Orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. It regulates the expression of multiple genes involved in adrenal and gonadal development,steroidogenesis,and reproductive function. Twenty five different mutations have been described and their clinical features are various. Detection of SF-1 gene may be contribute to the etiological diagnosis for 46, XY disorder of sex development patients.

fulminant liver failure(FLF)is a rapid onset life-threatening emerency in which liver dysfunction,liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy occur within 8 weeks in previouslv norillal person.It has been confirmed by available clinical experience and literatures during the past decades that FLF patients are ideal recipients of liver transplantation.However,the prognosis of the FLF patients who accepted liver transplantation differed greatly according to the available reports because of the differences of supportive treatment during waiting period,the criterion for recipient assessment,the determination of operation chance,the use of critical techniques during operation and postoperative management between different transplantation centers.We probe the standardized clinical use of the aspects above mentioned in liver transplantation for FLF,particularly discuss the treatment of complications resulting from coagulopathy,determination of operation chance,significance of standardized etiological treatment and the indication of the use of veno-venous bypass technique during transplantation to provide better treatment strategy and improve the prognosis of FLF patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of vitapex paste in the treatment of deciduous teeth with periapical inflammation.Methods 112 children with chronic apicitis of deciduous teeth were divided into two groups randomly and averagely.The research group used vitapex paste,while the control group used zinc oxide eugenol paste.The clinical effects of the 2 groups were compared.Results Compared to the control group,the response to root canal filling of the research group was much weaker ( 10.7％ to 25.0％ ),which had statistical difference ( x2 =3.02,P =0.0 1 1 ).There wasalso significant difference betweenthe success rateofthetwogroups after 1 year followed up( x2 =5.16,P =0.004).Conclusion sing vitapex paste for root canal filling had a higher success rate and a weaker respose to root canal filling.

In recent years,it has been reported that the osteopontin attracts great attention for its roles in tumor growth and metastasis.In many tumors,osteopontin plays an important role in promoting tumor growth,metastasis and enhancing adhesion and migration abilities.In particular,in hepatocellular carcinoma,osteopontin has very satisfactory sensitivity and specificity in early diagnosis and is relatively effective on prognosis prediction.Suppression osteopontin expression will inhibit liver cancer growth and metastasis,indicating that the osteopontin stays a new target for liver cancer treatment and possesses intangible clinical potential.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and imaging features of moyamoya disease (MMD).Method The clinical manifestations and the results of CT angiography ( CTA ) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) examinations of 162 cases diagnosed with M MD were analyzed retrospectively.Results In 162 patients with MMD, 132 cases (81.48% ) had stroke, in which cerebral infarction and transient ischemic attack (TIA) were 20 cases, intraventricular hemorrhage were 48 cases, cerebral hemorrhage were 52 cases, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were 10 cases and acute subdural hemorrhage were 2 cases; 8 cases(4.94%) had simple migraine and 22 cases(13.58%) had simple epilepsy.All the patients were with typical imaging findings: ( 1 ) The central branch of the internal carotid artery,bilateral internal carotid artery clinoid segment and proximal arterial stenosis or occlusion was the main performance of MMD.(2) Abnormal vascular network in the skull base was the most feature of MMD changes.(3) The performance of collateral circulation.Conclusions CTA and DSA can be used for the diagnosis of MMD patients.DSA is the gold standard for diagnosis of MMD.

Astrocyte elevated gene (AEG) -1 is cloned as a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -1-inducible and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-inducible transcript in primary human fetal astrocytes (PHFA) by a rapid subtraction hybridization approach. AEG-1 has been reported to be up-regulated in various types of human cancers. Multivariate analyses indicat that AEG-1 correlates with the ability of growth, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance of tumors. AEG-1 over-expression activates the PI3K-Akt,nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathways in several crucial aspects of tumorprogression. AEG-1 represents a viable potential target for the therapy of human cancers.

Vildagliptin is a potent and specific inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4,which has been implicated to enhance and prolong the physiological actions of incretion hormones including glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.Vildagliptin is an orally administered drug and has been licensed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Vildagliptin monotherapy or in combination with other drugs can effectively lower glycosylated haemoglobin levels to a great extent.In addition,vildagliptin acts in a glucose-dependent manner,explaining its low risk of hypoglycemia.This drug has been proved well tolerated with few gastrointestinal side effects or oedema.Therefore vildagliptin is a promising new option for type 2 diabetic patients,and these patients would achieve better glycemic control and fewer complications in the long run.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of combination detection of carcino‐embryonic antigen(CEA ) ,cytokeratin 19 fragment 21‐1(CYFR21‐1) ,neuron‐specific enolase(NSE) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for early lung cancer and its correlation with clinical effects .Methods 69 cases of lung cancer were included into the lung cancer group and 50 cases of benign pulmonary disease were included into the lung benign disease group .All the patients were given bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) .The chemiluminescence immunoassay was adopted to detect the levels of CEA ,CYFR21‐1 and NSE in BALF .The changes of tumor markers levels were compared between the two groups and among different clinical curative effects in the patients with lung cancer . Results The levels of CEA ,CYFR21‐1 and NSE in BALF of the lung cancer group were significantly higher than those of the be‐nign pulmonary disease group ,the difference was statistically significant (P < 0 .05) .The levels of tumor markers in the stage Ⅱ of lung cancer were higher than those in the stage Ⅰ of lung cancer ,the difference was statistically significant (P< 0 .05) ;the levels of CEA ,CYFR21‐1 and NSE in BALF were gradually increased with the decrease of clinical effect (P< 0 .05) ;the sensitivity and spe‐cificity of the combined detection of three tumor markers were 62 .3% and 82 .0% respectively ,which were significantly higher than those of any single tumor marker (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The levels of CEA ,CYFR21‐1 and NSE in BALF of early lung cancer patients are obviously increased ,moreover which is closely correlated with the pathological stage of lung cancer ,the combined detec‐tion could contribute to improve the detection rate of early lung cancer and guide the evaluation of clinical effect .

Objective To investigate the feasibility of primary culture of nontumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells,and the effect of proliferation due to hormone.Methods Normal human mammary tissue was taken from mammary segment ectomy,and the tissue was digested by collagenase type Ⅰ.Epithelial depuration was carried out by integration of burning and enzyme digestion.The cells we acquired were identified by observation of cell morphology by light and Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM).Results It is feasible to culture nontumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells.?-estradiol and progesterone at 1?10-5 g/L can promote the proliferation of the normal human mammary epithelial cells.

Objective To introduce an operative method for the treatment of type Ⅱ fracture of distal clavicle. Methods The clavicle and coracoid proc ess were compressively fixed with screw in, and the coracoclavicular ligament wa s repaired in 24 cases of type Ⅱ fracture of the distal clavicle. Results The fractures healed in all the cases with good function of joint, and without screw loosening or traumatic arthritis. Conclusion The operative method is an ideal m anagement for the treatment of adult type Ⅱ fracture of distal clavicle, due t o its easy handling, reliable fixation, exact curative effects and less complica tions.