Irritable bowel syndrome( IBS)is a common functional gastrointestinal disease,relevant investigations on pathogenesis of IBS mainly focus on genetic susceptibility, social psychological stress, visceral hypersensitivity, dysregulation of brain-gut axis,dysbiosis of intestinal flora,and dysimmunity of intestinal mucosa. This article reviewed the correlation between dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and dysregulation of brain-gut axis in IBS.

Functional gastrointestinal disease is a group of clinical syndrome of non-organic disease. Its various clinical symptoms have a certain specificity and overlap phenomenon, and the mechanism is not clear. TCM believes thatphychological factorsare an important cause. Emotion failurecan effect spleen and stomach functionthrough liver and heart directly or indirectly.At present, the phychological factors and the relationship between functional gastrointestinal disease are getting attentiongradually. It is recognized that the mechanism of phychological factorsmay be related to brain axis dysfunction, mast cell activation, intestinal flora and so on. This article expounded the above-mentioned mechanism and reviewed the detailed TCM intervention measures to functional gastrointestinal disease in recent years.

Objective To observe the effect of Rhy-SLN on the proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) induced by TGF-β1, and explore the mechanism. Methods The primary culture of rat thoracic aortic vascular smooth muscle cells was studied by tissue block culture method. The cells were divided into the control group, TGF-β1 group, TGF-β1+ the high, medium and low dosage groups of Rhy-SLN. In addition to the control group, the cells of the other groups were involved in the intervention of TGF-β1 of 20 g/L, and the high, medium and low dosage groups of Rhy-SLN cells were involved in the intervention of 25, 50, 100 mg/L of the hook teng solid lipid nanoparticles. After 24 hours of culture, MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation inhibition rate in each group, and the cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of c-myc and c-Fos protein in each group was detected by Western blot method. Results Compared with the TGF-β1 group, the absorbance value (0.457 ± 0.046 vs. 0.975 ± 0.049) of TGF-β1+ rhy-sln high dose group significantly decreased (P<0.01); the number of S phase cells (15.87% ± 2.47%, 15.23% ± 1.69%, 17.02% ± 2.87% vs.38.58% ± 2.68%)of TGF-β1+rhy-sln in each dose group significantly decreased(P<0.01);The c-myc(48.65 ±3.65,50.69 ± 4.16,55.29 ± 3.67 vs.68.21 ± 3.25)and c-Fos(38.78 ± 4.25,43.56 ± 3.69,46.58 ± 3.57 vs.66.54 ± 4.09) of the TGF-β1+ rhy-sln each dose group significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusions The Rhy-SLN can inhibit the proliferation of VSMC in rats induced by TGF-β1.Its mechanism is related to the conversion of G0/G1 phase to the S phase and the expression of the reduction of c-myc and c-fos protein.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of a rapid respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antigen detection in point-of-care testing (POCT). Method: A total of 209 specimens, including 78 throat swabs (TS) and 131 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs), were collected from inpatients who visited the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics and were diagnosed as acute respiratory infection from 5 January to 7 February, 2015. These specimens were tested for RSV by a rapid antigen detection kit which was compared with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) for RSV detection. Result: Compared with DFA for NPAs, the sensitivity and specificity of rapid antigen detection were 83.9% and 97.3%, respectively, with Kappa value of 0.86; Compared with RT-PCR, the sensitivity (NPAs, 74.2%; TS, 77.8%) and specificity (NPAs, 100.0%; TS, 92.0%) of rapid antigen detection were high, too, with Kappa value of 0.74 in NPAs and 0.62 in TS. However, the RSV positive rate of rapid antigen detection in TS (21.7%) from pediatric patients with acute lower respiratory tract infection was lower than that in NPAs (78.3%), as well as that of RT-PCR (7.3% in TS verse 78% in NPAs). The RSV rapid antigen detection kit can be finished in about 10 minutes. Conclusion With characteristics of high specificity, high sensitivity, being rapid, efficient and easy to operate in comparison with DFA and RT-PCR, RSV rapid antigen detection in this study is suitable for POCT. For pediatric patients with acute respiratory tract infection, NPA was better than TS for RSV detection.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of nutritional risk among hospitalized patients with gynecologic tumor and provide a reference for nutritional intervention.Methods:Hospitalized patients with gynecologic tumor in a grade A class 3 hospital in Beijing were consecutively enrolled from December 2016 to December 2017. Nutritional risk was measured by nutritional risk screening 2002(NRS 2002)within the first 24 h after admission. The relevant influencing factors were analyzed.Results:A total of 1 500 hospitalized patients who met entry criteria and obtained informed consent were consecutively enrolled. The prevalence of nutritional risk was 23.1%, and 53.1 % patients had at least one nutrition-related problem. The analysis of relevant influencing factors showed that patients of age under 30 years and over 50 years( χ2=108.014, P<0.01), malignancy( χ2=112.197, P<0.01), low differentiation pathological type( χ2=251.392, P<0.01), chemotherapy( χ2=339.999, P<0.01)accompanied with vomiting( χ2=121.402, P<0.01), diarrhea( χ2=49.920, P<0.01)had the relatively high prevalence rate of nutritional risk. Pathological stage and operation had no significant effect( P>0.05). Conclusions:The prevalence of nutritional risk among hospitalized patients with gynecologic tumor is relatively high. The main relevant influencing factors include age, kinds of diseases, pathological type, chemotherapy, vomiting and diarrhea.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of transforming growth factor β1( TGF-β1) type Ⅰ receptor kinase inhibitor SB431542 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition( EMT) induced by paraquat in type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells A549. METHODS: A549 cells were randomly divided into control group,paraquat group and TGF-β1 blockade group,with3 samples in each group. The cells in the control group were cultured without any treatment,cells in paraquat group were stimulated by paraquat of a final concentration of 20 μmol/L,cells in TGF-β1 blockade group were treated with paraquat with a final concentration of 20 μmol/L and SB431542 with a final concentration of 20 μg/L. After 5 days,cultured cells were harvested and observed for morphologic and phenotypic characteristics using inverted phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope. Cell migration was assayed by Transwell chamber. The expression of target protein was detected by Western blot. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the TGF-β1 levels. RESULTS: Under inverted phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope,A549 cells in control group grew normally,cells in paraquat group changed from epithelial morphology to mesenchymal morphology,cells in TGF-β1 blockade group reversed to epithelial cell morphology. The results of cell migration showed that the number of cells in the paraquat group passed through the membrane was higher than that in the control group and TGF-β1 blockade group( P < 0. 05). The relative expression of E-cadherin and zonula occluden-1 in paraquat group was decreased( P < 0. 05),while the relative expression of vimentin,α-smooth muscle actin,type I collagen,the phosphorylation Smad and Mad related protein( p-Smad) 2 and p-Smad3 was elevated( P < 0. 05),compared to control group and TGF-β1 blockade group. The levels of total TGF-β1 and active TGF-β1 increased in paraquat group than that in control group( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Paraquat induced EMT in A549 cells by activating TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. Early treatment with SB431542 can inhibit paraquatinduced EMT by blocking TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of a rapid respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV ) antigen detection in point-of-care testing (POCT).Method A total of 209 specimens, including 78 throat swabs (TS) and 131 nasopharyngeal aspirates ( NPAs), were collected from inpatients who visited the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics and were diagnosed as acute respiratory infection from 5 January to 7 February , 2015.These specimens were tested for RSV by a rapid antigen detection kit which was compared with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) and direct immunofluorescence assay ( DFA ) for RSV detection. Result Compared with DFA for NPAs , the sensitivity and specificity of rapid antigen detection were 83.9% and 97.3%, respectively , with Kappa value of 0.86; Compared with RT-PCR, the sensitivity ( NPAs, 74.2%; TS, 77.8%) and specificity ( NPAs, 100.0%;TS, 92.0%) of rapid antigen detection were high , too, with Kappa value of 0.74 in NPAs and 0.62 in TS.However , the RSV positive rate of rapid antigen detection in TS ( 21.7%) from pediatric patients with acute lower respiratory tract infection was lower than that in NPAs (78.3%), as well as that of RT-PCR (7.3%in TS verse 78%in NPAs).The RSV rapid antigen detection kit can be finished in about 10 minutes.Conclusion With characteristics of high specificity , high sensitivity , being rapid , efficient and easy to operate in comparison with DFA and RT-PCR, RSV rapid antigen detection in this study is suitable for POCT.For pediatric patients with acute respiratory tract infection , NPA was better than TS for RSV detection.

Objective To evaluate the risk of bias and reporting quality in randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of the Chinese medicine injection for acute cerebral infarction in the last five years.Methods RCTs literature on Chinese medicine injection in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction was systematically searched in CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,China Biology Medicine Database(CBM),PubMed,Embase and Cochrane Library from April 20,2018 to April 20,2023.The risk of bias and reporting quality of included RCTs were evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool(ROB 1.0)and CONSORT-CHM Formulas 2017,respectively.Results A total of 4 301 articles were retrieved,and 408 RCTs were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.The ROB evaluation results showed that the the majority of studies were rated as having an unclear risk of bias due to the lack of reporting on allocation concealment,blind method,trial registration information,and funding sources.The evaluation results of CONSORT-CHM Formulas 2017 showed that the number of reported papers of 17 items was greater than or equal to 50%,and the number of reported papers of 25 items was less than 10%,and most of the RCTs did not show the characteristics of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment.Conclusion The quality of Chinese medicine injection in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction RCTs is generally low.It is recommended that researchers refer to the methodology design of RCTs and international reporting standards,improve the trial design,standardize the trial report,and highlight the characteristics of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment.

ObjectiveTo investigate the identification of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome of patients with osteoporosis（OP）， and to form the clinical syndrome identification rules of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）. MethodBasic information， etiology， clinical symptoms and other characteristics of 982 OP patients were included， and statistical tests were used to screen the variables associated with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome. Taking the decision tree as the base model， bootstrap aggregation algorithm（Bagging algorithm） was utilized to establish the classification model of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in OP， generating numerous rules and removing redundancy. Combining least absolute shrinkage and selection operator（LASSO） regression to screen key rules and integrate them to construct an identification model， achieving the identification of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in OP patients. ResultEighteen key identification rules were screened out， and of these， where 11 rules with regression coefficients>0 correlated positively with the kidney Yang deficiency syndrome， the rule with the highest coefficient was chilliness（present）&feverish sensation over the palm and sole（absent）. The other 7 rules with regression coefficients<0 correlated negatively with the syndrome， the rule with the lowest coefficient was reddish tongue（present）&diarrhea（absent）&deficiency of endowment（absent）. According to the regression coefficients of each key rule， variables with importance>0.2 were ranked as chilliness， reddish tongue， feverish sensation over the palm and sole， cold limbs， clear urine， diarrhea， deficiency of endowment， prolonged illness. The results of the partial dependence analysis of the identification model showed that compared to OP patients without chilliness， those with chilliness（present） had a 0.266 8 higher probability of being identified as having kidney Yang deficiency syndrome， indicating that this variable had the highest impact on identification of the syndrome. Similarly， compared to OP patients without reddish tongue， those with reddish tongue had a 0.141 9 lower probability of being identified as having kidney Yang deficiency syndrome， indicating that this variable had the highest impact on identifying non-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome. The accuracy， sensitivity， specificity and area under receiver operating characteristic curve（AUC） of the established kidney Yang deficiency syndrome identification model in the test set were 0.865 9， 0.853 7， 0.872 0 and 0.931 5， respectively. ConclusionA precise identification model of OP kidney Yang deficiency syndrome is conducted basing on the rule ensemble method of Bagging combining LASSO regression， and the screened key rules can explain the identification process of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome. In this research， according to the regression coefficients of rules， the importance and partial dependence of variables， combined with the thinking of TCM， the influence of patient characteristics on the identification of syndromes is described， so as to reveal the primary and secondary syndromes of identification and assist the clinical identification of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome.

This study used the Appraisal of Guidelines Research & Evaluation-Health Systems （AGREE-HS） to demonstratively compare 34 global coronavirus disease-2019 （COVID-19） health systems guidance documents （HSGs） and 6 World Health Organization （WHO） standard HSGs. The comparison involved topic， participants， methods， recommendations， and implementability， with the aim of exploring the characteristics of emergency HSGs. The results showed that the emergency HSGs had an overall average score of 49%， with topic having the highest score， recommendations having the second highest score， and participants having the lowest score. The standard HSGs had an overall average score of 79%， with high scores in all items. The emergency HSGs had lower scores in participants， methods， recommendations， and implementability than the standard HSGs （P<0.001）， while the COVID-19 emergency HSGs developed by the WHO had higher score in topic than the standard HSGs （P<0.05）. Compared with those released by countries， the COVID-19 emergency HSG developed by the WHO showed superiority in all items and overall scores （P=0.000 2）. This indicates that emergency HSGs， represented by the COVID-19 emergency HSG， place equal emphasis on topic and recommendations as standard HSGs but have low requirements in terms of expert participation， evidence support， and comprehensive consideration in the time- and resource-limited context. They have the characteristics of prominent topics， clear purposes， orientation to demand， keeping up with the latest evidence， flexible adjustment， and timeliness， emphasizing immediate implementation effects， weakening long-term effects， and focusing on comprehensive benefits. Additionally， developers， types， and report completeness are important influencing factors.