shunt,the SMV-CV-RA Y shape shunt can get satisfactory effeet in curing massive hemorrhage of gastrointestinal tract for cutting down the pressure of portal vein and inferior vena.Otherwise,the shunt could eliminate hypersplenia of patients.The splenic vein-caval shunt and superior mesenteric vein-caval shunt are not effective in curing the mixed pattern B-CS.

Objective To select an efficient method to inhibit telomerase activity, antisenseoligodeoxynucleotide and plasmid-vector mediated RNAi against hTERT were used to inhibit telomerase activity. The inhibiting effects of the two methods were compared. Methods Against hTERT mRNA, siRNA and oligodeoxynucleotide were designed and transfected into K562 cells by liposome. Effective and specific siRNA strands were selected and then plasmid was constructed and transfected into K562 cells; followed by analysis of the results. Results hTERT mRNA were detected after the three chemo-synthesized strands were transfected. It was found that si-hTERT-1 and si-hTERT-2 were effective, but si-hTERT-3 had no effect. The inhibiting effect of hTERT mRNA lasted only 48 h and disappeared at 72 h. Two siRNA strands were sieved and plasmids were constructed and transfected into K562 cells. In the P-1 group, hTERT mRNA was 0.39±0.13 at 48 h, 0.57±0.32 at 72 h. In the P-2 group, hTERTmRNA was 0.55±0.20 at 48 h, 0.88±0.23 at 72 h.In the P-1 group, the relative telomerase activity was 0.42±0.07 at 48 h, 0.31±0.08 at 72 h. In the P-2 group was 0.49±0.27 at 48 h, 0.39±0.03 at 72 h. The best concentration of siRNA was 100 μmol/L. The best concentration of ASODN was 0.6 μ mol/L. hTERTmRNA was 0.42±0.16 at 24 h, 0.71±0.18 at 48 h. Relative telomerase activity was 0.52±0.002 at 24 h, 0.482±0.018 at 48 h. Conclusion Both ASODN and RNAi targeting hTERT can inhibit the expression of hTERT mRNA, and then inhibit telomerase activity. The inhibiting effect is closely relative to the targeting site. The inhibiting effect of RNAi is better than that of ASODN. RNAi has better efficiency and lasts for a longer time. Plasmid mediated RNAi has better inhibiting effect than the chemo-synthesized siRNA.

BACKGROUND:Lung injury can be induced after injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) into the vein of aging rats,and with the development of lung injury,the kidney function can be influenced.Ginkgo biloba extract(GBE) has some effects such as clearing the free radicals,improving hemorrheology,protecting the vascular endothelial cells and so on. OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether renal function damage is induced by acute lung injury(ALI) in aging rats so as to support the hypothesis that lung is the start-up organ in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in the elderly and the protective effect of GBE on it. DESIGN:Randomized controlled experimental trial based on the experimental animals. SETTING:Laboratory of Department of Pathophysiology,Institute of Basic Medical Science,Peking Union Medical College. MATERIALS:The study has been completed from May 2001 to January 2003 in the Laboratory of Department of Pathophysiology,Institute of Basic Medical Science,Peking Union Medical College.Thirty-six Wistar male rats were involved. INTERVENTIONS:For reproducing the mimic aging rats models,the rats were injected intraperitoneally,D-gal 50 mg/kg,once a day,for 6weeks totally,and randomly divided into 3 groups, namely: ①control group(saline ,intravenous injection);② LPS group( LPS,5 mg/kg intravenous injection) ③ GBE+LPS group (GBE was used 7 days prior to LPS,31 mg/kg ,once a day).Samples(blood,lung and kidney tissue) were collected at 2 or 6 hours after LPS or saline administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Contents of creatinine(Cr),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),lactic acid (LA),NO (its metabolite is NO2-/NO3-) and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde(MDA);and activities of glutathione peroxi-dase(GSH-Px) and Na+-K+-ATPase were measured. RESULTS:Compared with control group,there was obviously ALI at 2or 6 hours after LPS administration.Cr [(94.7±10.3) μmol/L]and BUN [(l1.4 1.9)mmol/L]contents in blood were increased significantly until 6 hours after LPS administration.In LPS group,MDA[(22.5 2.6) nmol/L]and NO2-/NO3-[(25.8 2.9) μmol/g] contents in blood and in lung tissue were all increased significantly at 2 hours.But GSH-PX [(355.145.0)μkat/g],Na+-K+-ATPase [(886.3 97.2) nkat/g] activities in lung tissue were decreased significantly at 2 hours after LPS administration.The above changes lasted for 6 hours.However,significant change did not occur until 6 hours after LPS administration in renal tissue.All the above changes were markedly attenuated by pretreatment of GBE. CONCLUSION:ALI was caused by LPS intravenous injection in aging rats.Renal function damage could be induced by ALI in aging rats.GBE showed a protective effect on ALI and renal function damage in this animal model.

Objective To explore the role of MAPK and NF-?B in the increase of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) expression induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in pulmonary micro-vascular endothelial cells(PMVECs) of mouse.Methods PMVECs were isolated,cultured and exposed to the different concentration LPS at(2 h),and(100 ?g/L) LPS in different time.The concentration of TNF-? in culture supernatant was detected using ELISA.(Using) PD98059 inhibitor for ERK,SB203580 inhibitor for P38 MAPK and PDTC inhibitor for NF-?B pretreated(PMVECs).RT-PCR was used to detect the levels of TLR4 and TNF-? mRNA.Western-blot was used to detect the protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-?B) P65 subunit and ERK / P38 MAPK in nuclear extract after LPS exposure for 6 h respectively.Results With the treatment of 50～(500 ng /mL) LPS for(2 h) or(100 ?g /L)(LPS exposure) in different time,the concentration of TNF-?in culture supernatant of PMVECs was increased by a time and dosage dependent style(P

Objective To investigate whether gingko biloba extract (GBE) have protective effect on acute lung injury(ALI)induced by Lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) in aging rats and renal function damage induced by ALI. Methods Male aging Wistar rats(36) were used in the study. LPS group (LPS, iv route, 5mg/kg body weight) and GBE+LPS group (GBE was given starting from 7 days before experiment, once a day oral administration). The blood, lung and kidney samples were collected at 2 or 6 hours after LPS or saline administration. Results Compared with the aging control, ALI was obviously observed in LPS group, blood creatinine and urea nitrogen were increased significantly from (68.7? 6.9) mol/L and (5.9?0.6) mmol/L to (94.7?10.3) mol/L and (11.4?1.9) mmol/L, respectively (P

AIM:To investigate whether renal function damage could be induced by acute lung injury(ALI)in aging rats. METHODS: 40 Wistar male rats were used for reproducing aging animal model. Aging rats were randomly divided into aging control; ALI group (Lipopolysaccharide, LPS, 5 mg/kg body weight, iv) and LPS group (same dosage LPS, intraventricle of left heart injection). The samples (blood, lung and kidney ) were collected at 2 or 6 hours after LPS or normal saline administration. RESULTS:Compared with aging control, in ALI group, creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) contents in blood were increased significantly (all P

ObjectiveTo study the expressions of CD90 and hTERT in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),and their relationships to progression of tumor.MethodsThe expressions of CD90 and hTERT in hepatocellular carcinoma were detected by S-P immunohistochemical staining.Twenty patients with hemangiomas of liver were used as control.ResultsCompared with the control group,the positive rates of CD90 and hTERT in HCC were significantly higher (63.9％ and 47.2％ vs 0％ and 0％).The positive rates of CD90 and hTERT were significantly higher in patients with tumors at UICC Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage than at UICC stage Ⅰ -Ⅱ (79.1％ and 62.5％ vs 33.3％ and 16.6％).The CD90 expression correlated with hTERT positively.There were significant differences in survival between patients with CD90+ and CD90- or hTERT+ and hTERT-.The median postoperative survivals for patients with CD90+ and hTERT+,CD90- and hTERT- were 85 d and 76 d,505 d and 463 d,respectively.ConclusionsCD90 expression correlated positively with progression of HCC.It has the potential to serve as a prognostic marker for HCC.

ObjectiveTo investigate the targeting infection of single chain antibody againstAFP (scFv anti-AFP) directed lentivirus and the inhibitory effects of a dual-growth inhibition systemon hepatocarcinoma cells.MethodsPlasmids WtP53-pPRIME-miR30-shRNA-IGF1R,pMD2G-Anti-AFP,and psPAX2 have previously been constructed to cotransfect to the packaging cell line 293Tusing Lipofectamine2000.The infection results were observed through fluorescence microscopy.PCRand Western blotting were used to demonstrate the successful transduction and transcription of theWtP53-pPRIME-miR30-shRNA-IGF1R gene.The effects of reconstructed lentivirus infected liver cellgrowth were assessed by the cell growth curve of CCK8 cells. Apoptosis was evaluated by theTUNEL assay.ResultsRecombined lentivirus was successfully constructed with the functional PFUtiters of recombined lentivirus at 4.58× 109PFU/ml.This positive result was confirmed by PCR andWestern blotting.ConclusionsThe targeted therapy mediated by anti-AFP scFv could significantlyinhibit the proliferation of HEP3B cells and promote the apoptosis.

Objective We aimed to explore the difference of dosimetry among intensity modulated radia-tion therapy(IMRT),volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT)and helical tomotherapy(TOMO)in the radio-therapy of medulloblastoma.Methods Ten children's patients with the medulloblastoma were selected and de-signed in this study.A clinically feasible radiotherapy plan was designed for IMRT(5 fields),VMAT and TOMO. Conformality index(CI),homogeneity index(HI),V107,maximum dose(Dmax),organ at risk(OAR)dose-volume level,monitor units and treatment time were used to analyze in these groups.Results CI,HI,V107,Dmaxand OAR of target areas were significantly superior to VMAT and IMRT in the TOMO group of target PTV for whole brain full radiotherapy.The organ at risk dose-volume level in the TOMO group was lower than that in VMAT and IM-RT(5 fields)groups(P<0.05).The TOMO group also had the most monitor units and the longest treatment time (P<0.05).Hence,the patients in the TOMO group could irradiate completely the whole brain and full spinal cord without moving treatment couch to avoid the error from the man-made movement in VMAT and IMRT(5 fields)treatments.Conclusion In the radiotherapy of medulloblastoma,the dose distribution of patients in the TOMO group are superior to the VMAT and IMRT groups(5 fields).However,the number of monitor units and treatment time is significantly increased during treatment,and its clinical effect needed to be further studies.