ObjectiveTo investigate the value of hysterosalpingography in the diagnosis of infertility.MethodsHysterosalpingographic and clinical materials of 1 320 cases with infertility were collected and analyzed retrospectively. ResultsAmong 1 320 cases, the percentage of abnormal uterus was 9.55 ％. Bilateral patency of fallopian tubes cases were accounted for 46.67％, and bilateral obstruction and unilateral obstruction were accounted for 27. 05％ and 26.29％ respectively. The obstruction position of the interstitial portion, the isthmus, the ampulla, the complete fimbrial and the part fimbrial were 23.94％, 16.21％ ,6.13％ ,23.09％ ,30. 63％ respectively. The accidence of tubal obstruction in the secondary infertility group was significantly higher than that in the primary group (P ＜0.01 ) ,and in the secondary infertility group,the bilatral tubal obstruction frequencies for “abortion times ≥3”were significantly higher than those for “abortion times ＜ 3” ( P ＜ 0.01 ). The pregnancy rate was 27.65％ in three months after hysterosalpingography. ConclusionHysterosalpingography was a cost-effective and indispensable method for diagnosing female infertility.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common aortic disease causing death. Many factors are associated with AAA rupture, such as aneurysm diameter, shape, intraluminal thrombus, and hemodynamic changes. It has been shown that hemodynamic changes may be one of the main risk factors for AAA rupture. There are several imaging modalities to evaluate AAA, in which Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance blood flow imaging are capable of assessing the hemodynamic changes in AAA. This review will discuss the risk factors for rupture and imaging advancement of AAA.

BACKGROUND:Silk fibroin has excel ent biocompatibility, biodegradability and unique mechanical properties. Its composite, silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite, can simulate the composition and structure of nature bone tissue, contributing to remedying the insufficient mechanical properties of nano-hydroxyapatites. OBJECTIVE:To observe the biological safety of silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composites. METHODS:Silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapetite composite biomaterial was synthesized by the coprecipitation method using silk fibroin, calcium chloride and diammonium phosphate as raw materials. According to the demands of International Standard Organization (ISO10993) and Technical Evaluation Standards of Biomedical Materials and Medical Instruments promulgated by Chinese Board of Health (GB/T 16886), experiments of cel toxicity in vitro, acute toxicity and hemolysis were investigated to evaluate the biocompatibility of silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapetite composite. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:L929 cel s co-cultured with silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite leaching liquor had good cel morphology, metabolism and proliferation. The leaching extract of silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite injected into mice intraperitoneal y had no significant adverse reactions. And silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite extracts caused 2.39%blood hemolysis, less than the international standards 5%. These experimental results on cel toxicity test in vitro, acute toxicity and hemolysis met the demands of ISO10993 and GB/T, which show the biological safety of the silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite for clinical application.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the strategy of comparative advertisement use in medical profession. METHODS: The excellence and the shortcoming of comparative advertisement were analyzed in case study, and the strategy of comparative advertisement use in medical profession was put forward. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS: The use of comparative advertisement in a practical, rational and innovative way helps advertisement to play its potentials.

Liver transplantation has been taken as one of the most effective therapies for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, 10%-40% patients develop biliary complications (BC) after transplantation and 6%-13% patients have to receive liver retransplantation,with the mortality being around 19%. BC is one of the major risk factors for the prognosis of liver transplantation. This review summarizes the etiology and the mechanism(s) of biliary complications after liver transplantation.

Objective To study the repairment of pancreas mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) on injured pancreas of rats,and find a new source of cells for treatment of diabetes. Methods ① Pancreases were taken out of three-day-old Wistar rats under bioclean condition,and cells were obtained by V-collagenase digestion. Generations were passed by conventional culture,cells were purified by adherence screening method,cell morphous was observed by Giemsa staining. The expressions of surface marker CD34 and CD44 were determined by FCM,and compared with bone marrow MSCs(BM-MSCs),the differences in character and function were observed. ②The experimental rats were divided into two groups randomly. Pancreas ischemic necrosis model was made by deligation,then the purified pancreas MSCs were marked with DAPI and then were transplantated partially. After two weeks,the survival rate was measured and histopathological detection was performed. Results ① The cells had concordant morphous gradually with vigorous generation. There was no significant difference in morphology and surface antigen compared with BM-MSCs.② The survival rate in experimental group was 75% ,the necrotic tissue had basi-rebounded. Blue fluorescent was observed in repaired pancreas tissues. The survival rate in control group was 20%. The survival rate in experimental group was higher than that in control group (P

Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of combined use of traditional Chinese and Western medicine for chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases.Methods By searching in the major databases of CNKI,ISI Web of Knowledge,VIP Information and Pubmed,we collected data of randomized controlled trials pertaining to combined use of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases.Results Twenty-five randomized controlled trials involving totally 3081 patients were collected according to the inclusion criteria,and meta-analysis of the data indicated that combined use of traditional Chinese and Western medicine can be of great value in the management of chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases in comparison with exclusive use of Western medicine [combined odds ratio(OR)was 3.20 with 95% confidence interval(CI)(2.74,3.73),Z=14.85,P＜0.01].Conclusion The clinical evidence derived from the analysis suggests that the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine for chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases can be effective with good security.

This study examined the differences in tumor formation of three bladder tumor cell lines (BIU-87, T24 and EJ) after subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice, in order to find the best technique for establishing in vivo bladder tumor model. BIU-87, T24 and EJ cells at logarithmic phase were re-suspended in serum-free medium. The cells suspensions of the identical concentration were subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice and then the success rate and tumor growth were compared among the three cell groups. The results of tumor formation were pathologically evaluated. Lung, liver and kidney tissues were also pathologically examined for distant metastasis. The proliferation of the three cells were determined by immunohistochemically detecting the PCNA expression in the tumors. The results showed that the success rates of EJ and T24 cells were significantly higher than that of BIU-87 cells and no distant metastasis was noted among the three groups. The proliferation levels of EJ and T24 cells was significantly higher than that of BIU-87. But at the later stage of tumor formation, as compared with T24 cells, EJ grew more vigorously, soon resulting in the central necrosis of tumor, which affected the measurement of the actual size of the tumors. Moreover, PCNA staining exhibited that the proliferation of EJ and T24 was significantly higher than that of BIU-87 cells. It is concluded that as compared with BIU-87 cells, EJ and T24 cells had higher success rates, with not significant differences in death rate and distant metastasis found among them. There existed no significant difference in tumor formation between EJ and T24 cells and T24 cells do not rupture easily, which makes it a better cell line for the establishment of in vivo bladder tumor model.

Objective To observe the effects of substance P (SP), NK1 receptor antagonist and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors on the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) by immortalized human keratinocyte line HaCaT. Methods The NO level in supernatant of cultured HaCaT cells was measured by nitrate reductase assay after treatment with different concentrations (10-9 to 10-6 mol/L) of SP, or the combination of SP (10-8 mol/L) and spantide (3×10-7 mol/L), aminoguanidine (10-7 mol/L), 7-nitroindazole (10-6 mol/L) or L-NAME (10-5 mol/L) for various durations. Reverse transcription-PCR was performed to measure the expression of iNOS mRNA in HaCaT cells incubated with SP of 10-8 mol/L for 1, 24 and 48 hours. Results The SP of 10-9 to 10-6 mol/L significantly induced the production of NO by HaCaT cells, and the highest level of NO was observed in HaCaT cells treated with SP of 10-8 mol/L. The synthesis of NO by HaCaT cells induced by SP was inhibited by Spantide of 3 × 10~7 mol/L at all time points (30 minutes, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours, all P< 0.01), by L-NAME of 10-5 mol/L at 3 time points (30 minutes, 1, 24 hours) and by 7-nitroin-dazole of 10-6 mol/L at 2 time points (30 minutes, 1 hour, both P< 0.05), but not by aminoguanidine of 10-7 mol/L at any time point (all P > 0.05). After treatment with SP of 10-8 mol/L, the relative mRNA expression of iNOS was 0.199 ± 0.018 and 0.516 ± 0.030 at 24 and 48 hours, respectively, and there was a statistical difference between the two time points (P < 0.01). Conclusions SP can reinforce the secretion of NO by HaCaT cells via NK1 receptor activation, but iNOS is unlikely to be the primary origin of NO secreted by HaCaT cells induced by SP.

Objective To observe the clinical characteristic and prognostic analysis of severe anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ( anti-NMDAR) encephalitis.Methods The clinical data of 9 patients with severe anti-NMDAR encephalitis were retrospective analyzed.Results Nine patients ( two male and seven females ) were taken care at ICU.They were 27.7 years old at average.The median course was 22.4 d and median length of stay in ICU was 50. 9 d.The mainly clinical characteristics were fever(7 cases), psychiatric behavioral symptoms(9 cases), seizures(9 cases) , decreased consciousness ( 8 cases ) , abnormal movement ( 7 cases ) , automatic instability ( 9 cases ) and hypoventilation(6 cases) .Three cases had ovarian teratoma.Anti-NMDAR antibodies in CSF of all patients were testing positive, while in serum were 6 cases.CSF-IgA in 7 cases were increased.The brain MRI indicated abnormal signals in temporal lobe, hippocampus in 3 patients.The EEG showed slowing wave abnormal in 5 patients.All patients were treated with combined first-line immunomodulatory therapies with steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, or plasma exchange. Five patients were fullly recoveried, 4 patients were improved with residual symptoms. Conclusions Severe anti-NMDAR encephalitis may present progress quickly mental behavior change, epilepsy, and disturbance of consciousness, movement disorders, autonomic nerve dysfunction.Which accompanied with tumor is rare.Most patients with active immunotherapy can get good prognosis.