Objective To study the antagonistic effects of Ganoderma spore on mutation induced by NaNO2 in Drosophila melanogaster. Methods After 24 hours of starvation,male Drosophila melanogaster were transferred to the culture bottles with medium with NaNO2 of 0,0.001,0.01,0.05 and 0.1 g/L for 24 hours and then cultured with female Drosophila melanogaster for 7 days. Male Drosophila melanogaster were treated with NaNO2 at the doses of 0,0.01,0.001 g/L for 24 hours and then transferred to the medium with Ganoderma spores at the dose of 0.2%,1%,2%,cultured with female Drosophila melanogaster for 7 days. The distilled water was used as the negative control. The amount of F1 generation and the mutation of the F1 generation were calculated. Results The mutation Drosophila melanogaster were mainly vestigial,some had malformation with white body and strange eyes. Compared with the negative control group,the count of offspring decreased,the rate of mutation proved positively correlated to the concentration of NaNO2. High dose of sporoderm-unbroken spores could cause a decrease of number of offspring. Compared with the negative control group,the mutation in the group of 0.1,0.01 g/L NaNO2 with 0.2% sporoderm-unbroken spores was much higher (P

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to observe and compare the influences of the casting alloy post and cores on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

METHODSSix casting alloy post and sores were fabricated for the experimental groups, and zirconia post and core served as the control. The seven types of post and cores were of the same size and shape. Each post and core was orally fastened to a volunteer and then imaged with sequences of T1-weighted spin echo imaging (SE-T1WI), T2-weighted turbo spin-echo imaging (TSE-T2WI), and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI).

RESULTSCobalt chromium alloy post and core generated severe artifacts, whereas gold palladium alloy post and core generated no obvious artifacts, and no difference was observed between the zirconia and the gold palladium alloy post and cores (P > 0.05). The pure titanium alloy post and core produced mild artifacts. The post and cores of the titanium, nickel-cadmium, and gold platinum alloys generated moderate artifacts with no significant differences (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDifferent metal post and cores have different influences on MRI. With the exception of that generated by cobalt chromium alloy, the artifact generated by the single-alloy post and core does not influence the image of the normal head and neck.

Objective:To observe the influence of commonly used dental cast metal posts and cores on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)for head and neck.Methods:Six kinds of posts and cores made of metal alloy (Ni-Cr alloy,Co-Cr alloy,titanium alloy,pure titanium,Pd-Au alloy and Au-Pt alloy)were respectively fixed on the mucosa of left palate of a volunteer.The maxillofacial region of the subjects was scanned by routine head sequences SE-T1WI and TSE-T2WI respectively.Results:ANOVA of factorial design analy-sis indicated significant differences of artifacts among metal materials(F=153.63,P<0.05),scanning sequences(F=70.94,P<0.05)and the number of cast posts and cores(F=102.73,P<0.05).In both sequences the size of metal artifacts were as following:Pd -Au alloy>Co-Cr alloy>Ni-Cr alloy>Au-Pt alloy>titanium alloy>pure titanium;two posts and cores>one post and core;SE-T1WI>TSE-T2WI.Conclusion:Different cast metal posts and cores have different influences on MRI artifact.Reasonably choosing the metal materials and scanning sequences can minimize artifacts on MRI.

Objective:To analyze and compare the volatile components in vinegar-processed schisandrae sphenantherae fructus and vinegar-processed schisandrae chinesis fructus.Methods:The volatile components in vinegar-processed schisandrae sphenantherae fruc-tus and vinegar-processed schisandrae chinesis fructus were extracted by headspace solid phase-microextraction (HS-SPME) and quali-tatively analyzed by GC-MS.Results:Totally 20 kinds of constituents were identified from vinegar-processed schisandra sphenanthera fructus, which accounted for 99.55%of the total volatile components , and totally 21 kinds of constituents were identified from vinegar-processed schisandra sphenanthera fructus, which accounted for 99.90% of the total volatile components .Conclusion: The type and content of volatile components in vinegar-processed schisandrae sphenantherae fructus and vinegar-processed schisandrae chinesis fructus are quite different , and the study can provide scientific basis for the two traditional Chinese medicinal materials .

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the volatile components in Descurainia sophia and Lepidium apetalum and compare its dif-ferences. METHODS:HS-SPME was conducted for extracting volatile components in D. sophia and L. apetalum,GC-MS was used for detecting components,and area normalization method was adopted for calculating relative content of each component. RE-SULTS:The volatile components in D. sophia and L. apetalum were 25 and 18,accounting for 75.76% and 64.29% of total vola-tile components,respectively,and chemical components with the highest contents were β-caryophyllene and O-tolunitrile. CON-CLUSIONS:The method is simple,reliable,and can be used for the analysis of volatile components in D. sophia and L. apetalum. The volatile components show great differences in the kinds and contents,the study can provide basis for rapid identification of D. sophia and L. apetalum.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of long-term administration of tamsulosin hydrochloride 0.2 mg once daily in patients with LUTS of BPH. Methods Patients with LUTS of BPH enrolled in a 4-week placebo run-in period, then 60-week open-label study. Tamsulosin hydrochloride 0.2 mg was administered before breakfast every day during the period of the study. The efficacy and safety parameters were evaluated at the end of treatment period Ⅰ (0-12 weeks). If IPSS was improved by 25% or more, the administration of tamsulosin hydrochloride was continued during treatment period Ⅱ (13-60 weeks). If the improvement rate less than 25%, the patients received concomitant medication of finasteride 5 mg once daily during treatment period Ⅱ. The primary parameters assessed to determine efficacy were the International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS) and maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax). Results A total of 113 patients were recruited in the study, and 111 patients completed treatment period Ⅰ , and 95 patients completed treatment period Ⅱ. After treatment period Ⅰ , average IPSS was decreased by 4.1 and average Qmax was increased by 1.7 ml/s(P＜0.05). Tamsulosin hydrochloride produced a great improvement in average Qmax (3.0 ml/s, 27.7%)and a significant decrease in average IPSS (6.4,30.3%) after 60-week treatment. Significant improvements were also produced in average urinary flow rate and average residual urine volume. There was no significant difference in changes in IIEF-5 score and the prostate volume after treatment with tamsulosin hydrochloride. During the study period, 13 patients experienced 24 adverse events, and the incidence of adverse event was 11.5%. No serious adverse event and significant changes of the data of laboratory examination were recorded during the study. Conclusions Long-term tamsulosin hydrochloride therapy is a safe, effective and well-tolerated method in improving symptoms and quality of life in patients with LUTS of BPH. Tamsulosin hydrochloride can be used as the conventional drug in the patients with LUTS suggestive of BPH.

Objective To observe and measure the anatomical structure of approach of vertical facial nerve canal and put forward the normal measurement range and the location relationship among the vertical segment of facial nerve canal, the posterior wall of external acoustic meatus and the rear edge of external ear,and discuss the relationship and clinical significance between the mastoid gasification and the vertical segment of facial nerve canal. Methods 1. Evaluate the accuracy of CT image of related structure, using spiral CT in scanning four skull specimens, get the horizontal distances of the vertical segment of facial nerve canal to the posterior wall of external acoustic meatus and the rear edge of external in the axial position, and get the sagittal diameter of mastoid (the horizontal distance from the lowest point of external auditory inferior canal to the rear edge of mastoid) and the height (the vertical distance between the lowest points of the external auditory canal wall to the mastoid tip) in the sagittal position. And then saw the skull specimens to measure the distance in the same lay with CT image, and discuss the statistics difference of the distance between the values of CT imaging measurements and the dry entities cranial measurements on hand. 2. Study on people: 118 patients (236 sides) with non-ear disorders were randomly selected, among which there were 63 females (126 sides) and 55 males (110 sides). They were subjected to maxillofacial CT scan in the same layer that used above, and the horizontal distances of the facial nerve canal to the posterior wall of external acoustic meatus and the rear edge of external ear were measured. In addition, half of the product of diameter and height of the mastoid was defined as mastoid area, which was used to define the extension of mastoid gasification. Then related analysis and regression analysis were done between the vertical segment of facial nerve canal and the posterior wall of external acoustic meatus, as well as the rear edge of external ear. Results 1.Part of the experiment: There was no significantly different on the indicator values between CT image the entity measurements among the four skull specimens (P>0.05). 2. Study on people: There was no significantly different between left side and right side(P>0.05), but significantly different between genders(P<0.05). Between mastoid area and the distance from the vertical segment of facial nerve canal to the posterior wall of external acoustic meatus there is inverse correlation, and the relevance has the remarkable significance. However, there was no correlation between mastoid area and the vertical segment of facial nerve canal to the rear edge of external ear. Conclusion There was some relationship between the location of the vertical segment of facial nerve canal and external acoustic meatus. Anatomic position of vertical facial nerve cancal and the posterior wall of external acoustic meatus can be showed clearly. CT and in combination with primitive axial images may provide reliable evidence for the diagnosis facial nerve dieases and the choice of ear surgery route.

Objective To investigate the subtype distribution and sequence characteristics of HIV-1 strains prevalent among sexual infectors in Beijing. Methods We collected the blood samples from 100HIV sexual infectors in Beijing during 2008 and separated plasma specimens. RNA was extracted from the plasma and the gag gene was amplified by RT-PCR and nest-PCR. The PCR products were sequenced directly and phylogenetic analyses of gag gene was performed using the MEGA4 software. Results Among 100 HIV-1 plasma samples,84 gag gene fragments were amplified and analyzed. Eight HIV subtypes including B(22 strains), B'(8 strains),C( 1 strain) ,CRF01_AE (38 strains) ,CRF02_AG (2 strains) ,CRF07_BC(9 strains) ,CRF08_BC(3 strains) and C/CRF01_AE recombinant like strain( 1 strain) were identified circulating in Beijing. Conclusion CRF01 _AE and subtype B were predominant in Beijing account for 45.2% and 26.2% and the surveillance of HIV gene variation should be paid more attention.

Objective To assess the role of endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA)for diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract lesions.Methods Sixty-eight patients underwent endoscopic uhrasonagraphy and EUS-FNA between May 2007 and Dec.2008.The result of cytology and/or pathology was compared with that of surgical finding and follow-up study.Results EUS-FNA was successfully performed on 62 patients with lesiorm in oesophagus(4 eases),stomach(19 case),rectum(19 cases),liver(3 case),mediastinum(4 cases)and lymph node(13 cases),and had a successful rate of 91.18%(62/68).Among them,the lesions in 40 patients(64.52%)were cytologically confirmed.The lesions in 10 out of 22 patients(35.48%)were pathologically confirmed.Compared with the results of pathology and long-term followe-up study,the sensitivity,specificity and positive predictive value of EUSFNA in diagnosis of lesions in gastrointestinal tract was 85.48%,100.00%and 90.91%,respectively,The positive predictive value and negative predictive value was100.00%and 57.14%,respectively.Conclusion EUS-FNA is a safe,effective and accurate method for diagnosis of lesions in gastrointestinal tract,and has an important role in cytological diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the application of metabolomics in research of the metabolic profiling of spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR) and Wistar rats using NMR combined with PLS-DA.Methods SHRs were fed with normal diet for 1 week and then the urines of normal rats and SHR hypertensive model rats were collected at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks.The metabolic profiles were analyzed using 1H-NMR.Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to determine the differential biomarkers .Results The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of SHRs were significantly higher than that of normal rats.Using PLS-DA and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), it was also possible to distinguish them in the principal components score plot .In the SHRs, the levels of some amino acids and some small molecular substances were higher than those in the control rats .Conclusions NMR combined with PLS-DA is a promising approach to provide the information on metabolic changes related to the pathophysiological processes in spontaneously hypertensive rats .