1.Cyber Bullying - A New Social Menace
Ng Chong Guan ; Sharmilla Kanagasundram ; Yee Hway Ann ; Tan Loong Hui ; Teoh Kar Mun
ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry 2016;17(1):1-12
jective: Cyber bullying is a combination of the word cyber and bullying where
cyber basically means the Internet or on-line. In this case, cyber bullying will
focus on getting in action with bullying by using the Internet or modern
technologies such as on-line chats, online media and short messaging texts
through social media. The current review aims to compile and summarize the
results of relevant publications related to “cyber bullying." The review also
includes discussing on relevant variables related to cyber bullying. Methods:
Information from relevant publications addresses the demographics, prevalence,
differences between cyber bullying and traditional bullying, bullying motivation,
avenues to overcome it, preventions, coping mechanisms in relation to “cyber
bullying” were retrieved and summarized. Results: The prevalence of cyber
bullying ranges from 30% - 55% and the contributing risk factors include
positive association with perpetration, non-supportive school environment, and
Internet risky behaviors. Both males and females have been equal weigh on
being perpetrators and victims. The older groups with more technology
exposures are more prone to be exposed to cyber bullying. With respect to
individual components of bullying, repetition is less evident in cyber bullying
and power imbalance is not measured by physicality but in terms of popularity
and technical knowledge of the perpetrator. Conclusion: Due to the limited
efforts centralized on the intervention, future researchers should focus on testing
the efficacy of possible interventional programs and the effects of different roles
in the intervention in ord
2.Validation of Malay Version of Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale: Comparison between Depressed Patients and Healthy Subjects at an Out-Patient Clinic in Malaysia
Chong Guan Ng ; Soo Cheng Chin ; Anne Hway Ann Yee ; Huai Seng Loh ; Ahmad Hatim SulLaiman ; Sherianne Sookuan Wong ; Mohamed Hussain Habil
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014;21(3):62-70
Background: The Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) is a self-assessment scale designed to evaluate anhedonia in various psychiatric disorders. In order to facilitate its use in Malaysian settings, our current study aimed to examine the validity of a Malay-translated version of the SHAPS (SHAPS-M).
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 44 depressed patients and 82 healthy subjects were recruited from a university out-patient clinic. All participants were given both the Malay and English versions of the SHAPS, Fawcett-Clark Pleasure Scale (FCPS), General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to assess their hedonic state, general mental health condition and levels of depression.
Results: The results showed that the SHAPS-M has impressive internal consistency (α = 0.96), concurrent validity and good parallel-form reliability (intraclass coefficient, ICC = 0.65).
Conclusion: In addition to demonstrating good psychometric properties, the SHAPS-M is easy to administer. Therefore, it is a valid, reliable, and suitable questionnaire for assessing anhedonia among depressed patients in Malaysia.