Experiments on humans and rats were conducted to observe the adaptation of exercise-induced muscle injury to repeated exercise. The results indicated that the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) in the male students of the Physical Education Department reached to the peak immediately after one bout of exercise, while the muscle soreness, the contents of serum creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin (Mb) reached their peak on the third day post exercise, but later they gradually recovered until to their pre-exercise level on the seventh day post exercise. More obvious changes took place in the RPE, muscle soreness, serum CK and Mb one week after exercise compared with those after one bout of exercise, however, recovery began on the fourth day post exercise in the above indices. Moreover, the results in rats showed the most serious damage in the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle 24 to 48hs after one bout of exercise, but the damage became less serious on the seventh day after exercise. Besides, after 7-day repeated exercise of the same intensity, no further damage was seen in the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle, and the damage recovered on the seventh day after exercise. The results of this study suggested that an adaptation response had taken place after repeated bouts of exercise.

Objective To determine the recipe of invigorating kidney for regulating menstruation com?bined with curved repairing in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome( PCOS) ovulation disorder related out?come measures,and to evaluate the clinical curative effect of the therapy. Methods Sixty?eight cases of PCOS ovulation disorder patients were randomly selected and randomly divided into the pure western medicine treat?ment control group and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment of the observation group, each group had 34 cases. The control group patients were given oral progestin capsule with 0. 2 g/time,1 time/d, and continuous oral administration for 10 days,Letrozol tablets began to take on the fifth day of menses,2. 5 mg/time,1 time/d,and continuous oral administration for 5 days. The observation group on the basis of the control group treatment,invigorating kidney for regulating menstruation recipe treatment began to take on the fifth day of menses,daily 1 agent,water frying to 400 ml,2 times a day,and continuous oral administration for 15 days as a cycle of medication,2 groups of patients were treated for 3 courses of treatment. Measurement of two groups be?fore and after treatment in patients with serum luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle stimulation hormone(FSH), LH/FSH ratio,serum testosterone( T) ,estuarial( E2) ,and fasting,meal after 1 and 2 h insulin( INS) levels,and then compared the two groups of patients with follicular maturation rate,the ovulation rate,pregnancy rate and a?bortion rate. Results The LH(t=9. 763,P=0. 003),serum T(t=1. 906,P=0. 023),LH/FSH(t=3. 098,P=0. 026) and fasting insulin(t=5. 973,P=0. 004),postprandial 1H insulin(t=17. 009,P=0. 000),2 h pan?creatic island prime( t=20. 313,P=0. 000) levels of observation group were significantly lower than that of the control group after administration of treatment,while E2(t=121. 1,P=0. 924),FSH(t=0. 879,928) levels of two groups before and after treatment did not change significantly, there was no statistical significance differ?ence. Mature follicles rate,ovulation rate and pregnancy rate of observation group were obviously higher than that of the control group(75. 1% vs. 46. 9%,89. 4% vs. 68. 5%,86. 6% vs. 42. 3%,χ2=10. 635,8. 428,9. 372;P=0. 000),while the abortion rate was significantly lower than that of the control group(10. 2% vs. 20. 3%,χ2=11. 744,P=0. 002). Conclusion The recipe of invigorating kidney for regulating menstruation combined with leptosome in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome ovulation has definite curative effect,it is worthy of pro?motion.

Objective To compare and analyze the Brucea javanica oil emulsion,hydroxy camptothecin bladder perfusion of recurrence after operation of superficial bladder cancer.Methods 80 cases with superficial blad-der cancer were randomly divided into group A and group B (n=40 ).Group A received intravesical instillation of Brucea javanica oil emulsion,group B received intravesical instillation of hydroxycamptothecin.The serum tumor marker levels were compared between two groups,and the recurrence rate and adverse reactions in the two groups were observed.Results At 1 day before operation,postoperative 7d,the serum Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1 ),Dickkopf-2 (DKK-2),Dickkopf-3(DKK-3),Dickkopf-4(DKK-4),vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA), vascular endothelial growth factor B(VEGFB),vascular endothelial growth factor C(VEGFC)of the two groups had no statistically significant differences (P>0.05).Postoperative 6 months,the serum levels of DKK-1,DKK-2, DKK-3,DKK-4,VEGFA,VEGFB,VEGFC in group A were (20.62 ±2.84)g/L,(29.15 ±6.32)g/L,(18.66 ± 4.53)g/L,(32.34 ±6.42)g/L,(80.72 ±9.16)g/L,(60.43 ±16.73)g/L,(70.31 ±8.41)g/L,respectively, which were lower than those of group B [(27.42 ±3.76)g/L,(38.16 ±4.34)g/L,(30.37 ±5.35)g/L,(47.26 ± 7.72)g/L,(146.31 ±12.44)g/L,(83.14.14.07)g/L,(91.58 ±7.82)g/L,respectively,t=-2.92,-2.58,-2.82,-2.41,-2.80,-2.75,-2.70,all P<0.01].The recurrence rate of group A was 7.5%(3/40),which was significantly lower than 15.0%(6/40)of group B(6/40)(χ2 =6.11,P <0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reac-tions of group A was 12.5%,which was significantly lower than 27.5% of the control group(χ2 =5.46,P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with hydroxyl camptothecine vesical perfusion,the effect of intravesical instillation of Brucea javanica oil emulsion in preventing the postoperative recurrence of superficial bladder cancer is more significant,can effectively reduce the levels of serum tumor marker,with less adverse reactions,it is worth application and promotion.

Objective To study the standardization of analgesia in total knee replacement (TKA),and to assess its efficacy and safety of perioperative period application.Methods 64 cases of total knee arthroplasty cases were selected,with 30 cases of male,and 34 cases of female(Aged 61 -78),included 28 cases on the left side,and 36 cases on the right side.According to the random of prefabricated CARDS (1 :1 parallel design of experiment) patients were divided into observation group and control group,with 32 cases in each group(17 cases were women, 15 cases were male,).The observation group were treated with standardized analgesia,the control group were treated with traditional postoperative controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA)pump.48 h after surgery,the different time points after waking up general anesthesia visual analogue scale (VAS),giving pain sleepers auxiliary analgesic drug application were recorded.VAS score and analgesic drug usage and complications (nausea,vomiting,respiratory depression,motor nerve paralysis,etc.)incidence index etc.of the two groups of patients were compared.Results 64 patients were included in the study,the differences of the two groups of patients in age [observation group:(68.22 ± 0.18),the control group:(69.69 ±0.17),t =5.767,P =0.8237)],gender(15 cases were men,17 cases were women),body mass index [BMI,observation group:(23.38 ±0.19),the control group:(23.94 ±0.14),t =2.339, P =0.082)],the American society of anesthesiologists (ASA)classification (both for 10 cases of ASA grade I,ASA grade II 22 cases),had no statistical significance (P >0.05).And different time points after surgery anesthesia to VAS score had significant difference:[(control group:6 h resting 2.888 ±0.049 /ankle pumps 2.941 ±0.028,12h resting 4.731 ±0.028 /ankle pump 5.747 ±0.033,24h resting 6.859 ±0.033 /ankle pump 7.175 ±0.03,48h resting 4.14 ±0.03 /ankle pumps 5.209 ±0.025.observation group:6h resting 1.316 ±0.024/ankle pumps 1.884 ± 0.023,12h resting 2.05 ±0.02 /ankle pump 3.060 ±0.02,24h resting 2.35 ±0.02 /ankle pump 3.934 ±0.018, 48h resting 2.119 ±0.015 /ankle pumps 2.317 ±0.017.t value resting/ankle pump:6h,17.80 /28.75.12h,76.67 /69. 14.24h,116.9 /91.95.48h,61.11 /95.51.P <0.01)].Analgesic drug usage (control:55.97 ±0.25,the observation group:19.53 ±0.19,t =113.1,P <0.01),the incidence of complications (control:0.45 ±0.00,observation group:0.06 ±0.00;t =169,P <0.01 ),and other aspects of the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05 ). Conclusion Standardized analgesia on the perioperative analgesic effects of total knee arthroplasty is better than PCIA.It can significantly reduce the extra analgesic drug usage,decrease the incidence of complications,and has the characteristics of safe and efficient.

It was well known that the damage of skeletal muscle occurred and exercise performance declined after one prolonged eccentric exercise.But there were few studies on the adaptation to the continuous eccentric exercise in skeletal muscle.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of downhill running once(group B) and for one week(group C ) on α-actin gene expression of rat gastrocnemius muscle.Serum CK and LDH were determined, too.The results showed that the training had obvious effects on α-actin gene expression of rat gastrocnemius muscle in group B and C.In group B, serum CK and LDH recovered obviously 7 days after training, but not to the normal value.In group C, it recovered to the normal.These results suggest that the recovery of the damage after first training had been accelerated by the continuous eccentric exercise, the subjects gradually adapted to exercise.

Androgen receptors appear to play a significant role in the hepatocarcinogenesis.Androgen receptors are found to be expressed in liver tumor,and the overexpression of androgen receptor is associated with poor prognosis.Recent researches have indicated that androgen receptors regulate various cellular events in liver carcinogenesis through various ways,and androgen receptor could be a potential cancer therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: BK viral infection after renal transplantation influences the prognosis of BK virus-associated nephropathy in renal transplant recipients. The disease has been widely studied in foreign countries.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to sum up the diagnosis and treatment of BK virus-associated nephropathy after renal transplantation.RETRIVAL STRATEGY: Using the terms "renal transplantation; BK virus" in the English language, manuscripts responsible for BK virus-associated nephropathy after renal transplantation that were published from January 2000 to January 2007 were retrieved from the PubMed database. A total of 206 manuscripts were obtained and primarily screened. Inclusion criteria: studies addressing BK virus-associated nephropathy after renal transplantation. Exclusion criteria: repetitive studies.LITERATURE EVALUATION: The included manuscripts were primarily from PubMed database. Manuscripts were primarily original and review studies.DATA SYNTHESIS: BK virus can be found in the urine of 3%-40% of adult renal transplant recipients. BK virus reactivation rate is very high, but the histological manifestations of BK virus associated nephropathy are found only in a small number of renal transplant recipients. The prognosis of BK virus associated nephropathy is very poor. BK virus associated nephropathy develops into renal failure, leading to transplant loss, in 30%-50% patients. BK virus-caused renal transplant disease must be diagnosed according to histological manifestations. Viral infection should be primarily confirmed, but serological measurements have no predominant effects. Electron microscopy should be involved in the assessment of renal graft biopsy, especially when renal failure factors are unknown, as through the use of electron microscope, viral particles in the nucleus, cytoplasm and outside of the cells could be detectable. Viral antigen in the urine sample of patients with BK viruria can be detected by nucleic acid hybridization method, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. Cidofovir is an effective medicine for treatment of BK virus-associated nephropathy, but its potential nephrotoxicity, proper dose, pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerance, anti-BK viral activities have not been confirmed. So fresher study should be required for aforementioned uncertainties.CONCLUSION: BK virus-associated nephropathy has poor prognosis and should be diagnosed according to histological examinations. BK virus-associated nephropathy has been treated primarily by symptomatic supportive treatment and reducing the dose of immunosuppressive agents.

AIM: The multiple effective components in Yiqing Capsule(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei,Rhizoma Coptidis,Radix Scutellariae) were analyzed by RP-HPLC. METHODS: A column of Kromasil C_(18)(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m)was used.The mobile phase was composed of A 0.5% triethylamine(pH3.0,containing 5 mmol/L SDS),B methanol and acetonitrile(50∶50) with gradient elution.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min with the detection wavelength at 254 nm. RESULTS: In the linear range the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.999 4 to(0.999 9).The average recoveries were 95.2%-102.2% with corresponding RSD of 0.8%-2.0%,respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is rapid,accurate and reliable.It can be used to control the quality of Yiqing Capsule.

Objective To investigate the change of S-100B in serum in rats at varions times after exposure to different whole-brain irradiation doses and to explore the characteristics of the S-100B change in early radiation-induced brain injuries. Methods A model of brain radlation-induced injuries was estabhshed in the rat after whole-brain irradiation with a single dose of 2, 10, or 30 Gy of 4 MeV electron. The concentration of S-100B in serum was detected by means of enzyme-linked immunoserbent assay (ELISA) at different time points (1,6,12,24,3 days, 1 week, 1 month) after exposure. Results In terms of measuring time points, the serum concentration in all groups reached the fwst peak 6 hours after irradiation, declined after 12 hours, rose again after 24 hours, and started to decline again until the last time point (1 month), with the exception of the 2 Gy group, which reached the second peak at 3 days after irradiation. Conclusions The S-100B serum concentration was changed in the rats after whale-brain irradiation and these changes are positively related to the irradiation amount. It seems that the higher the dose, the higher the serum concentration and the differences between the dose groups are significant (via multiple regression models). The S-100B may be a valuable serum marker for the brain irradiation injury.

BACKGROUND: One major reason for transplanted kidney failure is BK virus (BKV) associated nephropathy, which leads to renal inadequacy and ureteral obstruction. OBJECTIVE: To identify the incidence of BKV viremia in kidney transplant recipients, as well as to analyze the risk factors of BKV infection. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A retrospective case analysis was performed at the Department of Urology, Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University from September 2001 to December 2007. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and twenty-one renal transplant patients, and 20 renal failure patients, who underwent hemodialysis were served as control group. METHODS: The viral load in plasma was quantified with a real-time PCR method. The recipients were divided into the PV+ group (BKV DNA positive blood samples) and PV- group (BKV DNA negative in blood samples) according to the detection outcomes. The gender, age, cold ischemia time, immunosuppressive agent, donor type and other clinical parameters were compared between 2 groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Logistic regression was performed to determine risk factors for BKV infection. RESULTS: The incidence rate of BKV viremia accounted for 24.7% (30/121) of kidney recipients, which was higher than the control group (1/20), the difference between them was significant (P = 0.03). Logistic regression found that cold ischemia time (RR 3.34, 95% CI 2.76-5.60) and cadaver donation (RR 2.19, 95% CI 1.32-3.97) were significantly related to BKV viremia. However, ages of recipients, time of collecting samples, and intravenous glucocorticoid therapy was independence to BKV viremia. CONCLUSION: Kidney recipients are the high risk population who are susceptive to BKV infection. Cold ischemia time and cadaver donation may be the risk factors of BKV viremia.