OBJECTIVE:To discuss the routes for research and development of traditional Chinese medicine.METH?ODS:Comparative and multi-phase thinking methods were used to analyze the difference and commonness between tradi?tional Chinese medicine and Western medicine,then the research and development goals and routes of traditional Chinese medicine were established.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Research and development of tradition Chinese Medicine should be carried forward on the basis of"tradition",that is modern methods combined with traditional theories,or modern methods combined with modern theories.In other words,the same goal can be achieved by different routes.

OBJECTIVE:To make sure who is liable for Adverse Drug Reactions(ADRs)and what kind of legal obligation should they bear and how to bear.METHODS:The concerned laws and regulations were studied by literature research method and comparative study method.RESULTS:The legal obligations involved in ADRs were tort liability and administrative liability.The obligation attribution principles were different.The fault principle should be applied to the unpredicted“develop_ mental danger”of drugs.CONCLUSION:The compensatory and relieving acts related to ADRs damages should be formulated in China.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for China in the formulation of international marketing strategy of tradi?tional Chinese medicine(TCM).METHODS:Related literatures were referred to and the current international marketing con?cepts of Chinese traditional medicine in China were analyzed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The internationalized target market for TCM is indefinite,the international market demand is unknown,the propaganda is without a definite aim,and the language platform for international academic communication is insufficient.It is suggested that the target market for TCM should aimed at general nursing,chronic and stubborn diseases,the efficacy and safety of TCM should be verified by control experiment and cost-effectiveness analysis,the international communication abilities of TCM and its practitioners should be improved so as to facilitate the internalization of TCM.

Humans ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

Objective To explore effective methods of nursing quality evaluation. Methods Guided by human-centered thinking,the new DRG quality indicators were formulated based on clinical investigation,literature review and expert consulta-tion. Then,the standards of the new indicators for radical masteetomy were identified by Delphi method and the reliability and validity were tested in 30 patients with radical mastectomy. Results The two new quality indicators were illness observation and health education. The Cronbach'α was 0.82 and 0.88 respectively. The results of expert consultation showed high content validity. Moreover,the new quality indicators got high commend by involved nurses. Conclusion The new quality indicators will lead nursing work to illness observation and health education,which will more benefit to reflect the true work of nurses and improve the internal quality of nursing.

To observe the development of Chinese medicine syndromes of rats with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance by detecting dynamic changes of laboratory parameters.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the relations between patent system and drug price under TRIPS(trade related intellectual property system).METHODS:The impact of patent protection on drug price in less developed countries,developing countries and developed countries,and the related measures taken against unfavorable prices under the TRIPS system and their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed.RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS:Patent protection did result in the increase of pharmaceutical price to some degree.The related measures such as compulsory licensing and parallel imports under the TRIPS system contributed to the decrease of the influence of patent protection over drug price,but by which the contradiction between patent system and drug prices can't be solved in the long run,futher exploration needs to be done to solve this problem radically.

Objective] To explore a new method of synthesis of resveratrol oligmer induced by photosensitizers, further analyze its free radical scavenging activity and analgesic activity. [Method] Resveratrol was dispersed in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution, mixed with pheophorbide, then illuminated by laser at 630nm. The oligmers in the filtrate were analyzed by HPLC-MS and isolated by preparative liquid chromatography. Free radical scavenging activity was determined by DPPH and ABTS method, and the analgesic effect was measured by hot plate test and acetic acid writhing test in mice. [Result] A new peak occurred and reached stable in reactive solution after 20 min illumination. It was identified as the dimer of resveratrol with conversion of 35%. Its concentrations on inhibition of 50% DPPH and ABTS radical were respectively 230 μg·mL-1 and 273 μg·mL-1. It reached maximum pain threshold at 180 min, and the inhibition rate of writhing number was 62.6% with better effects than resveratrol. [Conclusion] Reseratrol can be polymerized to the dimer after pheophorbide excited by red light, the resveratrol and its dimer both have the ability of eliminating free radicals and analgesic effects, but the dimer has the stronger activity.

Ultraviolet spectrophotomety was used to determine Tween-80 critical micell concentration (CMC) in different Chinese herbal medicine injections. Studies on the concentration of iodine solution and wavelength suitable for the determinntion were carried out. This method is quick and accurate and can be used for the quality control of such preparation.

Objective To explore the influence of QCC on the infection of orthopedic aseptic operation and healthcare workers in the operating room. Methods A total of 170 patients undergoing orthopedic aseptic operation from January 2015 to June 2015 were chosen as QCC group and 164 patients from June 2014 to December 2014 as control group. The wound infection rate,increased rate of WBC and temper-ature,the responsibility,initiative,problem solving skills,self-confidence,harmony,cohesion of doctors and nurses between two groups were recorded. Results The wound infection rate(2. 4%), increased rate of WBC(2. 4%) and temperature(1. 2%) in QCC group were signifi-cantly lower than those of control group(5. 5%,9. 1%,6. 7%). Moreover,the responsibility(4. 6 ± 0. 6) point,initiative(4. 4 ± 0. 3) point, problem solving skills(4. 1 ± 0. 8) point,self-confidence(4. 3 ± 0. 7) point,harmony(4. 8 ± 0. 9) point and cohesion (4. 2 ± 0. 4) point of doctors and nurses in QCC group were significantly higher than those of control group[(2.9±0.7) point,(2.3±0.5) point,(2.5±0.5) point,(2. 8 ± 0. 6) point,(3. 1 ± 0. 4) point,(1. 8 ± 0. 3) point,respectively)]. Conclusion QCC could effectively reduce the infection rate of orthopedic aseptic operation,and improve the overall quality of the participants health care workers in the operating room.