Objective To study the antagonistic effects of Ganoderma spore on mutation induced by NaNO2 in Drosophila melanogaster. Methods After 24 hours of starvation,male Drosophila melanogaster were transferred to the culture bottles with medium with NaNO2 of 0,0.001,0.01,0.05 and 0.1 g/L for 24 hours and then cultured with female Drosophila melanogaster for 7 days. Male Drosophila melanogaster were treated with NaNO2 at the doses of 0,0.01,0.001 g/L for 24 hours and then transferred to the medium with Ganoderma spores at the dose of 0.2%,1%,2%,cultured with female Drosophila melanogaster for 7 days. The distilled water was used as the negative control. The amount of F1 generation and the mutation of the F1 generation were calculated. Results The mutation Drosophila melanogaster were mainly vestigial,some had malformation with white body and strange eyes. Compared with the negative control group,the count of offspring decreased,the rate of mutation proved positively correlated to the concentration of NaNO2. High dose of sporoderm-unbroken spores could cause a decrease of number of offspring. Compared with the negative control group,the mutation in the group of 0.1,0.01 g/L NaNO2 with 0.2% sporoderm-unbroken spores was much higher (P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of long-term administration of tamsulosin hydrochloride 0.2 mg once daily in patients with LUTS of BPH. Methods Patients with LUTS of BPH enrolled in a 4-week placebo run-in period, then 60-week open-label study. Tamsulosin hydrochloride 0.2 mg was administered before breakfast every day during the period of the study. The efficacy and safety parameters were evaluated at the end of treatment period Ⅰ (0-12 weeks). If IPSS was improved by 25% or more, the administration of tamsulosin hydrochloride was continued during treatment period Ⅱ (13-60 weeks). If the improvement rate less than 25%, the patients received concomitant medication of finasteride 5 mg once daily during treatment period Ⅱ. The primary parameters assessed to determine efficacy were the International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS) and maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax). Results A total of 113 patients were recruited in the study, and 111 patients completed treatment period Ⅰ , and 95 patients completed treatment period Ⅱ. After treatment period Ⅰ , average IPSS was decreased by 4.1 and average Qmax was increased by 1.7 ml/s(P＜0.05). Tamsulosin hydrochloride produced a great improvement in average Qmax (3.0 ml/s, 27.7%)and a significant decrease in average IPSS (6.4,30.3%) after 60-week treatment. Significant improvements were also produced in average urinary flow rate and average residual urine volume. There was no significant difference in changes in IIEF-5 score and the prostate volume after treatment with tamsulosin hydrochloride. During the study period, 13 patients experienced 24 adverse events, and the incidence of adverse event was 11.5%. No serious adverse event and significant changes of the data of laboratory examination were recorded during the study. Conclusions Long-term tamsulosin hydrochloride therapy is a safe, effective and well-tolerated method in improving symptoms and quality of life in patients with LUTS of BPH. Tamsulosin hydrochloride can be used as the conventional drug in the patients with LUTS suggestive of BPH.

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to observe and compare the influences of the casting alloy post and cores on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

METHODSSix casting alloy post and sores were fabricated for the experimental groups, and zirconia post and core served as the control. The seven types of post and cores were of the same size and shape. Each post and core was orally fastened to a volunteer and then imaged with sequences of T1-weighted spin echo imaging (SE-T1WI), T2-weighted turbo spin-echo imaging (TSE-T2WI), and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI).

RESULTSCobalt chromium alloy post and core generated severe artifacts, whereas gold palladium alloy post and core generated no obvious artifacts, and no difference was observed between the zirconia and the gold palladium alloy post and cores (P > 0.05). The pure titanium alloy post and core produced mild artifacts. The post and cores of the titanium, nickel-cadmium, and gold platinum alloys generated moderate artifacts with no significant differences (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDifferent metal post and cores have different influences on MRI. With the exception of that generated by cobalt chromium alloy, the artifact generated by the single-alloy post and core does not influence the image of the normal head and neck.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the volatile components in Descurainia sophia and Lepidium apetalum and compare its dif-ferences. METHODS:HS-SPME was conducted for extracting volatile components in D. sophia and L. apetalum,GC-MS was used for detecting components,and area normalization method was adopted for calculating relative content of each component. RE-SULTS:The volatile components in D. sophia and L. apetalum were 25 and 18,accounting for 75.76% and 64.29% of total vola-tile components,respectively,and chemical components with the highest contents were β-caryophyllene and O-tolunitrile. CON-CLUSIONS:The method is simple,reliable,and can be used for the analysis of volatile components in D. sophia and L. apetalum. The volatile components show great differences in the kinds and contents,the study can provide basis for rapid identification of D. sophia and L. apetalum.

Objective:To observe the influence of commonly used dental cast metal posts and cores on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)for head and neck.Methods:Six kinds of posts and cores made of metal alloy (Ni-Cr alloy,Co-Cr alloy,titanium alloy,pure titanium,Pd-Au alloy and Au-Pt alloy)were respectively fixed on the mucosa of left palate of a volunteer.The maxillofacial region of the subjects was scanned by routine head sequences SE-T1WI and TSE-T2WI respectively.Results:ANOVA of factorial design analy-sis indicated significant differences of artifacts among metal materials(F=153.63,P<0.05),scanning sequences(F=70.94,P<0.05)and the number of cast posts and cores(F=102.73,P<0.05).In both sequences the size of metal artifacts were as following:Pd -Au alloy>Co-Cr alloy>Ni-Cr alloy>Au-Pt alloy>titanium alloy>pure titanium;two posts and cores>one post and core;SE-T1WI>TSE-T2WI.Conclusion:Different cast metal posts and cores have different influences on MRI artifact.Reasonably choosing the metal materials and scanning sequences can minimize artifacts on MRI.

Objective:To analyze and compare the volatile components in vinegar-processed schisandrae sphenantherae fructus and vinegar-processed schisandrae chinesis fructus.Methods:The volatile components in vinegar-processed schisandrae sphenantherae fruc-tus and vinegar-processed schisandrae chinesis fructus were extracted by headspace solid phase-microextraction (HS-SPME) and quali-tatively analyzed by GC-MS.Results:Totally 20 kinds of constituents were identified from vinegar-processed schisandra sphenanthera fructus, which accounted for 99.55%of the total volatile components , and totally 21 kinds of constituents were identified from vinegar-processed schisandra sphenanthera fructus, which accounted for 99.90% of the total volatile components .Conclusion: The type and content of volatile components in vinegar-processed schisandrae sphenantherae fructus and vinegar-processed schisandrae chinesis fructus are quite different , and the study can provide scientific basis for the two traditional Chinese medicinal materials .

Objective To compare the sub-cellular proteome of isoniazid ( INH)-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) with that of sensitive strains for identifying of unique proteins of these strains and discussing their preliminary application in clinical diagnosis. MethodsProteins of cell wall and membrane of 5 INH-resistant strains and 5 INH-sensitive strains were extracted by density gradient centrifugation.The extracts were subsequently analyzed using weak cation exchange (WCX) liquid chromatography ( LC )followed reverse phase (RP) liquid chromatography to compare the sub-cellular protein patterns. A total of 1280 fractions were collected and identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS/MS). The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used for cell component and biological process analysis. Normalized Spectral Abundance Factors (NASF) was used for semi-quantity of protein expression. 5 proteins significantly up-regulated in INH-resistant strains and 2 proteins significantly up-regulated in INH-sensitive strains were selected for ELISA analysis with autologous sera respectively. Results A total of 347 proteins were identified. Cell component analysis showed that 58％ proteins were cells well or membrane proteins. Biological process analysis showed that 31％ proteins involved in carboxylic/monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic and metabolic process, 26％ and 15％ proteins involved in organic acid or fatty acid biosynthetic and metabolic process,while 28％ proteins involved in lipid biosynthetic , metabolic, transport and localization process. O-succinylbenzoate synthase, monooxygenase, hypothetical protein Rv2255c, nicotinate-nucleotide--dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase and membrane phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase cdsA were up-regulated in INH-resistant strains and fractions contained these proteins could elicit specific antibody response with autologous sera. The A450 was higher than that with INH-sensitive sera. The differences between the INH-resistant sera and the INH-sensitive sera were significant ( t = 0.028, 0.044, 0.066, 0.064, 0.083, all P＜0.01 ). Chain A of Rv2002 Gene Product and Chain A of Crystal Structure Of Rv2632c were up-regulated in INH-sensitive strains and fractions contained these proteins could elicit specific antibody response with autologous sera. The A450 was higher than that with INH-resistant sera. The differences between the INH-sensitive sera and the INH-resistant sera were significant (t=0.053, 0.073, both P＜0.05). ConclusionThe combination of density gradient centrifugation and 2D-LC MS/MS technology is useful in enrichment and identification of differential expressed proteins between INH-resistant and INH-sensitive strains at sub-cellular level. It is useful in finding antigens associated with INH-resistant MTB infection, which may prove useful for further study in the mechanism of INH resistant, as well as interaction between MTB and host.

Objective To assess the role of endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA)for diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract lesions.Methods Sixty-eight patients underwent endoscopic uhrasonagraphy and EUS-FNA between May 2007 and Dec.2008.The result of cytology and/or pathology was compared with that of surgical finding and follow-up study.Results EUS-FNA was successfully performed on 62 patients with lesiorm in oesophagus(4 eases),stomach(19 case),rectum(19 cases),liver(3 case),mediastinum(4 cases)and lymph node(13 cases),and had a successful rate of 91.18%(62/68).Among them,the lesions in 40 patients(64.52%)were cytologically confirmed.The lesions in 10 out of 22 patients(35.48%)were pathologically confirmed.Compared with the results of pathology and long-term followe-up study,the sensitivity,specificity and positive predictive value of EUSFNA in diagnosis of lesions in gastrointestinal tract was 85.48%,100.00%and 90.91%,respectively,The positive predictive value and negative predictive value was100.00%and 57.14%,respectively.Conclusion EUS-FNA is a safe,effective and accurate method for diagnosis of lesions in gastrointestinal tract,and has an important role in cytological diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the subtype distribution and sequence characteristics of HIV-1 strains prevalent among sexual infectors in Beijing. Methods We collected the blood samples from 100HIV sexual infectors in Beijing during 2008 and separated plasma specimens. RNA was extracted from the plasma and the gag gene was amplified by RT-PCR and nest-PCR. The PCR products were sequenced directly and phylogenetic analyses of gag gene was performed using the MEGA4 software. Results Among 100 HIV-1 plasma samples,84 gag gene fragments were amplified and analyzed. Eight HIV subtypes including B(22 strains), B'(8 strains),C( 1 strain) ,CRF01_AE (38 strains) ,CRF02_AG (2 strains) ,CRF07_BC(9 strains) ,CRF08_BC(3 strains) and C/CRF01_AE recombinant like strain( 1 strain) were identified circulating in Beijing. Conclusion CRF01 _AE and subtype B were predominant in Beijing account for 45.2% and 26.2% and the surveillance of HIV gene variation should be paid more attention.

Objective To study the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance caused by interleukin-6 (IL-6) in ovarian cancer cells and its related signal pathways. Methods Ovarian cancer cell lines A2780(IL-6 receptor positive, while non-IL-6-expressing and cisplatin/paclitaxel-responsive) and SKOV3 cell lines( overexpressing of IL-6 receptor and IL-6 and cisplatin/paclitaxel-resistant) were suitable models for this study. The effect of exogenous (a short period of treatment with recombination IL-6) and endogenous IL-6(by transfecting with plasmid encoding for sense IL-6 ) in A2780 cells or deleting of endogenous IL-6expression in SKOV3 cells (by transfecting with plasmid encoding for antisense IL-6) on the sensitivity to cisplatin and paclitaxel was investigated. Meanwhile, the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance caused by IL-6 in ovarian cancer cells and its related signal pathways were also analyzed. Results We found that both exogenous and endogenous IL-6 induce cisplatin and paclitaxel resistance in non-IL-6-expressing A2780 cells (the resistance multiple to cisplatin and paclitaxel was: exogenous, 6. 25 and 7.31; endogenous, 7. 13 -8. 34 and 7. 61 - 10. 70), while deleting of endogenous IL-6 expression in IL-6-overexpressing SKOV3 cells promotes its sensitivity to anticancer drugs ( the resistance multiple to cisplatin and paclitaxel was 0. 15 and 0. 10, 0. 10 and 0. 08). IL-6 significantly up-regulated the expression levels of mRNA and protein of drug resistance-associated genes, MDR1 and GST-π, and apoptosis-inhibiting genes, bcl-2, bcl-xL and XIAP in a dose-dependent manner in A2780 cells. In accordance with this finding, the mRNA and protein levels of MDR1 and GST-π enhanced in sense IL-6-transfected A2780 cells, and reduced in antisense IL-6-transfected SKOV3 cells compared with the corresponding parental and control vector-transfected cells, which had no difference. It was found that PD98059 [ mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signalregulated kinase (MEK) inhibitor ] and wortmannin [ phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor ]significantly antagonized IL-6-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( ERK ) and protein kinase B (Akt), respectively, and both of them blocked IL-6-induced cisplatin and paclitaxel resistance and the inhibitory effects of PD98059 and wortmannin were dependent on its concentration.Conclusions These data suggest that IL-6-induced chemoresistance may be associated with increase of both drug resistance-associated genes ( MDR1 and GST-π) and apoptosis-inhibiting genes ( bcl-2, bcl-xL and XIAP), and activation of MEK/ERK and PL3K/Akt. Therefore, modulation of IL-6 expression or its related signaling pathway may be a promising strategy of treatment for drug-resistant ovarian cancer.