OBJECTIVE:To discuss the routes for research and development of traditional Chinese medicine.METH?ODS:Comparative and multi-phase thinking methods were used to analyze the difference and commonness between tradi?tional Chinese medicine and Western medicine,then the research and development goals and routes of traditional Chinese medicine were established.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Research and development of tradition Chinese Medicine should be carried forward on the basis of"tradition",that is modern methods combined with traditional theories,or modern methods combined with modern theories.In other words,the same goal can be achieved by different routes.

OBJECTIVE:To make sure who is liable for Adverse Drug Reactions(ADRs)and what kind of legal obligation should they bear and how to bear.METHODS:The concerned laws and regulations were studied by literature research method and comparative study method.RESULTS:The legal obligations involved in ADRs were tort liability and administrative liability.The obligation attribution principles were different.The fault principle should be applied to the unpredicted“develop_ mental danger”of drugs.CONCLUSION:The compensatory and relieving acts related to ADRs damages should be formulated in China.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for China in the formulation of international marketing strategy of tradi?tional Chinese medicine(TCM).METHODS:Related literatures were referred to and the current international marketing con?cepts of Chinese traditional medicine in China were analyzed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The internationalized target market for TCM is indefinite,the international market demand is unknown,the propaganda is without a definite aim,and the language platform for international academic communication is insufficient.It is suggested that the target market for TCM should aimed at general nursing,chronic and stubborn diseases,the efficacy and safety of TCM should be verified by control experiment and cost-effectiveness analysis,the international communication abilities of TCM and its practitioners should be improved so as to facilitate the internalization of TCM.

Humans ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

0.05.[Conclusion]VDR TruⅠ and FokⅠpolymorphisms are not related to LDD in Han nationality.

Objective To find out about rural doctors' knowledge on the basic facts about AIDS and the spread of HIV via illegal blood collection and supply and explore viable intervention methods in AIDS prevention and treatment in rural areas. Methods All the rural doctors in a certain township where the epidemic of HTV being spread via blood collection and supply was pretty serious were selected for the survey and data were collected by combining qualitative and quantitative studies. Results The survey of 33 doctors was effective( 100% ) ; above 95% had a correct understanding of the spread of AIDS through sex and blood as well as its contagiousness; 50% did not possess the knowledge that HIV could be spread to the baby by the mother but could not be spread through saliva, sweat, mosquito bites or sharing of bathtubs or toilets; above 80% knew about the objective of the blood organizers in their villages, the peak time of blood selling by the villagers, and the risks of diseases being spread via blood, and were opposed to blood selling; 27.3% once in a while used disposable syringes, and 15.2% discarded or sold used disposable syringes. Conclusion There are severe lurking perils of iatrogenic cross infection in rural areas. Rural doctors are in dire need of formal training in AIDS prevention and treatment knowledge and could be expected to become the key force in AIDS prevention and treatment in rural areas.

Ultraviolet spectrophotomety was used to determine Tween-80 critical micell concentration (CMC) in different Chinese herbal medicine injections. Studies on the concentration of iodine solution and wavelength suitable for the determinntion were carried out. This method is quick and accurate and can be used for the quality control of such preparation.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the improvement of licensed pharmacists associations in China.METHODS:To analyze the misunderstanding of marketing and marketing strategies of the licensed pharmacists associations in China.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:The licensed pharmacists associations in China should acquire the marketing idea of market guide and society guide,and optimize grouping the product strategies,place strategies,promotion strategies,prize strategies in order to realize the goal of marketing management of the organization.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the relations between patent system and drug price under TRIPS(trade related intellectual property system).METHODS:The impact of patent protection on drug price in less developed countries,developing countries and developed countries,and the related measures taken against unfavorable prices under the TRIPS system and their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed.RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS:Patent protection did result in the increase of pharmaceutical price to some degree.The related measures such as compulsory licensing and parallel imports under the TRIPS system contributed to the decrease of the influence of patent protection over drug price,but by which the contradiction between patent system and drug prices can't be solved in the long run,futher exploration needs to be done to solve this problem radically.