Coronary heart disease(CHD) is the leading cause of death among women worldwide.Recent technological advances in cardiovascular diagnosis and treatment have not led to significant declines in mortality for women with CHD when compared to the dramatic declines for men.Owing to the gender differences of physiology and social circumstances,women with CHD may have different manifestations as compared to men with CHD.Recently,research has shown that women with CHD had mainly the following characteristics:special risk factors,atypical ischemia symptoms,multiple risk factors and comorbidities at initial physician consultation,higher under-treatment rate and higher mortality rate.At the same time,most CHD researches have paid little attention to women.Therefore,the current CHD guidelines may not be completely suitable for women.In order to improve the prevention and treatment of CHD in women,we advocate to enhance research and clinical work for women with CHD. Abstract:Summ ary:Coronary heart d isease(CHD) is the lead ing cause of death among wom en worldw ide.Recent technological advances in card iovascu lar d iagnosis and treatm ent have not led to sign ificant dec lines in mortality for wom en w ith CHD when compared to the dram atic dec lines form en.Ow ing to the gender d ifferences of physiology and soc ial c ircum stances,wom en w ith CHD m ay have d ifferent m an ifestations as compared to m en w ith CHD.Recently,research has shown that wom en w ith CHD had m ain ly the follow ing characteristics: spec ial risk factors,atyp ical ischem ia symptom s,mu ltip le risk factors and comorb id ities at in itial physic ian consu ltation,h igher under-treatm ent rate and h igher mortality rate.At the sam e tim e,most CHD researches have paid little attention to wom en.Therefore,the current CHD gu idelines m ay not be comp letely su itab le forwom en.In order to improve the prevention and treatm ent of CHD in wom en,we advocate to enhance research and c lin ical work for wom en w ith CHD.

Ascending and descending efferent projections of superior coUiculus were indentified by means of the anterograde horseradish peroxidase technique in the cat.Following injections of HRP into the rostral superior colliculus, a large number of labeled terminals were found mainly in several of the ipsilateral thalamic nuclei:ventromedial division of the ventral nucleus of the lateral geniculate body, zona incerta,lateral posterior nucleus, parafasciculus nucleus and centromedian nucleus. The mediodorsal nucleus and thalamic reticular nucleus were also found mildly labeled.Labeling were most heavily concentrated in the ipsilateral dorsolateral division of pontine nucleus and caudal region of parabigeminal nucleus. The dorsal part of medial accessory olivary was the only nucleus labeled contralaterally. After injecting HRP into the caudal superior colliculus, only the dorsolateral division of pontine nucleus was densely labeled, while labeled terminals of caudal parabigeminal nucleus signifcantly reduced in amount. No labeled terminals were found in the thalamus as well as medial accessory olivary nucleus. These results indicate that the efferent connections of superior colliculus are topographically organized.

The different distributions of substance P(SP)-and leucine-enkephalin (L-ENK)-like immunoreactive neurons in the midbrain raphe nuclei of the rats have been studied, using PAP immunocytochemical technique. The results showed four main points: 1. SP-containing immunoreactive cell bodies were only seen in the most caudal part of the dorsal raphe nucleus, the average number of SP-positive cell bodies was about 167 in each animal. The L-ENK-like immunoreactive positive cell bodies were found almost in the whole length of the dorsal raphe nucleus, the L-ENK-positive cell bodies were about 132 in each animal. 2. L-ENK-Iike immunoreactive perikarya were mainly located in the midline area of the dorsal raphe nucleus. Besides the above areas, SP-containing immunoreactive cell bodies were also located bilaterally in the extended area from the raphe. 3. L-ENK-containing immunoreactive cell bodies constantly appeared in the median raphe nuclei, the average number was about 199 in each animal, but SP-containing immunoreactive bodies were only observed in this nucleus of two rats. 4. Some SP-like immunoreactive cell bodies or processes were observed in the vincinty of vascular walls, but the L-ENK positive neurons were not found similar results. The present experiment showed that the SP-like immunoreactive perikarya is located in the median raphe nuclei of the rat.

The topographical projection between the parabigeminal nucleus and the superiorcolliculus in the cat was investigated by retrograde and anterograde HRP tracingtechnique.Following HRP injection in the rostral superior colliculus,the labeledsomata were found predominantly in the rostral region of contralateral parabigeminalnucleus,but labeled terminals were heavily distributed in the ipsilateral parabigeminalnucleus,mainly in the caudal region.Following injection of HRP into caudal superiorcolliculus,the labeled somata and terminals were seen in ipsilateral parabigeminalnucleus,chiefly in caudal part,but their number was significantly decreased.It wasnoted that the labeled somata were sparse but labeled terminals were not found inthe parabigeminal nucleus,when the injection was restricted to superficial layers ofsuperior colliculus.After HRP injection into deeper layers of superior colliculus,there existed not only the labeled somata but also the labeled terminals in theparabigeminal nucleus,the former was distributed in bilateral parabigeminal nucleus,the latter in ipsilateral nucleus,chiefly in the caudal part.These results show thatthere are topographical connections between the parabigeminal nucleus and superiorcolliculus,and the parental somata contributing axons to the parabigeminal nucleusare located in deeper layers of the ipsilateral superior colliculus.

BACKGROUND:Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury has been shown to exhibit gender difference, but its precise mechanisms deserve further investigations. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the differential expression of microRNAs in the kidney between female and male mice in order to study the effects and mechanisms of microRNA in pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury between different genders. METHODS:Male and female mice received kidney ischemia for 45 minutes and reperfusion injury for 24 hours. Simultaneously, male and female sham surgery groups served as controls. The microRNA gene chip technology was used to detect the differences of microRNA expression in the kidney of male and female mice at 45 minutes after ischemia and 24 hours of reperfusion as wel as after sham surgery. The threshold of difference in expression among samples was double. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Five microRNAs were up-regulated between female and male ischemia-reperfusion injury groups. Twenty-nine microRNAs differential y expressed in the female ischemia-reperfusion group and female sham surgery group, including 25 up-regulated microRNAs and 4 down-regulated microRNAs. Thirty-eight microRNAs differential y expressed in male ischemia-reperfusion injury group and male sham surgery group, including 9 up-regulated microRNAs and 29 down-regulated microRNAs. 102 microRNAs differential y expressed in the female sham surgery group and male sham surgery group, including 22 up-regulated microRNAs and 80 down-regulated microRNAs. Results suggested that there was differential expression in microRNAs in the kidney before and after renal ischemia-reperfusion in male and female mice. These differential y expressed microRNAs may be lead to different sensitivity and tolerance to the ischemia-reperfusion injury in the kidney of male and female mice.

The present investigation was performed on six adult cats. The morphology and distribution of the labeled cells in the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNv) were observed. Following the injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the deeper layers of the superior colliculus the labeled cells were found to concentrate ipsilaterally in the ventral part of the rostromedial division of the LGNv. The HRP-positive cells were composed of large-sized, smaller, round and oval ceils. In the cases of injection of HRP into the rostral pretectum, the HRP-positive cells were seen bilaterally in the caudolateral division of LGNv mainly in the contralateral part, while the labeled cells were found ipsilaterally in the ventral part of caudolateral division after injection of HRP into the caudal pretectum. These cells were smaller than that large ones of superior colliculus injection. The results indicate that the projection of the LGNv to the superior colliculus and pretectum is organized topographically.

Objective To assess the change of left ventricular wall motion at ventricular pacing(VP)by using global circumferential strain (GCS) and segmental circumferential strain of speckle tracking imaging(STI). Methods Seven adult pigs were sedated,followed by median sternotomy and opening of the pericardium. Temporary pacing leads were placed on the right ventricular (RV) epicardium and LV epicardium for RV or LV pacing. A LV short axis view at the mid-level LV was acquired at sinus and VP rhythm. Analysis of circumferential strain by STI was performed offline. The onset of QRS wave was used to characterize the beginning of the cardiac cycle, and the ratio of beginning systolic time, end systolic time and total systolic time to cardiac cycle dyssynchrony was analyzed at sinus and VP rhythm. Results Compared with sinus rhythm,in VP rhythm all of the ratio of the beginning systolic time,end systolic time and total systolic time to cardiac cycle were increased (all P ＜0.05), and the construction of six segments were dyssynchrony,even segmental paradoxical movement. At VP ≥130 beats/min,both LV global and LV segments sometimes showed irregular motion while the EKG remained normal, which included: ( 1 ) multiple construction and diastole in one heart cycle; (2) A large variability of construction amplitude in several consecutive cardiac cycles. Conclusions VP can lead to several kinds of disturbance of left ventricular wall motion, including delay and lengthening of LV systole, dyssynchrony, and irregularity of systole and diastole.

Objective To analyze the treatment effects of cervical disc herniation treated by ozone combined with radiofrequency ther-mocoagulation. Methods Ninety cases of cervical intervertebral disc herniation were collected from our hospital in July 2009 to December 2013,who were treated by ozone combined with radiofrequency thermocoagulation. The patients were followed up for at least 3~6 months and the improvement rate was calculated according to the Macnab improved standard. Results All the patients were followed up for at least 3~6 months,according to the Macnab standard improved,50 cases were excellent,good in 25 cases,in 10 cases and poor in 5 cases,the improve-ment rate was 94. 4%. Conclusion The treatment of cervical disc herniation by ozone combined with radiofrequency thermocoagulation is one of the interventional therapy methods,which is minimally invasive and relatively safe. The treatment method has the following advantages, such as,satisfactory effect,accurate operation safety,less complications and without destroying the stability of the spinal structure.

Objective To Screen serum protein markers related to CRF and establish a diagnosis model,exploring and discussing its significance in serodiagnosis by comparing differences of serum protein spectrum expression between patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and control group.Methods The trial included 62 CRF patients and 28 control ones.Serum samples were tested by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS).The data were analyzed to screen serum proteomic biomarkers.By bioinformatics analysis,decision classification tree models were to be established and tested.Results A total of 19 effective protein peaks were significantly different between CRF and normal control (P＜0.001) at m/z range of 1 500 to 30 000,among which 18 showed low expression and 1 showed high expression in CRF.CRF and normal control were obviously different in the clustering;By bioinformatics analysis,a CRF-normal controls of the diagnostic decision tree model was developed,which was 87.8% in with prediction accuracy rate of 87.8% sensitivity of 87.1% and a specificity of 89.3%.Condusion Diagnostic decision tree model provides a more accurate prediction and solid experimental evidence for early clinical diagnosis.

Objective:To study the predictive value of the amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) within 6 hours and 3 days after birth and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) on the adverse neurobehavioral development of asphyxiated preterm infants at the correction age of 6 months.Methods:From December 2017 to June 2019, 50 asphyxiated preterm infants who were delivered at the obstetrical department transferred to the division of neonatology in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were monitored by aEEG within 6 hours after birth, then once a day for at least 4 h. MRI was administered at 40 weeks of corrected age, neuromotor developmental function of the infants was assessed by the Geisel developmental diagnostic scale at 6 months of corrected age, then the infants were divided into good prognosis group and poor prognosis group according to the assessment results. SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.The software of SPSS 19.0 was used to analyze the data.Independent sample t-test and χ 2 test were used to analyze the difference between the two groups.The relationship between aEEG grading and MRI, and their predictive value for adverse neurobehavioral development were analyzed at 6 months of corrected age. Results:The degree of white matter damage( H=24.896) and intracranical hemorrhage( H=29.245) of premature infants with different aEEG clinical grades were different (both P<0.01) on MRI. The sensitivity of aEEG within 6 hours and 3 days after birth on predicting poor prognosis was 96.2% and 97.8%, the specificity was 56.2% and 62.5%, the negative predictive value was 98.2% and 99.0%, the positive predictive value was 37.8% and 52.3%, the correct index was 52.4% and 60.3%, respectively. The aEEG was combined with MRI, the sensitivity (90.0%, 97.0%), specificity (89.0%, 99.0%), negative predictive value (99.2%, 99.5%), positive predictive value (80.6%, 88.5%), and correct index (79%, 96%) were all improved. Conclusion:The combination of aEEG grading and MRI can improve the prognostic value on neurodevelopmental prognosis, and provide a better evaluation basis for clinical follow-up and intervention of asphyxiated premature infants with brain injury.