AIM: To use seven parts cortex phellodendri and one part Rhizoma atractrylodis to extract mixedly,and study mouse's pharmacokinetic parameter of berberine derived from extract. METHODS: Evodiamine was taken as the marker,HPLC was used to determine berberine content in rat plasma. RESULTS: The linear range of rat's plasma sample was within 0.006 6-0.211 2 ?g/mL,RSD was little than 10%,detection limit was 0.0033 ?g/mL.The main pharmacokinetic parameters consisted of 2 h(T_max),0.183 mg/L(C_max),10.87 h(MRT_0-24),21.562?4.448(MRT_0-∞). CONCLUSION: Berberine in combination of cortex phellodendri and Rhizoma atractylodis can be quickly absorb and achieve the peak value,but metabolize slowly.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of superb microvascular imaging ( SM I ) , advanced dynamic flow ( ADF ) and color Doppler flow imaging ( CDFI) in breast microcarcinoma ,and to compare the correlation coefficients between these three indicators and postoperative pathological tumor microvascular density ( M VD ) . Methods A total of 85 patients ( 87 lesions ) with BI‐RADS 4 and the maximum diameter≤1 cm were selected ,of which ,46 lesions were benign ( benign group) and 41 lesions were malignant( malignant group) . All the patients and the corresponding lesions were examined by SM I , ADF and CDFI . Blood flow grading was performed on the images using Adler grade of blood flow ,and the difference of blood flow among the 3 methods was compared . T he expression level of M VD in pathological tumor tissues was detected and analyzed for its correlation with Adler classification by three detection techniques . Results T he areas under the ROC curve( AUR) of CDFI ,ADF and SM I were 0 .694 ,0 .705 and 0 .776 respectively based on the gold standard with pathological diagnosis . T he sensitivity ,specificity , positive predictive value ,negative predictive value ,and accuracy of CDFI were 78 .0% ,54 .3% ,60 .4% , 73 .5% ,and 65 .5% , respectively ; those of ADF were 75 .6% , 60 .9% , 63 .3% , 73 .7% and 67 .8% , respectively ; and those of SM I were 78 .0% ,69 .6% ,69 .6% ,78 .0% and 73 .6% ,respectively . T he Adler grades of CDFI , ADF and SM I were positively correlated with M VD ( P ＜ 0 .05 ) , w hich the highest correlation coefficient between SM I and M VD ( r ＝0 .430 , P ＜0 .001 ) . Conclusions SM I is superior to ADF and CDFI in detecting the abundance of breast microcarcinoma , and has the highest correlation coefficient among those 3 detection techniques with tumor pathological M VD ,which indicates that SM I may be used for differential diagnosis of breast microcarcinoma and indirectly evaluate the prognosis of patients .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the etiology of posttraumatic elbow stiffness and distinguish features of the patients by retrospective analyzing their records.

METHODSThis was a retrospective analysis of 553 patients with posttraumatic elbow stiffness who underwent arthrolysis performed in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 1997 to December 2013. The patients' clinical and radiographic results were collected, and encoded into a survey database.

RESULTSTotal 366 male and 189 female patients were treated by the same treating team. The average age of 553 cases was 35 years (12-76 years). And the largest number of >30-40 years old group was 166 (30.8%). There were 301 cases (54.4%) causing by low-energy injury and 227 cases (41.1%) by high-energy injury. The patients of extra-articular fractures and injuries were 60 cases (10.8%) with average 6.1 weeks' immobilization, and the patients of intra-articular fractures or dislocations were 493 cases (89%) with average 4.9 weeks' immobilization. The mean range of motion of extension and flexion was 30° (0°-110°). Four hundreds and fifty-seven patients (82.6%) were diagnosed with Heterotopic Ossification (HO), the other 96 patients without HO.

CONCLUSIONSElbow stiffness commonly occurs following trauma. More attention needs to pay on the treatment procedures for minor injuries, extra-articular fractures and simple intra-articular fractures. It is not appropriate to immobilize the elbow more than 3 weeks, even for those complicated elbow fracture and dislocation. Heterotopic ossification has significant negative impact on the function of elbow. However its pathogenesis is still not clear, which need more fundamental research.

Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; injuries ; physiopathology ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; Humans ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Joint Diseases ; Joint Dislocations ; Male ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of superb microvascular imaging(SMI), advanced dynamic flow(ADF) and color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) in breast microcarcinoma, and to compare the correlation coefficients between these three indicators and postoperative pathological tumor microvascular density(MVD). Methods: A total of 85 patients(87 lesions) with BI-RADS 4 and the maximum diameter≤1 cm were selected, of which, 46 lesions were benign(benign group) and 41 lesions were malignant(malignant group). All the patients and the corresponding lesions were examined by SMI, ADF and CDFI. Blood flow grading was performed on the images using Adler grade of blood flow, and the difference of blood flow among the 3 methods was compared. The expression level of MVD in pathological tumor tissues was detected and analyzed for its correlation with Adler classification by three detection techniques. Results: The areas under the ROC curve(AUR) of CDFI, ADF and SMI were 0.694, 0.705 and 0.776 respectively based on the gold standard with pathological diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of CDFI were 78.0%, 54.3%, 60.4%, 73.5%, and 65.5%, respectively; those of ADF were 75.6%, 60.9%, 63.3%, 73.7% and 67.8%, respectively; and those of SMI were 78.0%, 69.6%, 69.6%, 78.0% and 73.6%, respectively. The Adler grades of CDFI, ADF and SMI were positively correlated with MVD(P<0.05), which the highest correlation coefficient between SMI and MVD (r=0.430, P<0.001). Conclusions SMI is superior to ADF and CDFI in detecting the abundance of breast microcarcinoma, and has the highest correlation coefficient among those 3 detection techniques with tumor pathological MVD, which indicates that SMI may be used for differential diagnosis of breast microcarcinoma and indirectly evaluate the prognosis of patients.

Anemia, Aplastic ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Animals ; Antilymphocyte Serum ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Calcineurin Inhibitors ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; Swine