Radiation fibrosis of human normal tissues is very common in radiotherapy. One of the main fundamental problems yet unsolved in fibrotic tissues is the origin of the chronic activation of myofibroblasts within these tissues. It has been postulated by some researchers that this chronic activation results from a continuous production of activating factors. So fibrosis could be defined as a wound where continuous signals for repair are emitted. Cytokines and growth factors probably play a vital role in this process. Among them transforming growth factor ?1(TGF ?1) is considered as a master switch for the fibrotic program. This review discusses recent evidence on the critical role played by TGF ?1 in the initiation, development, and persistence of radiation fibrosis. It summarized the results concerning this factor after irradiation of various tissues and cells. All these researches show that the TGF ?1 pathway may be a specific target for anti fibrotic agents. [

Objective To effectively combine the results of resting state regional homogeneity(ReHo) fMRI studies in depression.Methods Literatures between 2003-2016 on fMRI of depression in PubMed,Web of Knowledge,EBSCO host medline,CNKI,CQVIP and Wanfang Med Online were taken as research objects.Screening the relevant data according to the included and excluded standard,then,software of AES-SDM was employed to do Meta analysis,in addition,the age,gender,duration of disease,the year of education and treatment were also analyzed.Results 23 articles met the standard,including 1 036 cases,of which 507 for the depression group,529 for the control group.Meta analysis showed the significant ReHo abnormalities of Default Mode Network(DMN) which centers on left precuneus,left superior frontal gyrus and right cingulate gyrus,in addition,left lenticular nucleus,left postcentral gyrus,left cerebellum and left fusiform gyrus had significant ReHo differences.In the regression analysis,gender,age,duration of disease,years of education,disease severity were all affected factors.The difference of cingulate gyrus was the most stable,and the duration of the disease significantly affected cingulate gyrus (SDM =2.777).Conclusion The abnormalities of DMN which centers on left precuneus,left,medial superior frontal gyrus and right cingulate gyrus are the most consistent in depression,the DMN is closely related to depression.

Objective To investigate the value of end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PET CO2 )in fluid resuscitation in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)patients.Methods SAP patients under mechanical ventilation with the need of a fluid challenge test were included.Hemodynamic parameter cardiac index(CI)and PET CO2 were conducted before and after the fluid challenge test.The value of ΔPET CO2 was used to predict fluid responsiveness. Results Totally 43 patients with SAP were prospectively recruited.31 patients had volume responsiveness, 12 patients had no volume responsiveness.Compared with no volume responsiveness group,volume responsiveness group led to a greater increase in ΔCI[(0.9 ±0.3)vs.(0.2 ±0.3),t =3.24,P <0.05]and ΔPET CO2 [(4.1 ± 1.9)vs.(0.7 ±1.2),t =4.01,P <0.05].ΔPET CO2 and ΔCI were correlated(r =0.74,P <0.05).The area under ROC curve of ΔPET CO2 was 0.872(95% CI 0.754 ~0.923,P <0.05).An increase of 5% in ΔPET CO2 predicted fluid responsiveness with a sensitivity of 86.7%,and specificity of 89.5%.Conclusion The change of ΔPET CO2 induced by fluid challenge test is an effective way to predict fluid responsiveness in SAP patients.

Background and purpose: The position of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) expression during cell division is in the cytoplasm. It is a catalytic enzyme to convert deoxythymidine into thymidylate. It is the key enzyme of pyrimidine salvage pathway. The aim of this study was to analyze the serum expression level of TK1 in patients with breast cancer, and explore the application of serum TK1 test in clinical assessments of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for breast cancer. Methods: Patient data were collected from the patients admitted in Comprehensive Breast Health Center at Rui Jin Hospital. Chemiluminesence dot blot assay was used to detect serum TK1 levels in 145 breast cancer patients and 55 patients with breast ifbroadenoma. The correlations of serum TK1 levels with breast tumor biological behavior was further studied. Results:Serum TK1 expression levels was signiifcantly increased in breast cancer patients [(2.749±0.122)pmol/L] when compared to breast fibroadenoma patients[(1.319±0.126)pmol/L, P<0.000 1]. Serum TK1 levels were statistically increased in patients with lymph node metastasis (P=0.049), distal metastasis (P=0.003 1), and late TNM stages (P=0.01). No serum TK1 level differences were found in patients with different ages (P>0.05), different tumor grades (P=0.453) and different tumor size (P=0.908). Preoperative imaging results including breast ultrasound, breast mammography and breast magnetic resonance were analyzed by assessments of BI-RADS category, and serum TK1 levels in patients with different BI-RADS categories were studied. Serum TK1 levels in patients with breast ultrasound BI-RADS categories 4C-6 were signiifcantly higher than those with category 0-4B (P<0.001). Consistently, the serum TK1 levels in patients with MR BI-RADS categories 4C-6 were higher than categories 0-4B (P=0.005). The serum TK1 levels in patients with mammography BI-RADS categories 4C-6 were higher than categories 0-4B (P=0.032). The serum TK1 levels were signiifcantly increased in patients with ER high expression in breast tumor tissues than those with low expression (P=0.034). Serum TK1 levels had no differences in patients with different expression levels of PR, HER-2 and MIB-1 (P>0.05). Most patients were followed up in our outpatient department for about 2 years. No progression-free survival differences were found in 2years. Conclusion:Serum TK1 test might be a potential tool for screening, prognosis determination and effect evaluations of targeted therapy in breast carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the effect of preoperative radiotherapy and postoperative brachy radiotherapy (POBRT) on patients with primary liver cancer(PLC). Methods 50 patients with PLC were randomly divided into 2 groups:(1)Radiotherapy group, 25 patients who underwent preoperative radiotherapy 14～17 days before hepatectomy and POBRT 3～10 days after hepatectomy ;(2)Control group,25 cases who underwent hepatectomy only. In radiotherapy group, before heptectomy, the single-dose 6Gy per time and 3 sessions were given to each patient. 3～6 ductus were placed for POBRT during operation,and 10Gy of POBRT per time and 2～4 sessions were given postoperatively. In control group,no radio cherapy was given before and after hepatectomy. Results In radiotherapy group, the cancer shrank significantly after preoperative radiotherapy (P

Objective: To analyze the differences in low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) between patients with schizophrenia (SC) and healthy controls so as to further explore the pathogenesis of schizophrenia by correlating with clinical symptoms and inflammatory cytokines. Methods: We recruited 38 SC patients and 35 demographically matched healthy subjects. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS). After high-resolution fMRI scanning, data processing and analysis for brain imaging (DPABI) was used to find potential differences in fALFF between the two groups. A Pearson correlation model was used to analyze the associations of functional changes with clinical symptoms and inflammatory cytokines. DPABI software and SPSS 22.0 software were used for data analysis and GRF (P<0.05) theory for multiple comparison correction. Results: ① Compared to the healthy controls, SC patients had significantly increased fALFF values in the bilateral putamen and the right cingulum, but decreased fALFF values in the left precuneus and the left superior frontal gyrus. ② The levels of TNF-α, CCL2, IL-β, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher in SC group than in the control group (z=-3.301, P=0.001; z=-3.053, P=0.002; z=-5.429, P<0.001; z=-6.562, P<0.001; z=-4.537, P<0.001; z=-2.153, P=0.031). ③ The fALFF values of the left putamen of SC group were significantly correlated with the total scores of PANSS (Left: r=0.409, P=0.025; Right: r=0.428, P=0.019). The fALFF values of the left precuneus of SC group were significantly correlated with the levels of IL-4 (r=-0.412, P=0.026); the fALFF values of right cingulum of SC group were significantly correlated with the levels of TNF-α (r=0.392, P=0.035). Conclusion: Abnormalities in inflammatory cytokines and partial brain regions are found in SC patients. More importantly, the left putamen and the right cingulum are associated with disease symptoms and inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that these regions play an important role in the pathogenesis of SC.

OBJECTIVETo explore the combined anti-tumor effect of radiation therapy and gene-targeted suppression of tumor neovasculature in lung adenocarcinoma in vivo, and to explore the feasibility of micro-PET/CT in dynamic evaluation of treatment effectiveness.

METHODSThirty 5-6-week old male BALB/c nude mice were used in this study. The mouse models of xenotransplanted human lung adenocarcinoma were divided into 5 groups at random, six mice in each group: the control group, radiation treatment alone group and three groups of recombinant baculovirus plus radiation treatment (intratumoral injection, tail vein injection, and intramuscular injection). The tumor volume was measured every 2 days. Growth delay time (GD) and growth inhibition rate was calculated. FDG metabolism was evaluated by micro-PET-CT before and after treatment. The expressions of VEGF, CD31 and Ki-67 were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC).

RESULTSThe tumor growth delay was >12 days, and the tumor inhibition rate was >45% in the recombinant baculovirus combined with radiotherapy groups, significantly higher than that of the radiotherapy alone group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expressions of VEGF, CD31 and Ki-67 were significantly lower than that in other groups (P < 0.05). The micro-PET-CT assessment showed that the FDG-metabolism in the recombinant baculovirus combined with radiotherapy groups was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and the SUVmax (FDG metabolism) of transplanted tumors after treatment was also markedly decreased in comparison with that of the control group. The tumor volume after treatment was significantly correlated with SUVmax in the recombinant baculovirus intratumoral injection + radiotherapy group(r = 0.976), recombinant baculovirus intravenous injection + radiotherapy group (r = 0.954), recombinant baculovirus intramuscular injection + radiotherapy group (r = 0.929), and radiotherapy alone group (r = 0.871, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe recombinant baculovirus containing Egr1 promoter and K5 gene combined with radiotherapy enhances the suppressing effect on the growth of lung adenocarcinoma in the tumor-bearing nude mice. The inducibility of Egr1 promoter by radiation allows the targeting and controllability of treatment. Micro-PET-CT results have a good correlation with the treatment effectiveness. Therefore, it can be used in real-time evaluation of tumor metabolic function in vivo.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Animals ; Baculoviridae ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Early Growth Response Protein 1 ; genetics ; physiology ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Male ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Peptide Fragments ; genetics ; physiology ; Plasminogen ; genetics ; physiology ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Random Allocation ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tumor Burden ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the difference of Wechsler's cognitive test and its influencing factors in first-episode depression patients with and without sleep disorder.Methods 156 patients with de-pression were divided into two groups according to their sleep conditions,including sleep disorder group(n=77)and non-sleep disorder group(n=79).Wechsler Intelligence Scale(WAIS)and Wechsler Memory Scale(WMS)were used to assess the cognitive function,while Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD-17) were used to assess depressive symptoms.Results (1)Sleep disorders group had lower scores on verbal IQ (95.51±16.45),performance IQ(90.94±13.87),FIQ scores(92.48±15.49)than those in the non-sleep disorder group((105.59±15.20),(96.19±13.62),(101.20±14.70)respectively),the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Sleep disorder group had lower scores in immediate memory(10.47 ± 3.88),short-term memory(49.87±14.35)and memory quotient(87.90±18.25)than those in the non-sleep disorder group((11.86±3.47),(56.52±13.03),(97.27±18.76)respectively),the differences were statisti-cally significant(all P<0.05).(2)Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that education and age ex-plained 24% of variance in verbal IQ(F=21.258,P<0.01).Education,sleep disorder factors explained 12.9% of variation in performance IQ(F=9.825,P<0.01).Education,sleep disorder factors explained 22.3% of variance in total IQ(F=22.847,P<0.01).Education,age,sleep disorder factors explained 28.4%of variation in short-term memory(F=23.850,P<0.01).Education and age explained 20.4% of variation in immediate memory(F=18.10,P<0.01).Education and sleep disorder factors explained 21.9% of variation in memory quotient(F=26.162,P<0.01).Conclusion The intelligence and memory impairment in first-epi-sode depression patients with sleep disorders is more serious,and the education,sleep disorder and age are the most important factors.