Long-term follow up (10.0yrs on average) is described of 33 patients with coronary aretry fistulae (CAF) without other cardiac disorders. Of 33 patients, nine cases demonstrated some electrocardiographic ischemic changes (group I), and other twenty-four cases showed no significant electrocardiographic changes (group II) clinically. Symptomatic, hemodynamic and angiographic findings showed no significant difference statistically between both groups. Thirty patients of small to moderate left-to-right shunt ratio (<50∼60%) showed hemodynamic and angiographic stability during the 10.0 years retrograde follow-up period on average. Of 33 patients, seventeen cases have underwent surgical closure of CAF since 1973 to 1990. Seven of the seventeen patients had showed significant myocardial ischemic changes before surgical treatments, and five of the seven cases showed definitive improvement of the electrocardiographic changes seemed to be derived from occlusion of the coronary steal blood flow after surgical operations. There were no operative deaths and no appearance of new myocardial ischemia following the surgical repairs. At present since not only it is unclear whether the CAF predisposes correlate coronary arteries to some premature atherosclerosises but also there are several reports of severe late risks of surgical repair of CAF, surgical indication in the patients of CAF with small-to-moderate left-to-right shunt shou ld be limited to the cases with such as definitive myocardial ischemia or evidence of infective endocarditis.

Extracardiac Conduit Repair (ECCR) is conventionally selected for the Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with unusual coronary artery distribution. However, in recent years conduit obstruction has been an important factor. Recently, we select the Right Ventricle Outflow Tract Reconstruction (RVOTR) using direct anastomosis between PA and RV as much as possible. In this paper, RVTOR was compared with ECCR. RVOT stenosis was relieved sufficiently and the ventricular function was well maintained after both surgical methods. We concluded that RVOTR should be selected instead of the ECCR because of the conduit obstruction.

We have used absorbable suture material for the repair of pediatric cardiovascular anomalies where subsequent growth of the suture line was requied since 1986. We reviewed long-term results of three groups of patients using absorbable suture (1. cardiovascular surgery in the high-pressure areas, 2. semicircular annuloplasty for mitral regurgitation, 3. cardiovascular surgery in the low pressure areas). In group 1, six patients after Jatene procedure using PDS^® were examined. Subsequent growth of the neo-aortic anastomotis were well preserved without formation of pseudoaneurysm 6-56 (average 18.6) months after the operation. In group 2, seven patients with mitral regurgitation (mitral valve regurgitation 4, endocardial cushion defect 3) were examined. The semicircular annuloplasty was applied using Vicryl^® and Dexon^® and mitral regurgitation was improved and in two patients normal growth of the mitral annulus was recognized 4 and half years after the operation. In group 3, sixteen patients in the repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (Darling type I, III) using PDS^® were examined. Pulmonary venous obstruction were encountered 1 and 5 months after the anastomotis between common pulmonary vein and left atrium in two patients and anastomotic stenosis was thought to be induced by tissue overgrowth. On the basis of our clinical experiences, we believe that application of absorbable suture in pediatric cardiovascular surgery in the high-pressure areas could be recommended as an alternative treatment, but that should be avoided in the neonatal small low-pressure areas on the assumption that anastomotic stenosis might be induced by tissue overgrowth.

A 74-year-old man with renal failure had been treated with maintenance hemodialysis for 1.5 years at another hospital. The patient had an abdominal aortic aneurysm, bilateral iliac artery occlusion and coronary artery stenosis with a lesion in the left main trunk, but had been under observation because of the high risk of surgery. The patient elected to have surgery and was admitted to our hospital. We performed simultaneous surgery for severe coronary artery stenosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm with a maximum diameter of 85mm. The postoperative course was generally uneventful, but the patient required treatment of arrhythmia. We conclude that simultaneous surgery for angina pectoris and abdominal aortic aneurysm is feasible even in hemodialysis patients. It is important to pay attention to arrhythmia in the management of such patients, especially those with decreased cardiac function.

A 60-year-old male who had a history of Buerger's disease was admitted due to chest pain on exertion. Coronary angiography showed severe double vessel disease (the left anterior descending artery and the right coronary artery). Carotid angiography showed severe stenosis of the left internal carotid artery associated with brain ischemia. In addition, angiography of the lower extremities showed segmental occlusion and collateral arteries resembly a “corkscrew” appearance. We implanted a stent in the carotid artery followed by revascularization surgery of the left lower leg and simultaneous coronary artery bypass surgery. The postoperative course was excellent.

This study was designed to clarify the usefulness and pitfalls of hypothermic management after Fontan's operation. Twenty-five patients who underwent Fontan's operation and received hypothermic management in an acute postoperative phase from 1974 to 1991 were divided into two groups; the alive (S) group and the dead (D) group. The lowest rectal temperature during the procedure was 32°C on average. There were no significant differences in preoperative indices of pulmonary circulation and renal function. After rewarming, PaO₂ and daily urinary output were increased and central venous pressure decreased significantly in the S group. In all S group patients, urinary output was increased during hypothermia irrespective of peritoneal dialysis. Anuria occurred 2 days on average after induction of hypothermia in D group. Urinary output in D group decreased significantly for 4 days compared to S group. On the other hand, it was possible to save two patients who underwent take-down of Fontan's operation within 6 hours after the onset of anuria. We conclude that hypothermic management is useful in serious cases after Fontan's operation and that daily urinary output in relation to body weight during hypothermia is most important as an index of post operative circulation.