OBJECTIVE:To determine surgical outcome of patients who underwent trabeculectomy in our institution METHODOLOGY:The medical records of glaucoma patient who underwent primary trabeculectomy from 1998 - 2000 in our institution are reviewed.All types of glaucoma are included except congenital and developmental glaucoma.Surgical outcome is assessed in terms of final intraocular pressure (IOP).Outcome is defined as a success when the post-operative IOP is 21 mm Hg or lower.The operation is a failure if IOP is greater than 21 mm Hg despite medication and suture lysis.Data are analyzed using the Chi-Square test. RESULTS: 56 eyes of 45 patients are included in the study.Mean age is 59 - 70 years with s standard deviation (SD) of +_9.50.Mean follow-up is 8 months (SD +_7.97).Of the the 56 eyes, success is obtained in 43 eyes (76%), qualified success is achieved in 8 eyes (14.3%) and failure is seen in 5 eyes (8.9% which is evident on the 14th month +_ 11.39 months.There is a significant number of unsuccessful cases when compared to failed cases (p<(p<0.05 ) respectively.However, no sigificant difference existed between qualified success and failed cases (p<0,05).Increase in pressure is observed between 5 and 10 months after trabeculectomy.Mean pressure is highest during the 5th month. CONCLUSION:There is a high success rate of patients who underwentrabeculectomy in our institution
Human ; GLAUCOMA ;

Objective: To determine the occurrence of the various types of glaucoma seen at the Ophthalmology Department of a tertiary training hospital. Methodology: Descriptive study based on the medical records available at the glaucoma clinic of a tertiary training hospital from January 1999 to August 2000 Results: 310 medical records were reviewed of which 34.84 percent were of males and 65.16 percent females. 84 percent of the patients were older than 40 years old. 54.83 percent of the patients had primary glaucomas of which primary angle closure (34.83 percent) was the most common followed by the open angle type (20 percent). 12.58 percent of the patients had secondary glaucomas Conclusion: The predominant form of glaucoma in the region remains to be primary angle closure and this has been demonstrated in this present study.
Human ; Male ; Female ; Aged 80 and over ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Child ; EY DISEASES ; GLAUCOMA ; GLAUCOMA/CLASSIFICATION ; GLAUCOMA/EPIDEMIOLOGY ; GLAUCOMA, ANGLE-CLOSURE ; GLAUCOMA, OPEN-ANGLE ; HOSPITALS ; HOSPITAL/CLASSIFICATION

To analyze the results of intraocular pressure reduction by diode laser contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) in eyes with neovascular glaucoma, six eligible eyes (6 patients) diagnosed with neovascular glaucoma, were treated with the IRIS Medical Oculight SLx diode laser (810 nm) system.19-20 laser applications at 1.25 to 2.0 W and 2.0 second duration were done with the G-Probe fiberoptic delivery system.Mean pre-treatment IOP was 41+_ 8.334 mm Hg (range 30 to 55 mm Hg).All eyes were painful.Vision ranged from 2o/200 to LP.After average follow up of 7 months (13 to 1 month), mean IOP reduction was 23.33 +_ 8.358 mm Hg (range 18 to 40 mm Hg)Vision did not worsen in all eyes,Two eyes depost-operative hyphema, which cleared spontaneously within days.None developed phthisis bulbi.Contact diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation reduces pain and intraocular pressure in eyes with neovascular glaucoma.
Human ; GLAUCOMA

To determine changes in intraocular pressure before and after breastfeeding, 21 lactating mothers, aged 20 - 36 (mean age = 28), who delivered vaginally without complications, were studied.After instillation of topical anesthetics, the Tonopen was used to take the intraocular pressure (IOP) in millimeters Mercury (mm Hg) 1 hour prior to and immediately after breast-feeding.Three pressure readings were recorded and averaged in each determination.Using the paired T-test, a post-lactation increase in IOP of 0.6 +_ 3.1 mm Hg;(p=0.412) was noted on the right eye;an IOP increased of 2.3+_ 3.7 mm Hg;(p=0.010) was noted on the left eye.
Human ; Female ; Adult ; BREASTFEEDING ; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE MEASUREMENT ; LACTATION ; OXYTOXIN

PURPOSE:To determine the outcomes of acute angle closure glaucoma management. METHODOLOGY:Case-control study using computer-aided imaging as a screening test in a given population. RESULTS:There is a wide variability in cup and disc areas among g normals CONCLUSION:C:D alone has a poor predictive value for diagnosing glaucoma.Optic disc size with C:D is just as sensitive and specific in screening for glaucoma.Cup and disc areas are positively correlated for normal and glaucoma suspects.
Human ; GLAUCOMA ;

Intraocular pressure was determined in 20 dialysis patients before, during and after dialysis. We examined the blood pressure, body weight and visual acuity before and after treatment. After dialysis, there was no statistically significant difference in blood pressure and body weight. No blurring of vision was noted. But a significant increase was noted in the intraocular pressure during dialysis. It is not yet clear what was the cause of intraocular pressure rise during dialysis. This. study suggests that all patients should undergo an ophthalmologic examination prior to dialysis. (Author)
Human ; Male ; Female ; Aged 80 and over ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; DIALYSIS ; RENAL DIALYSIS/ADVERSE EFFECTS ; PERITONEAL DIALYSIS/ADVERSE EFFECTS ; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE ; HUMANS ; MALE ; FEMALE

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the degree of myopia.
METHODS: A total of 28 eyes of 14 healthy subjects with myopia, 9 eyes with low myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] between -0.75 D and -3.00 D) and 19 eyes with moderate to high myopia (SE >-3.0 D), were included. Total average
and mean quadrant RNFL thicknesses were measured by Stratus OCT. Associations between RNFL measurements and spherical equivalent refraction were evaluated by linear regression analysis.
RESULTS: Twenty two out of 28 eyes were classified as below normal limits with reference to the normative database of the RNFL thickness. There was a significant correlation between refraction and average RNFL thickness (p=0.04), indicating that for every decrease of 1.00 D in refraction (more myopic), there was a 2.86 µm decrease in the average RNFL thickness. The most frequently abnormal sector was at the nasal quadrant, where 78% of myopic eyes were below normal limits. A significant correlation was seen between refraction and nasal RNFL thickness (p=0.02), showing a decrease of 3.37 µm in the nasal RNFL thickness for every 1.00 D decrease. There was also a significant correlation between refraction and inferior RNFL thickness (p=0.007). For every decrease of 1.00 D in refraction, there was a decrease of 6.27 µm in the inferior RNFL thickness. There were no significant correlations between the refraction and the superior and temporal RNFL thickness (p = 0.12 and 0.64, respectively).
CONCLUSION: There was a decrease in the average RNFL thickness as the refractive error became more myopic, suggesting the need for the Stratus OCT RNFL normative database to have corrective factors for refractive error among myopic patients. Although both the nasal and inferior quadrants positively correlated with myopia, majority of the nasal quadrant showed below normal thickness based on the Stratus OCT normative database. A careful interpretation of RNFL measurements, especially the nasal quadrant, should be done among myopic subjects to avoid mislabeling them as glaucoma suspects.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Myopia 9 ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Healthy Volunteers ; Myopia 3 ; Myopia ; Eye ; Refractive Errors ; Nerve Fibers ; Glaucoma

Objective: This study measured the optic-disc area using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and correlated it with the type of refractive error. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 73 healthy Filipinos aged 20 to 60 years. All underwent a full ophthalmologic examination including visual acuity, automated refraction, Goldmann applanation tonometry, and dilatedfundus examination. Fast optic-nerve-head imaging was performed with 6 radial linear scans centered on the optic-nerve head. Data were tabulated and the association between optic-disc measurements and refractive error was analyzed using analysis of variance and linear regression. Results: A total of 142 eyes of 73 patients were included, of which 39 (27.5%) were classified as emmetropia or hyperopia, 47 (33%) as low myopia, 37 (26.2%) as moderate myopia, and 19 (13.4%) as high myopia. The mean refractive error was –9.2 ± 2.98D for those with high myopia, –4.7 ± 0.74D for moderate myopia, –1.7 ± 0.78D for low myopia, and 1.1 ± 2.55D for emmetropia and hyperopia. The mean optic-disc area for all groups was 2.70 ± 0.59 mm2 (range, 1.6 to 4.7 mm2 ); the mean optic-disc area was similar for high myopia (2.7 ± 0.57 mm2 ) and low myopia (2.7 ± 0.52 mm2 ). There was no significant difference in the optic-disc area of the different types of refractive errors (p = 0.30). Conclusion This study showed that the optic-disc area is statistically independent of the refractive error.
Emmetropia Hyperopia Myopia Tomography ; Optical Coherence

Objective: This study investigated ocular complications, such as cataract and glaucoma, arising from prolonged corticosteroid therapy in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome was conducted in a tertiary hospital. Comprehensive ophthalmic assessments including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), slitlamp and fundus examination were performed. Standard automated perimetry (SAP) was also performed on patients suspected of having glaucoma. Information on renal histological diagnosis and treatment regimen in each patient was noted. Data were analyzed statistically. Results: A total of 22 patients were evaluated. The median age at the time of examination was 9.5 years (range, 2 to 17 years). The mean age of onset was 6.9 ± 4.3 years. Twelve of the 22 patients had relapses with a mean of 1.86. The mean duration of steroid use was 28 ± 28.9 months. Eleven patients (50%) were given combined therapy (prednisone with either cyclosporine or cyclophosphamide) and 11 were given oral prednisone alone. The mean dose of steroid at the time of examination was 27 ± 26.2 mg/m2 /day. Among the 22 patients, 3 (13.6%) developed posterior subcapsular cataracts. One patient developed steroidinduced glaucoma with a scotoma encroaching the central 10o visual field. There was a significant association between the duration of corticosteroid treatment and cataract formation (p = 0.04), but no significant association between the duration of therapy and development of glaucoma (p = 0.45). Conclusions Cataract formation was a more common complication of prolonged oral corticosteroid therapy with a prevalence rate of 13.6%. Pediatric patients with a longer duration of steroid therapy are at greater risk of cataract formation. Hence, pediatricians are advised to refer these patients to ophthalmologists for proper evaluation.
Cataract Glaucoma Nephritic Syndrome Intraocular Pressure