Objectives To investigate the prevalence of childhood asthma in 2000～2010,to find the changes of childhood asthma in distribution characteristics,precipitating factors,diagnosis and treatment status,and to provide scientific data for the improvement of the prevention and management of asthma in children in Kunming city,China.Methods Children were selected by random cluster sampling.Standardized preliminary questionnaire was used for screening out possible patients in the two surveys of 2000 and 2010.Diagnosis of asthma was confirmed by diagnostic criteria in suspected asthmatic children.Asthmatic children were further asked for past diagnosis and treatment with the questionnaire of asthma in children.Double entry and validation were adopted for all data and analysis was carried out using Epi-Info software.Results Compared with 2000,the total asthma incidence rate increased significantly from 0.88％ to 1.40％ (x 2=12.52,P＜0.05),the coincidence rate of final diagnosis and previous diagnosis increased from 22.8％ to 51.3％ (x2 =19.23,P ＜0.05) and the proportion of acute exacerbation of asthma reduced from 40.2％ to 19.3％ (x 2 =12.54,P＜0.05) in 2010.Compared with 2000,Antibiotics use rate reduced from 97.8％ to 80.0％ (x 2=14.28,P ＜0.05) and the proportion of inhaled corticosteroid increased from 12.0％ to 64.0％ (x 2=60.53,P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with 10 years ago,the total asthma incidence of childhood asthma aged 0 ～ 14 year old in Kunming city was significantly increased.The coincidence rate of final diagnosis and previous diagnosis increased and the proportion of acute exacerbation of asthma reduced.Antibiotics use rate reduced and the proportion of inhaled corticosteroid increased.The treatment and management of asthma in children awaits improvement as well,especially in reducing the rate of missed diagnosis in children with asthma and regulating the use of corticosteroids and bronchodilators inhaling treatment and reduces the use of the proportion of antibiotics.