Methods: Patients without myelopathy who underwent FPCF for proximal CSA between 2017 and 2022 were analyzed. The outcome measure was the results of the manual muscle testing (MMT) of the deltoid and biceps. Preoperative nerve root and AH compression were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. The intervertebral foramen morphology and bony decompression extent were evaluated by computed tomography. Results: FPCF was performed at the C4/5 level and at the C4/5 and C5/6 levels in 14 and 11 patients, respectively. The width of the narrowest intervertebral foramen was significantly narrower on the affected side than on the healthy side at the C4/5 (2.5 mm vs. 3.6 mm) and operated C5/6 (1.9 mm vs. 3.1 mm) levels. AH compression occurred at the C4/5 and C5/6 levels in 28% and 21% of the patients, respectively. Bony decompression was performed laterally beyond the narrowest foramen at the C4/5 and C5/6 levels in 96% and 91% of the patients, respectively. Compared with patients without AH compression, in those with AH compression, the lamina was resected medially by an average of >1.7 mm and >3.6 mm at the C4/5 and C5/6 levels, respectively. Furthermore, 76% and 81% of the facet joint surfaces were preserved at the C4/5 and C5/6 levels, respectively. Postoperative MMT grade improvement was excellent, good, and fair in 64%, 20%, and 16% of the patients, respectively. Conclusions FPCF was effective for treating proximal CSA.

Introduction: Several studies found that TENS is effective for reducing pain and improving physical function. But it is still unclear that influencing of TENS for muscle fatigue. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of TENS on muscle fatigue after isometric extension exercise of trunk. Methods: To establish the muscle activity, healthy men were produced their maximum isometric exertion 15 times and electromyography was recorded (Task I). And continuing, subjects maintained the unsupported body as long as they could. After this, subjects of study group were received TENS and subjects of control group were rested for 5 minutes. After the intervention each group was produced their maximum isometric exertion as same as Task 1 (Task II). VAS and muscle elasticity were measured. Results and Conclusions: The significant decreases of muscle activity of study group were beginning later than in control group. And the fourth of task tends show a bigger value of %VMA in comparison with the first of all muscles of Task I in both group and in Task II in study group. However in Task II there were no tendencies in control group. Therefore, we thought that TENS was influenced to nervous system electronically for muscle fatigue.