The nitrate-N content in KNO3 solution and soil was rapidly predicted using techniques of mid-infrared spectroscopy, in which 15 NO-3 and 14 NO-3 were distinguished and predicted. The results showed that the characteristic band of nitrate in solution and soil was 1200-1500 cm-1 , and compared with 14 NO-3 , the red shift of characteristic band of 15 NO-3 was about 35 cm-1 . In the characteristic band of nitrate, absorption band increased with the nitrate nitrogen concentration with less interference absorption. The linear regression was made between the first principal component of characteristic band and nitrate-N content, and correlation coefficient was more than 0 . 9840 , indicating that the technique of mid-infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy could be applied for rapid monitoring of nitrate in solution and soil. Meanwhile, based on the red shift characteristic of 15 NO-3 absorption band, the method of partial least squares were involved to predict the nitrate-N of different N-isotope labeled in solution and soil, resulting that all the prediction models reached excellent levels. For 14 NO3-N and 15 NO3-N in solution, the correlation coefficients ( R2 ) were 0. 9980 and 0. 9982 respectively, and ration performance to standard deviations ( RPD ) were 6. 44 and 4. 76, respectively. While for 14 NO3-N and 15 NO3-N in soil, the correlation coefficients ( R2 ) were 0. 9794 and 0. 9679, and RPD were 5. 75 and 4. 78, respectively. Therefore, the technique of mid-infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy can be applied for rapid monitoring different N-isotope labeled nitrate in solution and soil, to provide a new in situ and fast time method to study nitrification process in soil.

Objective To explore the significance of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in serum of children with hyperuricemia (HUA). Methods 142 children including 71 children with HUA (HUA group) and 71 control children (control group), healthy and inguinal hernia children were selected as control group. 71 HUA children were subdivided into GA (gout attacks) group (n=28) and NGA (non-gout attacks) group (n=43) according to whether they had a history of acute gout attacks, including sudden monoarthritis of rapid onset with intense pain and swelling or without. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the level of IL-1β and IL-6 in serum. Results Serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels of HUA children were significantly higher than those of control group (all P<0.05). Serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels of HUA children in GA group were significantly higher than those of NGA group (P<0.05). Serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels of GA group in acute phase was significantly higher than those of HUA children in remission stage、NGA group and control group (P<0.05). Serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels of GA group in remission stage and NGA group was significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between HUA children in remission stage and NGA group (P>0.05). The serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels of HUA children were positively correlated with WBC, neutrophils, monocytes, uric acid, ESR, CRP, BUN and Cr (all P<0.05), while not correlated with triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C(all P<0.05). Conclusion IL-1β and IL-6 play an important role in the pathogenesis of HUA in children.

Objective:To explore the values of fat saturation sequence in MRI for juvenile arthritis.Methods:A total of 1 131 cases with juvenile arthritis and 1 601 with symptomatic arthritis were examined by MRI normal T1 weighted imaging (T1WI) and T2 weighted imaging (T2WI)sequence and spectral presaturation attenuatedinversion recovery (SPAIR) T2 fat saturation sequence.All the images were independently evaluated by two senior doctors from the Department of Radiology and the Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology respectively to confirm the types and degree of pathological changes of joint tissues.Results:Among the subjects,847 patients demonstrated positive in MRI,accounting for 52.9％;409 patients showed positive in normal sequence,accounting for 48.3％;816 patients showed positive in fat saturation sequence,accounting for 96.3％.Joint hydrops accounted for 59.5％.Bone marrow edema accounted for 39.7％.The relevant ratio of bone marrow edema,joint hydrops,thickening of synovium and cartilage injuries in fat saturation sequence were higher than that in normal sequence (P＜0.05).The relevant ratio of bone erosion in normal sequence was higher than that in fat saturation sequence (P＜0.05).However,no significant difference of joint cysts was found between the fat saturation sequence and normal sequence (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Application of fat saturation sequence by MRI to check juvenile arthritis could obviously improve the positive MRI relevant ratio.In addition,the relevant ratio of the early pathological changes of juvenile arthritis (such as bone marrow edema and joint hydrops) was high,which might provide references for the early diagnosis of juvenile arthritis.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of the acetic acid K point stimulation in thestroke patients with dysphagia in the oral stage.Methods Eighty stroke patients with dysphagia in the oral stage after stroke who were treated in the department of rehabilitation medicine of Lishui People's Hospital from May 2014 to August 2016 were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group (n=40 in each group). The patients in the control group were given the routine nursing and the basic rehabilitation therapy. The patents in the experimental group were given the acetic acid K point stimulation on the basis of the routine nursing and the basic rehabilitation therapy. The patients in the two groups were evaluated by the X-ray videofluoroscopy swallowing study (VFSS) score and the oral function assessment before the treatment and two weeks after the treatment.Results The VFSS score and the oral function score of the patients in the experimental group were not significantly different from those in the control group before the treatment (control group:t=0.07,experimental group:t=0.03;P>0.05). After the treatment, the VFSS score and the oral function score were (9.40±3.75)and(9.72±4.70)respectively in the experimental group,and (6.20±2.19) and (6.55±3.60)in the control group (t=3.19, 5.79;P<0.01).Conclusions The routine nursing and the rehabilitation therapy combined with the acetic acid K point stimulation can improve the recovery of swallowing function of the stroke patients with dysphagia in the oral stage.

Objective:To explore urological nurses' knowledge, attitude and behavior about early activities in patients undergoing radical cystectomy and the influencing factors, and provide a reference for early activities to be successfully carried out in patients undergoing radical cystectomy.Methods:Totally 240 urological nurses from 10 hospitals in Guangdong Province were selected using convenient sampling and investigated with the general information questionnaire and the urological nurse's knowledge, attitude and behavior about early activities in patients undergoing radical cystectomy questionnaire between October and December 2018. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.Results:The urological nurses' knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores about early activities of patients undergoing radical cystectomy were (3.42±1.23) , (30.40±3.18) and (10.65±2.20) . Multiple linear regression showed that job title was the influencing factor of urological nurses' knowledge towards early activities in patients undergoing radical cystectomy ( P<0.05) ; working years in urology department, job title and whether they received early activity-related training were the influencing factors of urological nurses' attitude towards early activities in patients undergoing radical cystectomy ( P<0.05) ; whether their department carried out accelerated rehabilitation surgery and whether they received early activity-related training were the influencing factors of urological nurses' behavior about early activities in patients undergoing radical cystectomy ( P< 0.05) . Conclusions:Nurses have a good attitude towards early activities of patients undergoing radical cystectomy, but their knowledge reserves and behaviors are not satisfying. It is necessary to strengthen the training of nurses on the knowledge of early activities, formulate an early activity plan based on multi-disciplinary cooperation, and promote the proper and effective implementation of early activities in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the accuracy and consistency of the detection of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase domain point mutation among different laboratories.

METHODSEvery one of 6 laboratories prepared 10 cDNA samples from tyrosine kinase inhibitors resistant BCR-ABL (P210 or P190) positive patients'bone marrow or peripheral blood. Each cDNA sample was divided into 6 aliquots and delivered to the laboratories. All 6 laboratories tested BCR-ABL point mutations of 60 samples according to their own protocols. Peking University People's Hospital analyzed the comparison results based on both the reports and sequencing chromatogram from all laboratories.

RESULTSAll laboratories reported the same nucleotide and corresponding amino acid mutations in 37 samples (61.7%）. Of 60 samples, 53 had confirmed mutation types, and a total of 23 types were included; 1 had no mutation; mutation types of 6 samples could not be determined because of the big differences among chromatograms from different laboratories. Low percentages of mutants were significantly related to results inconsistency (P=0.008). Inconsistent result of one sample was caused by the unique chromatogram of the mutant L248V, and one by the non-coverage amplification of PCR product from different laboratories. Amplification was failed in 3 samples. Testing or sequencing mistakes occurred in 7 samples. The differences in the mutant percentages among laboratories were less than 20% in the 80.6% of samples with confirmed results. Low internal control gene copies (ABL<10 000) were significantly related to both failed amplification and big differences among chromatograms from different laboratories (P=0.005 and <0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONProblems in the clinical routine detection of BCR-ABL point mutation could be exposed and improvement could be achieved by sample exchange and comparison. Low percentage of mutant is the main reason which causes the discrepancy of BCR-ABL point mutation results among different laboratories.

Bone Marrow ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; genetics ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Background The threshold limit values (TLVs) established and regularly updated by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) are widely adopted and referenced globally, serving as a crucial reference for China's occupational exposure limits (OELs). It is necessary to track it regularly and compare it with China's OELs. Objective To compare the OELs stipulated in Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace—Part 1: Chemical hazardous agents (GBZ 2.1—2019) and the ACGIH TLVs (2024) and to provide references for subsequent formulation and revision of OELs in China. Methods The OELs specified in GBZ 2.1—2019 and the TLVs issued by ACGIH were used to establish a database using Microsoft Excel 2019 software. Cross verification was conducted through matching Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers (CAS Rn) and both Chinese and English names to ensure accuracy. Then, comparisons and analyses were carried out based on the type of limit values, which were matched as follows: permissible concentration-time weighted average (PC-TWA) with threshold limit value-time weighted average (TLV-TWA), permissible concentration-short term exposure limit (PC-STEL) with threshold limit value-short term exposure limit (TLV-STEL), and maximum allowable concentration (MAC) with threshold limit value-ceiling (TLV-C). Comparisons included types, quantities, and sizes of limits. Results The GBZ 2.1—2019 OELs and the ACGIH TLVs (2024) were generally consistent in terms of types and definitions, but there were differences in the number and size of the limits. In terms of the number of limits, GBZ 2.1—2019 specified 365 OELs for 358 chemical hazardous agents, while ACGIH TLVs (2024) included 316 corresponding limits. Among these, 148 (46.9%) limits were consistent, 38 (12.0%) were basically consistent, and 130 (41.1%) were inconsistent. In terms of the size of the limits, out of the 130 inconsistent limits, 51 OELs were lower than the corresponding TLVs, 67 OELs were higher than the corresponding TLVs, and 12 were under different limit types. For some chemical hazardous agents, their OELs were significantly lower or higher than their TLVs. Conclusion Some of the OELs for chemical hazardous agents specified in GBZ 2.1—2019 are significantly lower or higher than the TLVs. For these chemical hazardous factors, it is recommended to prioritize their inclusion in research projects and to complete the revisions as soon as possible based on the latest scientific evidence.