In 2001, there were 37 outbreaks of measles with various sizes in the Northern region. 36 out of 37 outbreaks were confirmed by MAC-ELISA. Percentage of positive sera was 86.3%. The measles outbreaks became more seriously in mountainous areas. The measles cases occurred all the year, and focused on January to May, with the peaks were January and February. The distribution of measles by age group has changed to group of older children, with most of cases were in 5-15 age group. 64.5% of measles cases were not immunization. The ratio of non-immunization to immunization increased with age group
Measles ; Diseases ; Child

The serology epidemiological investigation on 2-10 years old children in 3 geographic areas of Thanh Hoa province after immunized by oral OPV vaccine showed a rate of protective antibody of 76.5% to all 3 types. There is no difference in the rate of children having protective antibody to type 1 and 2 but type 3 in these 3 areas. A difference of GMT among children in 3 geographic areas, and the last level is in Yen Dinh district. GMT to each polio virus type was higher than the protective immunity level (>8)
Poliomyelitis ; Child ; Diseases ; epidemiology ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral

The study on 2530 cases of neonatal death in the hospitals of 28 northern provinces showed 44 cases of neonatal tetanus, among them 33 deaths. The diseases distributed in 17/28 provinces with a highest incidence (of 1000 live born infants) in Lang Son province. The cases distributed only in 40/306 districts and over all months in the year. They occurred in ethnic minority mothers did not receive adequate vaccines and 94$ of diseases occurred by contagious tool to cut ombilical cordon (6% cut by bambo tool)
Tetanus ; Diseases ; Patients ; Tetany

The study included 890 children from 2 to 10 years of age in Thanh Hoa province. The seroconversion rate to measles vaccine increased from 61% to 83% after the booster dose of measles vaccine. Antibody mean titer significantly increased from 14.9+/-10 PANBIO units to 18.6+/-7.6 PANBIO units. The increase was high significant in negative sera. Antibody mean titer varied by districts. However, antibody response to measles vaccine signigicantly increased after the 2nd dose of measles vaccine in all the districs
Measles Vaccine ; child

For 4 consecutive years 1997-2000, immunization with Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine produced by the NIHE has been extended into the 90 high risk districts of the Northern region. 1.219.779 out of 1.296.248 children aged 1-5 years were immunized with two doses of JE vaccine, a total of 94.1% and 833.199 out of 878.643 children aged 1-5 years were also immunized with a booster dose achieving a coverage of 94.83%. There were no complications reported after JE immunization. Disease surveillance results in these districts showed that: the incidence of JE has decreased each year and from 1995 to 2000 the incidence was reduced 2.4 times.
Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines ; Immunization

Vietnam has implemented the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) since 1981. Since 1986 the EPI has been accelerated. From that time, the proportion of full immunization coverage has steadily increased every year. The EPI has significantly impacted on the downward trend of all vaccine preventable diseases. In parallel with an increase of full immunization coverage, the incidences of the EPI target diseases have decreased each year. Especially, poliomyelitis has dramatically decreased from 559 cases in 1992 to 0 case in 1998. Neonatal tetanus has been eliminated since 1995 by achieving a rate below 1 per 1000 live births at the provincial level. Diphtheria is no longer a problem of community health. Measles has fallen by 47% between 1987-1998.
vaccines ; disease ; prevention & control

The rate of Japanese encephalitis in Gia L­¬ng district was 21.4/100000, higher 4-5 times than other regions in the country. The disease occurred mainly in children under 15 years. After first 3 years (1993-1995) of injection, the rate of Japanese encephalitis was not reduced due to the rate of vaccination. However, because the rate of vaccination was increasingly during 1996-1999, the morbidity rate was gradually reduced from 21.4/100000 (in 1993) to 12.3/100.000 (in 1996) and 1.4/100.000 (in 1999). After 7 years of vaccination there was only one case received 2 injections of Japanese encephalitis vaccine suffered Japanese encephalitis among 109 total cases of Japanese encephalitis. The efficacy of vaccine of institute of epidemiology and hygiene was 99.3%.
Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines ; Injections ; prevention & control

An outbreak of rubella occurred from 2nd March to 4th April, 2001, in three districts: Cau Giay, Tu Liem, Dong da of Ha Noi. There were 62 rubella cases aged from 1 to 25 years. Most of the cases were observed in age group 5-9 years (80,6%). The typical symptoms were fever (100%), rash (87,1%), itching (56,4%), coryza (35,5%). Serum samples from 9 cases were tested by MAC-ELISA, and all were positive.
Rubella ; Disease Outbreaks

After 10 years of implementing the program of neonatal tetanus elimination from 1992 to 2001 in the Northern region, the tetanus toxoid coverage for pregnant and for child bearing age women have always been maintained at greater than 84%. The incidence of NT per 1000 live births has decreased, from 0.23 in 1994 to 0.07 in 2001. The disease has been eliminated at provincial level since 1995 and at district level since 1999.
Tetanus ; Elimination Disorders

National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology combined with International Vaccine Institute to conduct a qualitative study on Japanese encephalitis immunization and control policy in Viet Nam in 2002. The study applied quick assess method including collection information from many source and interview. In 2 months, the study determined experienced lesson of Vietnam in giving Japanese encephalitis vaccine into open immunization program. The study showed that policy of Japanese encephalitis immunization in Vietnam was effect due to suitable strategies and correct decisions.
Encephalitis, Japanese ; Immunization