We administered Bofutsushosan (Bo) to 127 obese patients who consulted our clinic, and investigated the effect of this herbal formula on reducing body weight in 33 obese patients who received continuous adminis tration for more than six months. The abdominal muscle tension of these 33 patients was assessed mainly as “strong” (four) under the five-grade scale of Kampo diagnostics, which was higher than that of 9 other patients with side effects (including diarrhea and abdominal pain) assessed mainly as “middle” (three). Sixteen patients reported a decrease in appetite following administration of Bo. Weight before medication in the patients with decreased appetite was 67.1±2.5kg, and that in 17 patients with unchanged appetite was 75.9±2.4kg. There was a significant difference between the two. Weight change in the patients with decreased appetite was -4.8±1.0kg and was significantly lower than -1.4±0.7kg in the patients with unchanged appetite. Their blood triglycerides levels decreased significantly following administration of Bo. This decrease in appetite was considered to be due not only to activation of the adrenaline β₃ receptor, through the administration of Ephedrae Herba, Schizonepetae Spica, Rhei Rhizoma, Forsythiae Fructus and Glycyrrhizae Radix but also to the psychotropic actions of Ephedra Herba, Rhei Rhizoma and Gardeniae Fructus. Recently severe side effects of Bo have been reported. This study suggested that patients showing a grade of strong (four) or more in abdominal muscle tension, were indicated for this treatment and that the long-term administration of this herbal formula should be continued in patients whose appetite was identified as being suppressed.

This study aims to analyze the perinatal care provided to non-Japanese speakers in one hospital in Tokyo from 1990 to 2001. It attempts to identify critical issues in perinatal care services and to recommend measures which should be taken to improve them.
Two major problems were identified: firstly, communication difficulties between health-care providers and the women and, secondly, a severe lack of information available to the women regarding health, medical and welfare services in Japan.
In particular, communication difficulties were a big burden for health care providers in that they presented an obstacle to collecting medical histories, to finding out about symptoms, to establishing good rapport with the patients and to providing spiritual support. It also made it difficult to provide health care based on informed consent.
Systematic assistance from medical interpreters is urgently needed in order to provide foreign women with the same level of care as that provided to Japanese patients.

The most important factors in determining the outcomes of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the degree of severity and types of primary brain damage, and the secondary damage to the brain such as low-oxygen and low-blood pressure et al. For severe TBI patients, prompt and appropriate decompression to reduce intracranial pressure (ICP) and ICU management are commonly required. The second edition of "Guidelines for the Management of Severe Head Injury" was published by the Japan Society of Neurotraumatology (JSNT) in 2006. These guidelines include a wide range of topics in the management for severe TBI, from prehospital care, primary care, ICU management and surgical treatment. The essence of extended decompression and neuroprotection for TBI is also focused in the JNST Guidelines. The pathophysiological event in the acute stage of severe TBI is quite variable ; therefore, an appropriate individual based approach in ICU management is necessary under experienced medical teams.