Objective To understand the variation of the motality and death causes for diabetic inpatients in West China Hospital(WCH) during 1996～2004. Methods First,the amount of diabetic inpatients(14670) and died persons (9597)were got each year by computer search system of our hospital from 1996 to 2004,and the case code of died diabetic subjects (842)were obtained.Then,those medical records were investigated and reviewed in details to get useful information.The motality,death causes and its constituent ratio of dead diabetic inpatients were analysed. Data input and analysis were conducted using the tool Epidate3.0,packages SPSS13 and SAS8.0. Results There were totally 14760 inpatients and 842 deaths who were suffered from DM during 1996-2004.The mortality rate was 5.74% and the standardized mortality rate was 5.37%.Tumor was the first cause of deaths (22.3%),followed by infection(15%),fatal cardiovascular events(14.4%),cerebrovascular events(12.3%).Diabetic nephropathy(DN)(6.3%) took the 6th place just after COPD(8%).There were 9269 deaths in the hospital in total(≥15 years old) during 1996-2004 while DM patients contributed 9.08% to them.The proportion of diabetic patients among the total deaths kept increasing every year(χ2=71.9070,P<0.01). Conclusions The mortality proportion of diabetic inpatients among the total deaths in West China Hospital from 1996 to 2004 is increasing every year.It needs to pay more attention to the main death cause of tumor in diabetic patients

ObjectiveTo investigate the associations between microalbuminuria and early atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe measured the combined intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid arteries and the inner diameter (ID) of tibia artery with high resolution ultrasound in 30 type 2 diabetic patients,and compared with 13 age-matched non-diabetics as control.The diabetic patients were subgrouped into DM-A subjects whose urinary albumin excretion were normal,and DM-B subjects who were with microalbuminuria,and DM-C subjects who with macroalbuminuria.ResultsThe results showed that the IMT values were greater in diabetic patients than in control subjects(0.65±0.12 mm vs 0.48±0.06mm,P<0.001),and greater in group of DM-B and DM-C than in group of DM-A.The ID of tibia artery were smaller in diabetic subjects than in controls (1.98±0.49mm vs 2.45±0.30mm,P<0.01),and smaller in DM-B and DM-C group than DM-A.Besides,multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that the risk factors for IMT and ID of tibia artery of type 2 diabetes were diabetic duration,total cholesterol levels,blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion.ConclusionIt can be concluded that microalbuminuria is related to atherosclerosis at early stage of the disease process.

Objective To investigate the associations between microalbuminuria and early atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes.Methods We measured the combined intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid arteries and the inner diameter (ID) of tibia artery with high resolution ultrasound in 30 type 2 diabetic patients,and compared with 13 age-matched non-diabetics as control.The diabetic patients were subgrouped into DM-A subjects whose urinary albumin excretion were normal,and DM-B subjects who were with microalbuminuria,and DM-C subjects who with macroalbuminuria.Results The results showed that the IMT values were greater in diabetic patients than in control subjects (0.65 ?0.12 mm vs 0.48?0.06mm, P

Objective Xenografts have poor biocompatibilities,the aim of this study was to improve the biocompatibilities of decellular xenografts via heparin/dihydroxy-iron complex multilayeres (HDCMs) nanomodification.Methods A novel thrombo-resistant surface for decellular xenograft had been developed by alternating linkage of dihydroxy-iron and heparin to decellular bovine jugular vein (DC-BJV),and surface characterization and biocompatibility of HDCMs nanomodified BJV (HDCMs-BJV) were detected.Results Toluidine blue colorimetric method showed the amount of linked heparin was about (808 ±86) μg/cm2 per assembly-cycle.SEM images proved HDCMs were uniformly linked to and formed nanoscale films around the fibrils of DC-BJV.Washing test proved HDCMs were firmly linked to BJV and sustainedly released heparin for a long time.Tensile test showed that biomechanical stability was increased.Antithrombogenicity test showed that the activated partial thrombin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) of all trial groups were above the normal reference ranges.Platelet adhesion test evaluated mean platelet count per 10 000 μm2 area was 8 ±4 for HDCMs-BJV vs.48 ± 16 for DC-BJV.Endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation test showed the number and activity of ECs on luminal surface of HDCMs-BJV were very similar to DC-BJV at 7-day incubation.Calcium content assay evaluated mean calcium content was ( 8.5 ± 1.9 ) μg/mg dry weight for HDCMs-BJV vs.(26.6 ± 3.7) μg/mg dry weight for DC-BJV at 4 weeks and (21.5 ± 6.8 ) μg/mg dry weight for HDCMsBJV vs.( 112.6 ± 16.9) μg/mg dry weight for DC-BJVs at 8 weeks,respectively.Conclusion These results demonstrate HDCMs were firmly linked to BJV and formed nanoscale thrombo-resistant films,and HDCMs nanomodification improves biocompatibilities of decellular xenograft.

e thickness and axial MPR images with 7 mm reformatted slice thickness is the optimal protocal.

Objective To investigate the time distribution characteristics and the epidemic trends of imported malaria cases in Yunnan Province. Methods The malaria case records and epidemiological history data of Yunnan Province were collected, and the local infection cases were excluded. The data were statistical analyzed. Results The imported malaria cases had a sig-nificantly seasonal periodicity(Q=26.574,P<0.05)and epidemic trends(Q=35.487,P<0.05). The imported peak was in May,while February was the lowest month of imported cases,and the difference was significant(Z=-2.619,P<0.05). The simple seasonal prediction model was the best model(R2= 0.677,BIC = 4.867)for forecast while the residual sequence was white noise(Q=14.226,P>0.05). By using the model to predict the cases in January,February and March of 2016,the num-ber(95％CI)were 29(7-50),22(0-44)and 31(8-54),and the actual number of imported malaria cases were 29,24 and 38 cases respectively and all cases were included in the 95％CI. Conclusion The imported malaria cases in Yunnan Province had a significantly seasonal periodicity and epidemic trends,and the established model has good prediction on the recent cases.

Objective To understand the geographical features of malaria in Yunnan Province,so as to provide the refer?ence for malaria elimination. Methods The data of malaria in Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2015 were collected and ana?lyzed. Results Totally 2 586 malaria cases were reported in Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2015,in which 274(10.60%) were local cases and 2 311(89.37%)were abroad imported,and one(0.03%)was domestic imported. The imported malaria cases and local cases were analyzed according to the sources and locations respectively,and the arithmetic means of the num?bers of imported and local cases were 96.29 and 10.96 respectively,the standard deviations of the numbers of imported and local cases were 421.18 and 19.12 respectively,and the difference of the means was not significant(Z=-0.326,P>0.10). Both the imported and local malaria cases could be clustered into five sections by the number of 5. The Herfendal?Hirshman indexes of the imported and local malaria cases were 8 121 and 1 598 respectively. Conclusions There is no significant difference of the distribution between the imported and local malaria cases,and they should be attaching equal importance. The non?uniform de?gree of imported cases is higher than that of the local cases,while both of them could be divided into five major clusters in the prevention and control work.

The heterogeneity and complexity of malaria involves political and natural environments, socioeconomic development, cross-border movement, and vector biology; factors that cannot be changed in a short time. This study aimed to assess the impact of economic growth and cross-border movement, toward elimination of malaria in Yunnan Province during its pre-elimination phase. Malaria data during 2011-2016 were extracted from 18 counties of Yunnan and from 7 villages, 11 displaced person camps of the Kachin Special Region II of Myanmar. Data of per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) were obtained from Yunnan Bureau of Statistics. Data were analyzed and mapped to determine spatiotemporal heterogeneity at county and village levels. There were a total 2,117 malaria cases with 85.2% imported cases; most imported cases came from Myanmar (78.5%). Along the demarcation line, malaria incidence rates in villages/camps in Myanmar were significantly higher than those of the neighboring villages in China. The spatial and temporal trends suggested that increasing per-capita GDP may have an indirect effect on the reduction of malaria cases when observed at macro level; however, malaria persists owing to complex, multi-faceted factors including poverty at individual level and cross-border movement of the workforce. In moving toward malaria elimination, despite economic growth, cooperative efforts with neighboring countries are critical to interrupt local transmission and prevent reintroduction of malaria via imported cases. Cross-border workers should be educated in preventive measures through effective behavior change communication, and investment is needed in active surveillance systems and novel diagnostic and treatment services during the elimination phase.

OBJECTIVE: To improve the hemocompatibility of decellular vascular matrix via heparin-iron complex multilayers (HICMs) nanomodification. METHODS: A novel thrombo-resistant surface for decellular xenograft was developed by alternating linkage of dihydroxy-iron and heparin to decellular bovine jugular vein (DC-BJV), and its surface characterization, biomechanical stability and hemocompatibility were detected by scanning electron microscopy, tensile test and hemocompatibility evaluation, respectively. RESULTS: A toluidine blue colorimetric method indicated the amount of linked heparin was about (808±86) μg/cm2 per assembly-cycle. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images proved that HICMs were uniformly linked to and formed nanoscale films around the fibrils of DC-BJV. Toluidine blue staining histologic images showed that HICMs were linked mainly to DC-BJV surfaces. Washing test showed that the release of heparin was (281±43), (422 ± 60), (729±81), (1053±116), (1317±157), (1618±187) and (1945 ± 268 ) μg/cm(2) at 1 day, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 week washing, respectively. Tensile tests showed an increased biomechanical stability. Hemocompatibility evaluations showed that PT and APTT of all the trial groups were above the normal reference ranges and that mean platelet count per 10000 μm2 area was 8±4 for HICMs layer-by-layer modified BJV (LBL-BJV) vs 48±16 for DC-BJV. CONCLUSION HICMs are firmly linked to DC-BJV, and can form nanoscale thrombo-resistant films, which yield a sustained release of heparin. HICMs nanomodification improves the hemocompatibility of decellular xenograft.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Cattle ; Cell-Free System ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Heparin ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Iron ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Jugular Veins ; Nanostructures ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Surface Properties ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Transplantation, Heterologous