Objective To analyze the morbidity of the old people with hypertension and metabolic syndrome (MS),the characteristics of MS components distribution,and correlation hypertension and MS.Methods 438 old patients over 60 with hypertension were selected randomly from cheek-up crowd in the physical examination center of Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University in 2013.Abdominal girth,height,body mass were measured,and then calculated BMI.The indicators such as FPG,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C were detected and analyzed.Results The total morbidity of MS in the old people with hypertension was 37.7％,39.0％ from male people,36.7％ from female people,and there was no difference between genders(x2 =0.46,P ＞ 0.05).The level of BMI,abdominal girth,FPG,and TG in the old people with MS were higher than the people without MS(t =4.83,8.53,5.08,7.29,all P ＜0.05),and HDL-C was lower than the people without MS(t =-9.67,P ＜ 0.05).The level of FPG in women was higher than that in men apparently(x2 =5.82,P ＜ 0.05),and the level of HDL-C was lower than that in men apparently (x2 =8.73,P ＜ 0.01).The risk factors to MS include BMI,abdominal girth,FPG,TG (OR =2.139,1.106,2.156,2.315,all P ＜0.05),and HDL-C is protective factor to MS(OR =0.039,P ＜0.05).Conclusion Hypertension might increase MS morbidity of old patients.Hypertension related with MS closely.The risk factors include BMI,abdominal girth,FPG,TG,on the other hand HDL-C is protective factor to MS.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and causes of cardiac ADR induced by quinolones,and to provide reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Three thousaud two hundred and eighty-eighe 8 patients receiving common quinolones were selected from clinical departments in Zhengzhou Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University during Mar. 2012-Mar. 2016. Retro-spective analysis was conducted in terms of patients’age and gender,clinical departments,main clinical manifestations,route of administration,underlying disease,drug combination. The reasons for cardiac ADR were analyzed. RESULTS:Among 3 288 pa-tients,there were 34 patients(1.03%)with cardiac ADR. Among them,the incidence of cardiac ADR in patients over 50 years old was as high as 76.47%;patients with cardiac ADR were mainly in the respiration department,gastroenterology department and urology department,accounting for 76.47%;most of patients were from gastroenterology department(29.41%). In cardiac ADR, the main clinical manifestations were QTc interval prolongation torsadesde poiutes(TdP)and TdP,accounting for 58.82%. Among them,patients with QTc interval prolongation TdP occupied the highest proportion,there was no statistical significance compared to TdP(P>0.05);there was statistical significance in the difference with other clinical manifestations(P<0.05). Among common-ly used quinolones,levofloxacin(32.35%)and ciprofloxacin(41.18%)caused large proportion of cardiac ADR,there was statisti-cal significance compared to norfloxacin,moxifloxacin and other quinolones(P<0.05). The proportion of cardiac ADR induced by intravenous dripping(91.18%)was much higher than oral administration(8.82%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). Among patients with cardiac ADR,the patients with underlying disease (94.12%) and drug combination (91.18%) occupied the higher proportion,there was statistical significance compared to the patients without underlying disease and drug combination(P<0.01). Among drug combination,the patients receiving amiodarone (29.41%) and salbutamol (20.59%) occupied the large proportion, there was statistical significance compared to other types of drug combination(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Cardiac ADR induced by quinolones in our hospital mostly occurs in respiration department,gastroenterology department and urology department,and mainly manifests as QTc interval prolongation TdP and TdP. The incidence of cardiac ADR may be greatly increased in elderly pa-tients,patients with underlying diseases,and drug combination as well as intravenous infusion. Therefore,clinicians should select suitable quinolones,and make reasonable individualized dosage regimen.

OBJECTIVETo determine cell proliferation and nestin expression in the ependyma of adult rat spinal cord after injury.

METHODSRat spinal cord injury models were established by aneurysm clip compression, and nestin expression and proliferation of ependymal cells at different times were shown with pathological and immuno-histochemical staining.

RESULTSEpendymal cells adjacent to the injured site demonstrated a dramatic increase in nestin expression 24 hours after compression. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen was positive, and significant proliferation was observed after 7 days. Nestin expression was down regulated as time went by.

CONCLUSIONNormally quiescent mature ependymal cells appear to revert to an embryonic state in response to spinal cord injury.

Animals ; Cell Division ; Ependyma ; cytology ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intermediate Filament Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Nestin ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; metabolism ; pathology

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene shows restriction fragment length polymorphism with incision enzyme Bsm Ⅰ ,Apa Ⅰ ,Taq Ⅰ ,which is related to bone mineral density (BMD).However, it is unclear that the relationship between VDR gene (Bsm Ⅰ ) polymorphisms and BMD,osteoporosis.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution regularity of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism related to BMD in postmenopausal women of Han,Uygur, Kazak and Mongoloid nationality in China. DESIGN: controlled observation.SETTING: Institute of Gerontology,General Hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 179 women of Han,who were taking physical examination in General Hospital of Chinese PLA from January 2002 to December 2003, at the average age of (59±3) years,were selected. A total number of 122 women of Uygur with average age of 56.49 years; 63 women of Kazak with average age of (55±3) years; and 112 women of Mongoloid with average age of (57±3) years,who were all taking physical examination in department of geriatrics, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from January 2001 to December 2003.All of them were informed consent.METHODS: VDR genotypes(Bsm Ⅰ ) were defined with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism,so as to analyze distribution of Vitamin-D receptor gene (Bsm Ⅰ )polymorphisms of postmenopausal women in Han,Uygur, Kazak,Mongoloid nationality,and compared with the data of USA,Australia,France,Japan,Korea. Enumeration data were compared with Chi-square test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: VDR (Bsm Ⅰ ) polymorphisms in healthy postmenopausal women from Han, Uygur, Kazak, Mongoloid populations in China, which were compared with the data of USA, Australia,France, Japan, Korea.RESULTS: For women of Han, Uygur, Kazak and Mongoloid nationality,the BB genotypes accounted for 0, 4.1%, 6.35% and 4.46%, the bb genotypes accounted for 90.5%, 69.67%, 38.1% and 50% respectively. There was a significant difference between women of Han, Uygur, Kazak, and Mongoloid nationality(P ＜ 0.01). There was insignificant difference in comparation of distribtuion of VDR genotype between Kazak nationality and the west races, but it was significantly different to that in Japan,Korea races.CONCLUSION:VDR genotype polymorphisms is characterized by obvious racial diversify in postmenopausal women of Han,Uygur, Kazak,Mongoloid populations in China;Distribution of VDR gene frequency of Kazak population is similar with the west race ,but is different to Japanese and Korea's race.

Objective:To analyze the protective effects of adoptively transferring different patrilineal lymphocytes and their Exosomes ( Exo) on fetation of mice with pregnancy loss comparatively.Methods: The peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC) from healthy men and the splenocytes from BALB/c and DBA/2 male mice were induced in vitro ,and their Exo were isolated through sucrose gradient ultra-centrifugation combined with ultrafiltration.The mice of CBA/J (♀) mated with BALB/c (♂) were enrolled as control group of normal pregnancy ,and the CBA/J (♀) mated with DBA/2 (♂) as URSA of pregnancy loss experimental animal model.The mice in URSA group were randomly divided into each group with treatment through adoptively transferring , which were injected intravenously or subcutaneously with splenocytes or splenocytes -derived Exo from mated DBA/2,unmated DBA/2 or unrelated BALB/c,also PBMC-derived Exo from men,respectively.And then,the placenta volumes,rates of fetal absorption and pregnancy loss were calculated to observe the fetation of embryos.Results:Compared with the group of normal pregnancy ,the placenta volumes from URSA group decreased greatly ,and rates of fetal absorption and pregnancy loss elevated greatly ( all P<0.000 5 ).After transferring different sources of cells and their Exo through different injection ,the placenta volumes resumed to the level of normal pregnancy ,and the rates of fetal absorption and pregnancy loss decreased significantly ( all P<0.000 5 ).No differences were observed after treatment through injecting intravenously or subcutaneously ( all P>0.05 ).After transferring the Exo derived from either male mice or healthy men,the level of decreased fetal absorption rates were more than that in cellular-therapy groups ( all P<0.05 ).After transferring the Exo derived from men ,the level of decreased pregnancy loss rates were more than that in cellular -therapy groups and mice splenocytes-derived Exo group ( all P<0.05 ).Conclusion:Adoptively transferring patrilineal T lymphocytes and their Exo can greatly improve the fetation.Exo should become a non-cellular bio-remedy,which is expected to replace traditional immunotherapy of adoptively transferring lymphocytes.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism of multidrug resistance (MDR) in a human glioma cell and methods for overcoming multi-drug resistance.

METHODSMDR cell line C(6)/adr was established. The expression of the mdr-1 gene and its P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the C(6)/adr cell line was observed by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. The reversal of MDR by verapamil, erythromycin, dihydropyridine, P-gp monoclonal antibody and Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) was studied by microtiter tetrazolium (MTT) assay or by high performance liquid chromatographic assay.

RESULTSThe mdr-1 gene of the C(6)/adr cell line was positive, over-expressing P-gp. The drug-resistance of the C(6)/adr cell lines could be partly reversed by 2 - 6 microg/ml of verapamil, 50 - 100 microg/ml of erythromycin, or 5 microg/ml of dihydropyridine. As concentration increased, they had a better effect. Among these drugs, 100 microg/ml of erythromycin had the best result of reversal. Dihydropyridine 1 microg/ml, P-gp monoclonal antibody and SM had no effect.

CONCLUSIONThe mdr-1 gene and its expression might be associated with the MDR of glioma cells. Verapamil, erythromycin and dihydropyridine could reverse the MDR of glioma cells.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; genetics ; immunology ; Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacology ; Cell Survival ; genetics ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Erythromycin ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; drug effects ; Verapamil ; pharmacology

Wutou-Gancao herb-pair is extensively used to attenuate the toxicity and enhance the efficacy of aconite. In this study, potential synergic mechanism of the herb pair was investigated by utilizing multiple ap-proaches. In silico and in vitro Caco-2 cell models were applied to study the potential binding mode of bioactive ingredients existing in liquorice with P-glycoprotein (P-gp), as well as the inhibition effects on P-gp. Additionally, anti-inflammatory activity of aconitine (AC) combined with active ingredients of liquorice, as well as pharmacokinetic patterns of AC after co-administration was investigated. Anti-inflammatory effect of AC (1 mg/kg) in rats was enhanced in combination with bioactive ingredients of liquorice (10 mg/kg). In the meanwhile, the exposure of AC in vivo was altered, in terms of Cmax and AUC. For instance, the Cmax and AUC were increased to 1.9 and 1.3 folds, respectively, when used in combination with liquiritigenin. The in silico study revealed the potential binding mode with outward facing conformation of P-gp. The resulting data obtained from transport of rhodamine-123 (Rh-123) across Caco-2 cell monolayer further indicated that the function of P-gp was inhibited by chemicals in liquorice. The synergic effect was therefore proposed to be attributed to inhibition of P-gp by liquorice since AC has been demonstrated to be the substrate of P-gp. The resuls revealed that potential synergic mechanism of Wutou-Gancao herb-pair by inhibiting function of key efflux transporter P-gp to enhance the exposure of AC in systematic circulation, and further the anti-inflammatory effect, which helps clarify the compatibility rationale of these two herbs.

OBJECTIVETo investigate histopathology and proteinopathy in the spinal cord of patients with common neurodegenerative diseases.

METHODSSpinal cord tissues from clinically and neuropathologically confirmed neruodegnerative diseases were enrolled in this study, including 3 cases of multiple system strophy, 4 cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 5 cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD, included 2 cases of AD combined with Parkinson's disease), 2 cases of progressive supranuclear palsy, 1 case of dementia with lewy body and 1 case of corticobasal degeneration from 1955 to 2013 at Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital. Four normal control cases were also included. Routine HE and Gallyas-Braak staining, and immunohistochemical stainings for anti-PHF tau (AT8), anti-α-synuclein, anti-TDP-43 and anti-ubiquitin were performed.

RESULTSExamination of the spinal cord in 3 cases with multiple system strophy revealed severe neuron loss in the intermediolateral nucleus of thoracic segment and Onuf's nucleus of the sacral segment, along with moderate neuron loss in the anterior horn of the cervical segment and mild myelin pallor in the anterior funiculus and anterolateral funiculus in the cervical and thoracic segments. Large amount of argentophilic, ubiquitin and synuclein positive oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions were found widely distributed in the anterior horn and the anterior funiculus and anterolateral funiculus of the full spinal cord. Severe neuron loss and several morphological changes with gliosis in the anterior horn and severe loss of myelin in the anterior funiculus and anterolateral funiculus of the full spinal cord were observed in 4 cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 2 of which were found with Bunina bodies in neurons of the anterior horn. Three amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases had ubiquitin-positive neuronal inclusions and TDP-43 positive neuronal and glial inclusions in the anterior horn at cervical and lumbar segments. A few argentophilic, tau positive neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neuropil threads in the anterior horn at cervical and lumbar segments were found in 4 AD cases. Examination of spinal cord in 2 cases with Parkinson's disease combined with AD and 1 case with dementia with lewy body revealed severe neuron loss in the intermediolateral nucleus of thoracic segment, and a few synuclein positive lewy bodies and neuritis were also observed. There was mild neuron loss in the anterior horn at cervical and lumbar segments, along with some argentophilic, tau positive globous NFTs and many argentophilic, tau positive neutrophil threads were observed in 2 progressive supranuclear palsy cases and 1 corticobasal degeneration case.

CONCLUSIONEach common neurodegenerative diseases of the spinal cord including multiple system strophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease has its own specific histopathology and proteinopathy characteristics.

Alzheimer Disease ; pathology ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; pathology ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inclusion Bodies ; pathology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; pathology ; Neurofibrillary Tangles ; pathology ; Neurons ; pathology ; Parkinson Disease ; pathology ; Spinal Cord ; pathology ; Ubiquitin ; metabolism ; alpha-Synuclein ; metabolism

The enormous progress biotechnology, bioinformatics and nanotechnology made in recent years provides opportunities and scientific framework for development of biomedicine and constitutes a paradigm shift in pharmaceutical R&D and drug innovation. By analyzing the data and related information at R&D level over the past decades, developmental tendency and R&D patterns were summarized. We found that a growing number of biologics in the pipeline of pharma companies with successful products already in the market though, small molecular entities have primarily dominated drug innovation. Additionally, small/medium size companies will continue to play a key role in the development of small molecule drugs and biologics in a multi-channel integrated process. More importantly, modern and effective R&D strategies in biomedicine development to predict and evaluate efficacy and/or safety of 21st century therapeutics are urgently needed. To face new challenges, developmental strategies were proposed, in terms of molecular targeted medicine, generic drugs, new drug delivery system and protein-based drugs. Under the current circumstances, interdisciplinary cooperation mode and policy related to drug innovation in China were deeply discussed as well.