Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness on the prevention of behavior problems of life skills education combining school-based and parent-involved approaches for third-grade students in China.Methods:This research was targeted at the population of third-grade children in two elementary schools in Qinhuangdao City,Hebei Province.Nine regular school classrooms were randomly divided into three groups:the intervention group(n=208),internal control group(n=209) and external control group(n=204).The intervention included 26-hour competence promotion for students and 5-hour parent training.The Rutter Scale by parent and teacher were used to evaluate the effects at pretest,posttest and 6-month follow-up.Results:Improvement was observed among children in the intervention group than those in the control groups.The statistical difference was significant(P

ObjectiveTo study the validation of rehabilitation for deaf children with multichannel cochlear implant and to explore the relationship between the age and the rehabilitation effectiveness, and the change of the effectiveness over time.Methods24 prelingually deafened children with multichannel cochlear implant were investigated. And they were divided into two groups (more than 3 years old and less than 3 yeas old). The validation of rehabilitation was assessed in different times before the operation, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months after the operation.ResultsThe longer the rehabilitation, the better the validation(P<0.05). The speed of the first group (more than 3 yeas old) is slower than the other group by the time(P<0.05).ConclusionDeaf children with cochlear implant may take more rehabilitation training after the operation.

Objective To investigate the relationship of the clinical characteristics and the Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy.Methods Clinical presentation (age,gender,course of disease,blood pressure,hematuria,24-hour proteinuria,serum creatinine,serum albumin,triglyceride,cholesterol,and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)),pathological data (mesangial hypercellularity,endocapillary hypercellularity,segmental sclerosis or adhesions,tubular atrophy or interstitial fibrosis,artery score,and cellular + fiberocellular crescents) and their correlation of 192 patients with IgA nephropathy patients were analyzed.Results (1)Clinically,hematuria + albuminuria type was the most common among 192 the patients with IgA nephropathy (72 cases,37.5％) followed by nephrotic syndrome (42 cases,21.9％),renal insufficiency (29 cases,15.1％),hypertension (72 cases,37.5％).(2)M1 was 60.0％,E1 was 55.2％,S1 was 46.9％,T0,T1,T2 were 59.9％,22.9％,and 17.2％,respectively,small artery thickening was 46.9％,patients with cellular + fiberocellular crescents wais 48.5％.Some pathology features were related to age.(3)Proteinuria was associated with the mesangial hypercellularity score,endocapillary hypercellularity,segmental sclerosis or adhesions,and tubular atrophy or interstitial fibrosis and cellular + fiberocellular crescents.Blood pressure and renal function were associated with segmental sclerosis or adhesions,tubular atrophy or interstitial fibrosis,small artery thickening and cellular + fiberocellular crescents.Conclusions The Oxford classification has a good clinical guide of treatment and prognosis of IgA nephropathy.

Objective To evaluate the hepatic pathological damage after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats with integrated backscatter (IBS). Methods Thirty-two SD rats and 40 Wistar rats were included, and stable OLT models were established except 8 Wistar rats as blank group. The rat models were randomly divided into 4 groups (each n=8):normal group (given no treatment), CsA-treated group (30 mg/[kg·d]), SIN-treated group (40 mg/[kg·d]), SIN and CsA-treated group (SIN 40 mg/[kg·d]+CsA 15 mg/[kg·d]). Hepatic IBS (peak to peak intensity:PPI; average image intensity:AII; standard deviation of image intensity:SDI) was measured on 4th and 10th day after OLT. The rats were sacrificed and a part of liver was cut off for pathological examination. Result Four days later, AII of control and SIN groups were higher than those in other groups (P<0.05), and of CsA-treated and SIN+CsA-treated groups were higher than that of blank group (P＜0.05), while no difference of PPI and SDI was detected between each two groups. Ten days later, AII in CsA-treated, SIN+CsA-treated and SIN-treated groups were lower than that of control group (P＜0.05), no difference of PPI and SDI was detected between each two groups. IBS was positively correlated with liver pathological damage (r=0.814, P＜0.01). Conclusion Detecting hepatic IBS contributes to the diagnosis of the level of liver damage after OLT.

Objective: To study the expression and activity changes of methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) in human peripheral T lymphocytes. Methods: The expression of MAT mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and the activity of MAT was measured. Results: After stimulated by IL-2, PHA and anti-CD3 antibody, MAT-Ⅱ gene expression increased by (8.9? 2.1), (7.7?1.9) and (8.0?1.8) times, respectively, and the expression peak was at 8, 4 and 8 h,respectively; MAT activity continuously increased in 48 h. S-adenosylmethioinie (SAM) moderately induced IL-2 and IFN secretion by human T cells. SAM(0.1 mg/ml) downregulated the expression and activity of MAT-Ⅱ and the secretion of IL-2 and IFN induced by PHA or anti-CD3 antibody in human T cells. Conclusion:MAT is involved in the activation of T lymphocytes, and high dose of SAM may also inhibit its activation through PHA and anti-CD3 antibody.

Objective To observe the role of the health education model in pain self- efficacy for patients with cancer pain. Methods Sixty- four patients suffering from cancer pain were enrolled into the study and self- contrast experiment was made on each patient. The health education model was set up and health education for each patient with cancer pain was implemented. The pain, self- efficacy, cancer pain knowledge before and after the intervention were observed by Numerical Rating Scale (NRS),Chronic Pain Self- efficacy Scale(CPSS) and Cancer Pain Knowledge Questionnaire. Results NRS score were (5.38 ±0.19) points and (1.05 ± 0.11) points before and after the intervention, and there was significant difference (t =25.288, P = 0.000). Before intervention, pain management self- efficacy, physical function self- efficacy, symptom coping self- efficacy of CPSS scores were (10.38 ±0.37) , (20.97±0.81) , (16.86 ± 0.49) points, while after the intervention, the scores were (19.31± 0.30) , (33.25 ± 0.60) , (29.75 ±0.51) points, there were significant differences ( t = -33.225, -18.236, -18.235, all P = 0.000). Before and after the intervention, the answer rate of Cancer Pain Knowledge Questionnaire was 50.00%(32/64) and 87.50%(56/64), there was significant difference( χ2=20.51, P < 0.01). Conclusions To set up the health education model and implement health education for each patient with cancer pain can improve the patient′s pain management and enhance self-efficacy.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of dosing transdermal fentanyl patch by patient-controlled intravenous anal-gesia (PCIA) with fentanyl to treat opioid-naive patients suffering from cancer-related pain. Methods:In this open non-controlled trial, 30 patients with moderate to severe cancer pain were enrolled in the study. Titration conditions, pain score (NRS), and pain of life im-pact scores were assessed and recorded during four periods of treatment, as follows:before fentanyl-PCIA;during fentanyl-PCIA treat-ment;during Duragesic with fentanyl-PCIA treatment;and during Duragesic treatment. Adverse reactions were assessed and recorded during the two periods of treatment (the period before fentanyl-PCIA and the period after fentanyl-PCIA). Results:A total of 20 cases of titration were a success, whereas 10 cases failed. The general pain score, the most serious pain score, activity pain score, resting pain score, and the pain of life impact scores were all significantly reduced during fentanyl-PCIA treatment, during Duragesic with fen-tanyl-PCIA treatment, and during Duragesic treatment compared with the period before fentanyl-PCIA treatment (P<0.05). Nausea was the only adverse reaction that occurred during treatment. Obvious muscle rigidity, loss of consciousness, cough, respiratory depres-sion, and bradycardia were not observed. Conclusion:Dose titration of transdermal fentanyl patch with fentanyl administrated by PCIA for opioid-naive patients provides an effective and convenient method for pain relief treatment.

Objective To get minimally invasive and cosmetic effect,minimal incision was used in thyroid surgery.Methods By using MPBS series instruments,thyroid surgeries were performed through anterior cervical tiny incision approach.Results 164 cases of subtotal theroidectomy and 78 cases of thyroid individual lobe resection were performed.The length of incision were(2.0 ± 0.5)cm,and the duration of operation time were(40 ± 10)min.the volume of blood loss were(30 ± 10)ml.There was no conversion to traditional open operation.After 3 years follow-up,short and long term complications were not found.Conclusions Minimally incision thyroid surgery has advantages of less trauma,cosmetic effect and does not compromise the safety.The disadvantages of this method is limited operative field and inconvenience for operation,which need to be further improved.

Fracture problem of orthodontic wires was discussed in this paper. The calculation formulae of bending stress and tensile stress were obtained. All main factors that affect bending stress and tensile stress of orthodontic wires were analyzed and discussed. It was concluded that the main causes of fracture of orthodontic wires were fatigue and static disruption. Some improving proposals for preventing fracture of orthodontic wires were put forward.
Dental Alloys ; Elasticity ; Equipment Failure Analysis ; Mechanics ; Orthodontic Wires ; Tensile Strength

OBJECTIVETo explore the biomarkers for monitoring trinitrotoluene (TNT) exposure, the relationship between TNT hemoglobin adducts and TNT exposed level.

METHODHemoglobin adducts (4A-Hb and 2A-Hb) were determined by GC-MS in 25 TNT exposed workers. TNT exposed level was evaluated by determining skin contaminated and inhaled TNT levels. The correlation between hemoglobin adducts level and TNT exposed level was analyzed.

RESULTSThere was a correlation between total TNT exposure level, especially skin exposure level, and 4A-Hb or 2A-Hb content. No significant difference was found between the slopes and intercepts of lin ear equation of (4A-Hb) vs TNT exposed level and linear equation of (4A-Hb +2A-Hb) vs TNT exposed level (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSkin contamination is the major role of TNT exposure. TNT exposed level can be evaluated by determining the content of both 4A-Hb and 2A-Hb, and 4A-Hb is more suitable for monitoring TNT exposure.

Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Hemoglobins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Skin ; drug effects ; Trinitrotoluene ; metabolism