Objective To analyze the inpatient specialist capacity of a hospital during 2013-2014 in Beijing for its specialists development, based on relevant local specialist development.Methods Analyzing the inpatient specialist capacity using case mix index (CMI) and DRG numbers according to BJ-DRG grouping method.Each MDC of the hospital is divided into four types according to the status and development of inpatient specialist capacity.Results Of the 19 MDCs, 2 (such as nervous system disease) fall into type 1, 6 MDCs (such as neck, ears, nose, mouth, pharynx disease and dysfunction) into type 2, while 5 MDCs (such as female reproductive system diseases and dysfunction) into type 3, and 6 MDCs (such as pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum) into type 4.Condusion Most of the MDC inpatient specialist capacities of the hospital in question are at ranking high in Beijing, and such capacities for various MDC can be improved by all means.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between silence information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) acetylation during high glucose-induced cardiac microvascular endothelial cell injury.Methods:Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells of Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured.The cells at the logarithmic growth phase were selected and divided into 3 groups ( n=24 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group), high glucose group (HG group) and high glucose+ SIRT1 agonist SRT1720 group (HG+ SRT group). The cardiac microvascular endothelial cells were seeded in a 6- or 96-well cell culture plate at a density of 2×10 5 cells/ml.When the cell density reached 50%, the culture medium was then replaced with high-glucose (glucose 33 mmol/L) DMEM culture medium containing with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% double antibody in HG and HG+ SRT groups.In group HG+ SRT, 20 μmol/L SRT1720 was added simultaneously, and the cells were cultured at 37 ℃ in an incubator with 5% CO 2 for 24 h. The cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was detected using a spectrophotometer, the levels of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF-β) in the supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression of SIRT1, acetylated STAT3 (ac-STAT3) and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) was determined by Western blot. Results:Compared with C group, the cell viability and SOD activity were significantly decreased, levels of LDH, IL-6 and TNF-β in the supernatant were increased, expression of SIRT1 was down-regulated, and expression of ac-STAT3 and p-STAT3 was up-regulated in group HG and group HG+ SRT ( P<0.05). Compared with group HG, the cell viability and SOD activity were significantly increased, levels of LDH, IL-6 and TNF-β in the supernatant were decreased, expression of SIRT1 was up-regulated, and expression of ac-STAT3 and p-STAT3 was down-regulated in group HG+ SRT ( P<0.05). Conclusion:SIRT1 can alleviate high glucose-induced cardiac microvascular endothelial cell injury by promoting STAT3 deacetylation.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) pathway-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and the reduction of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by dexmedetomidine in mice by the in vivo experiment and the cell experiment. Methods:In the in vivo experiment, 20 healthy clean-grade male mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-30 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=5 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group S), sham operation+ dexmedetomidine group (group SD), cerebral I/R group (group IR) and cerebral I/R+ dexmedetomidine group (group IRD). Cerebral I/R was established by two-vessel occlusion plus hypotension.Dexmedetomidine 25 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 10 min of ischemia in group IRD and at the corresponding time point in group SD.Neurological function was assessed using modified neurological severity score at 1 h of reperfusion.The animals were then sacrificed and brain tissues were taken for determination of the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins such as immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein (BIP), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (EIF-2α), phosphorylated EIF-2α (p-EIF-2α), PERK and phosphorylated PERK (p-PERK) (by Wester blot). In the cell experiment, a mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line was selected and divided into 4 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), oxygen-glucose deprivation/restoration (OGD/R) group (group OGD/R), OGD/R+ dexmedetomidine group (group OGD/R+ D) and OGD/R+ ISRIB (PERK pathway inhibitor) group (group OGD/R+ ISRIB). Cells were exposed to 94%N 2-5%CO 2-1%O 2 and incubated in a low-glucose DMEM medium for 6 h followed by restoration to establish OGD/R model.At 30 min before OGD, dexmedetomidine (final concentration 5 mmol/L) was added in group OGD/R+ D, and ISRIB (final concentration 10 mmol/L) was added in group OGD/R+ ISRIB.After 12-h restoration was completed, the cell survival rate was detected by CCK-8 assay.At 24 of restoration, the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins was determined by Wester blot. Results:In the in vivo experiment, compared with group S, neurobehavioral score was significantly increased and the expression of BIP, p-EIF-2α and p-PERK in brain tissues was up-regulated in group IR ( P<0.05). Compared with group IR, neurobehavioral score was significantly decreased and the expression of BIP, p-EIF-2α and p-PERK in brain tissues was down-regulated in group IRD ( P<0.05). In the cell experiment, compared with group C, the expression of BIP, p-EIF-2α, PERK and p-PERK was significantly up-regulated, and the cell survival rate was decreased in group OGD/R ( P<0.05). Compared with group OGD/R, the expression of BIP, p-EIF-2α, PERK and p-PERK was significantly down-regulated, and the cell survival rate was increased in OGD/R+ D, OGD/R+ ISRIB groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group OGD/R+ ISRIB, the expression of PERK was significantly down-regulated ( P<0.05) and no significant change was found in the other parameters in group OGD/R+ D ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine reduces cerebral I/R injury may be related to inhibiting PERK pathway-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between silence information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in diabetic rats.Methods:SPF-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 200-220 g, were used in this study.Type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal 1% streptozotocin diluted in citrate buffer solution 60 mg/kg.The rats were continuously fed for 8 weeks after successful establishment of the model.Forty-two rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus were divided into 4 groups by a random number table method: diabetic sham operation group (DS group, n=6), diabetic myocardial I/R group (DIR group, n=12), diabetic myocardial I/R plus SIRT1 agonist SRT1720 group (DIR+ SR group, n=12) and diabetic myocardial I/R plus SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527 group (DIR+ EX group, n=12). Eighteen non-diabetic rats were divided into 2 groups by a random number table method: non-diabetic sham operation group (NS group, n=6) and non-diabetic myocardial I/R group (NIR group, n=12). The myocardial I/R model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120-min reperfusion in anesthetized rats.Blood samples were collected from the carotid artery immediately after the end of reperfusion for determination of serum troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Then the rats were sacrificed, and myocardial tissues were obtained for determination of myocardial infarct size (by TTC method) and expression of SIRT1, NLRP3 and IL-1β (by Western blot) and for microscopic examination of pathological changes of myocardial tissues (by HE staining). The percentage of myocardial infarct size was calculated. Results:Compared with group NS, the serum levels of cTnI, CK-MB and LDH were significantly increased, the expression of SIRT1 in myocardial tissues was down-regulated, and the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β was up-regulated in group NIR ( P<0.05). Compared with group DS, the serum levels of cTnI, CK-MB and LDH were significantly increased, the expression of SIRT1 in myocardial tissues was down-regulated, and the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β was up-regulated in group DIR ( P<0.05). Compared with group NIR, the percentage of myocardial infarct size and serum levels of cTnI, CK-MB and LDH were significantly increased, the expression of SIRT1 in myocardial tissues was down-regulated, the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β was up-regulated ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes were accentuated in group DIR.Compared with group DIR, the percentage of myocardial infarct size and serum levels of cTnI, CK-MB and LDH were significantly decreased, the expression of SIRT1 in myocardial tissues was up-regulated, the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β was down-regulated ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes were significantly attenuated in group DIR+ SR, and the percentage of myocardial infarct size and serum levels of cTnI, CK-MB and LDH were significantly increased, the expression of SIRT1 in myocardial tissues was down-regulated, the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β was up-regulated ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes were accentuated in group DIR+ EX. Conclusion:The up-regulated expression of SIRT1 can inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and produces endogenous protection during myocardial I/R in diabetic rats.

Objective:To evaluate the role of c-Abl in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic rats.Methods:Sixty male SPF-grade healthy Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 7-9 weeks, weighing 210-230 g, were divided into 6 groups by a random number table method: sham operation group (S group, n=6), myocardial I/R group (IR group, n=12), diabetic sham operation group (DS group, n=6), diabetic myocardial I/R group (DIR group, n=12), diabetic myocardial I/R plus AVV9-siRNA-c-Abl group (DIR+ c-Abl group, n=12), and diabetic myocardial I/R plus AVV9-GFP group (DIR+ GFP group, n=12). One percent streptozotocin 60 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected to induce type 1 diabetes mellitus.AVV9-siRNA-c-Abl and AVV9-GFP 1×10 12 mg/kg were slowly injected at 4 weeks after establishing the model in DIR+ c-Abl and DIR+ GFP groups.Myocardial ischemia was induced by 30 min occlusion of left anterior descending branch (LAD) of coronary artery followed by 2 h reperfusion at 8 weeks after establishing the model.At the end of reperfusion, left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and the maximum rate of increase and decrease of left ventricular systolic pressure (±dp/dt max) were monitored, and blood samples were collected for determination of the concentrations of serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)and myocardial infarct size (except group S and group DS). Myocardial tissues were obtained for determination of the apoptosis index of cardiomyocytes(by TUNEL staining), expression of c-Abl, p53 and activated caspase-3 (by Western blot), and binding of c-Abl and p53 (c-Abl/p53) (by co-immunoprecipitation method). Results:LVSP and ±dp/dt max were significantly decreased, serum LDH and CK-MB concentrations were increased, apoptosis index and c-Abl/p53 were increased, and the expression of c-Abl, p53 and activated caspase-3 was up-regulated in group IR when compared with group S and in group DIR as compared with group DS ( P<0.05). Compared with group DIR, the LVSP and ± dp/dt max were significantly increased, serum LDH and CK-MB concentrations were decreased, myocardial infarct size was decreased, apoptosis index and c-Abl/p53 were decreased, and the expression of c-Abl, p53 and activated caspase-3 was down-regulated in group DIR+ c-Abl ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group DIR+ GFP ( P>0.05). Conclusion:c-Abl is involved in the pathophysiological process of myocardial I/R injury probably by activating p53 signaling pathway in diabetic rats.

Objective : To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory factors and endoplasmic reticulum stress in myocardial ischemia reperfusion indu~ced brain injury. Methods : Twenty⁃four SPF⁃grade healthy male SD rats , weighing (200 220) g and aged (6 8) weeks , were divided into three groups (n = 8) by random number table method : sham operation group ( S group) myocardial ischemia reperfusion group ( IR group) and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion + Dex group (IR + Dex group) . After the rats were adapted to the feeding environment , the myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury model was established by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery for 30 min and reperfusion for 120 min. At the beginning of reperfusion , IR + Dex group was given 25 μg/kg dexmedetomidine , S group and IR group were injected with equal volume normal saline. Rats were sacrificed by decapitation and brain tissue was taken and the changes of hippocampal cell structure of rats stained by HE were observed under light microscope. Serum inflammatory factors IL⁃6 , IL⁃8 and IL⁃10 were detected by ELISA. The expressions of Chop , Bip , p ⁃eif⁃2α and p ⁃perk in rat hippocampal tissues were determined by Western blot. Results : Compared with the S group , the IR group and the IR + Dex group showed aggravation of brain lesions , increased expression of inflammatory cytokines IL⁃6 and IL⁃8 (P < 0. 05) , and decreased expression of IL⁃10 ( P < 0. 05 ) . Hippocampal Chop , Bip , p ⁃eif⁃2α and p ⁃perk proteins were up⁃regulated ( P < 0. 05 ) . Compared with IR group , IR + Dex group showed reduced pathological injury , decreased expression of IL⁃6 and IL⁃8 (P < 0. 05) , increased expression of IL⁃10 (P < 0. 05) , and down⁃regulated expressions of Chop , Bip , p ⁃eif⁃2α and p ⁃perk in hippocampal tissues ( P < 0. 05 ) . Conclusion Dexmedetomidine preconditioning can reduce the brain injury caused by myocardial ischemia reperfusion , and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of systemic inflammatory response and endoplasmic reticulum stress.