Objective To investigate the role of Wnt signaling pathway hypofunction mediated by dephosphorylation ofβ-catenin in the impaired wound healing of type 1 diabetic rats. Methods The back skin defect wounds were produced in rats with type 1 diabetes. These rats were divided into control, diabetes, lithium chloride treatment, and epidermal growth factor ( EGF) treatment groups. The situation of back wound healing, the ratio ofβ-catenin positive cells,β-catenin, phosphorylatedβ-catenin, and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) levels were detected. Results Compared to diabetes group, the wound granulation tissue was more mature, wound healing time was shorter, and healing rate, as well as the ratio ofβ-catenin positive cells, dephosphorylatedβ-catenin, and VEGF levels, were higher in normal group, lithium chloride treatment group, and EGF treatment group ( P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Conclusion The hypofunction of Wnt signaling pathway is involved in the process of wound healing in type 1 diabetic rats, of which the dephosphorylation ofβ-catenin is the key point. EGF may play a beneficial role in the wound healing of type 1 diabetic rat models via Wnt pathway.

Objective:To investigate the tumor suppressing effect of Shenqi Yiliu decoction combined with cisplatin via ERK-mediated C-Myc/PD-L1 phase-coordinated pathway on H22 hepatocellular carcinoma tumor-bearing mice and its mechanism.Meth-ods:In 60 SPF-grade male Kunming mice,10 mice were taken as blank group by random number table method,and the other 50 mice were replicated as H22 hepatocellular carcinoma tumor-bearing mouse model.After successful replication of the model,the model mice were randomly divided into model group,cisplatin group[2.5×10-3 g/(kg·3 d)],Shenqi Yiliu decoction low[13.515 g/(kg·d)],me-dium[27.03 g/(kg·d-1)],and high dose[27.030 g/(kg·d)]combined with cisplatin group[2.5×10-3 g/(kg·3 d)],10 mice in each group were treated for 13 d.After 24 h of the last dose,the mice were anesthetized and sacrificed,and the tumor inhibition rate,spleen index and thymus index of each drug group were determined;HE staining was performed to observe the histopathological changes of tumor in mice;ELISA kit was used to detect the contents of EGF and IFN-γ in tumor tissue homogenate;p-ERK1/2,C-Myc and PD-L1 protein expression in tumor tissue were detected by IHC and Western blot;ERK,C-Myc and PD-L1 mRNA expression levels in tumor tissue were detected by RT-PCR.Results:Compared with blank group,the average body mass and spleen index of mice in model group were decreased(P<0.05).Compared with model group,the tumor inhibition effect of each treatment group was obvious,and Shenqi Yiliu decoction combined with cisplatin group inhibited tumor growth in liver cancer mice in a dose-dependent way,im-proved the average body mass,spleen index and thymus index of mice,promoted the necrosis of tumor cells and increased the necrotic area.EGF and IFN-γ contents,P-ERK1/2,C-Myc,PD-L1 protein expressions and ERK,C-Myc,PD-L1 mRNA expression levels were decreased in tumor tissues(P<0.05).Compared with cisplatin group,the therapeutic effect of Shenqi decoction combined with cisplatin in medium and high dose groups was significant,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Shenqi Yiliu decoction combined with cisplatin effectively inhibited the tumor growth of H22 liver cancer tumor-bearing mice and significantly reduces the expression of C-Myc and PD-L1 proteins in the tumor tissues,which may be through the regulation of ERK signaling path-way-related protein expression to exert tumor suppressive effect.

Objective:To investigate the difference of functional connectivity(FC) between the habenula and other brain regions in the patients with first-episode current depression (fMDD) and remitted depression (rMDD).Methods:Thirty-five patients with first-episode current depression (fMDD), 35 patients with remitted depression (rMDD) and 30 healthy controls (HC) matched with gender, age and education years were scanned by resting-state fMRI. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD 17) was used to assess the severity of the patients. After preprocessing, seed-based FC analysis was performed on the habenula. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between the FC values and HAMD 17 and duration of disease. Results:(1) Compared with the HC group, FC decreased between the habenula and left middle occipital gyrus(l-MOG) in fMDD group (x, y, z=-48, -84, 3, t=-4.335, P<0.05), while FC increased between the habenula and left supramarginal gyrus (x, y, z=-66, -30, 36, t=4.876, P<0.05), left superior frontal gyrus(l-SFG) (x, y, z=-6, -33, 51, t=4.402, P<0.05), left inferior parietal lobe(l-IPL)( t=3.300, P<0.05) and right inferior parietal lobe(r-IPL) ( t=3.557, P<0.05) in fMDD group. Compared with the HC, FC decreased between the habenula and l-MOG (x, y, z=-48, -84, 3, t=-4.321, P<0.05) and left thalamus (x, y, z=-9, 3, 3, t=-3.971, P<0.05) in rMDD group, while FC increased between the habenula and left middle temporal gyrus(l-MTG)( x, y, z=-48, -39, 9, t=4.062, P<0.05), left supramarginal gyrus (x, y, z=-51, -15, 45, t=2.906, P<0.05), l-SFG (x, y, z=-24, -21, 39, t=3.044, P<0.05), l-IPL ( t=2.880, P<0.05) and r-IPL ( t=3.512, P<0.05) in rMDD group. (2) FC decreased in fMDD group between the habenula and right orbitofrontal cortex(r-OFC) ( t=-3.899, P<0.05) and l-MTG ( t=-4.023, P<0.05) than rMDD group, while FC increased between the habenula and left supramarginal gyrus ( t=4.157, P<0.05), l-SFG( t=3.327, P<0.05), left thalamus ( t=3.316, P<0.05) and l-IPL ( t=3.909, P<0.05) than rMDD group. (3)There was no significantly correlation between the HAMD 17 and the FC value changes among the different regions, and was marginal significantly correlation between duration of disease and the FC values from the habenula and l-MOG( r=0.328, P=0.063). Conclusion:Both fMDD and rMDD show abnormal FC between the habenula and default mode network, visual network and reward network, which may be related to the pathogenesis of depression. The FC of the habenula in rMDD still had not recovered to normal.

ObjectiveTo compare the differences in sleep structure characteristics between adolescents with depressive disorder and adolescents with bipolar disorder， and to explore the impact of sleep indicators and other factors on the suicide risk of adolescents with affective disorder. MethodsThe medical records of adolescents with depressive disorder （n=97） and bipolar disorder （n=52） who met the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） and hospitalized in the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 1， 2019 to June 30， 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Data including age， gender， body mass index （BMI）， psychiatric diagnosis， the Nurses' Global Assessment of Suicide Risk （NGASR） score and polysomnography （PSG） results of the patients were collected. Then patients were divided into two groups according to NGASR score， scored 0~5 were in the low risk group （n=32） and scored above 5 were in the high risk group （n=117）. Meantime， the PSG data of normal adolescents （n=80） in the previous literature were collected as the control group. Thereafter， a multiple linear regression model was established to explore the related factors affecting suicide risk in adolescents with affective disorder. ResultsThe sleep efficiency and the proportion of stage N2 sleep in high risk group were lower than those in low risk group （Z=-2.138， -2.520， P<0.05）. The total sleep time， N2 sleep duration and rapid eye movement （REM） sleep time in depression group were less than those in bipolar group （t=-2.822， -3.087， -2.277， P<0.05 or 0.01）. The proportion of REM sleep in depression group and bipolar group were lower than those in control group （t=-2.369， -2.069， P<0.05）. Linear regression analysis denoted that the factors affecting the suicide risk in adolescents with affective disorder included stage N1 sleep duration （β=0.019， P<0.05）， gender （male vs. female， β=-4.051， P<0.01） and psychiatric diagnosis （bipolar disorder vs. depressive disorder， β=-1.429， P<0.05）. ConclusionIn contrast to adolescents with bipolar disorder， the sleep structure of adolescents with depressive disorder is characterized by poor sleep continuity and less light sleep. Furthermore， the N1 sleep duration， female gender and diagnosis of depressive disorder are risk factors affecting the suicide in adolescents with affective disorder.

ObjectiveTo explore the factors associated with the risk of violent behaviour in inpatients with acute mental disorders， and to provide references for early detection and intervention of violent behaviour in patients with acute mental disorders. MethodsBased on the medical record system of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University， 1 107 inpatients with acute mental disorders from January to December 2016 were selected， all of whom met the diagnostic criteria of International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10）. At admission， the risk assessment tools were used to assess the risk level of violent behaviour of inpatients， and 8 variables containing general demographic data and clinical data were selected to explore the factors associated with the risk of violent behaviour in inpatients with acute mental disorders. Thereafter， Logistic regression analysis was performed to screen the factors affecting the high risk of violent behaviour among inpatients. ResultsAmong the 1 107 inpatients with acute mental disorders， 357 （32.25%） patients were at high risk of violence. Regression analysis showed that gender of male （OR=1.747， 95% CI： 1.303~2.342）， manic episodes （OR=2.018， 95% CI： 1.310~3.108） and emergency admission （OR=4.244， 95% CI： 3.083~5.840） were risk factors affecting the high risk of violent behaviour of inpatients. Among different types of mental disorders， patients with depressive disorder had a relatively low risk of violent behaviour （OR=0.397， 95% CI： 0.233~0.677）. ConclusionAmong inpatients with acute mental disorders， patients of emergency admission， being male and manic episodes are more likely to be at high risk of violent behaviour.

Digital intraoral scanning is a hot topic in the field of oral digital technology. In recent years, digital intraoral scanning has gradually become the mainstream technology in orthodontics, prosthodontics, and implant dentistry. The precision of digital intraoral scanning and the accuracy and stitching of data collection are the keys to the success of the impression. However, the operators are less familiar with the intraoral scanning characteristics, imaging processing, operator scanning method, oral tissue specificity of the scanned object, and restoration design. Thus far, no unified standard and consensus on digital intraoral scanning technology has been achieved at home or abroad. To deal with the problems encountered in oral scanning and improve the quality of digital scanning, we collected common expert opinions and sought to expound the causes of scanning errors and countermeasures by summarizing the existing evidence. We also describe the scanning strategies under different oral impression requirements. The expert consensus is that due to various factors affecting the accuracy of digital intraoral scanning and the reproducibility of scanned images, adopting the correct scanning trajectory can shorten clinical operation time and improve scanning accuracy. The scanning trajectories mainly include the E-shaped, segmented, and S-shaped methods. When performing fixed denture restoration, it is recommended to first scan the abutment and adjacent teeth. When performing fixed denture restoration, it is recommended to scan the abutment and adjacent teeth first. Then the cavity in the abutment area is excavated. Lastly, the cavity gap was scanned after completing the abutment preparation. This method not only meets clinical needs but also achieves the most reliable accuracy. When performing full denture restoration in edentulous jaws, setting markers on the mucosal tissue at the bottom of the alveolar ridge, simultaneously capturing images of the vestibular area, using different types of scanning paths such as Z-shaped, S-shaped, buccal-palatal and palatal-buccal pathways, segmented scanning of dental arches, and other strategies can reduce scanning errors and improve image stitching and overlap. For implant restoration, when a single crown restoration is supported by implants and a small span upper structure restoration, it is recommended to first pre-scan the required dental arch. Then the cavity in the abutment area is excavated. Lastly, scanning the cavity gap after installing the implant scanning rod. When repairing a bone level implant crown, an improved indirect scanning method can be used. The scanning process includes three steps: First, the temporary restoration, adjacent teeth, and gingival tissue in the mouth are scanned; second, the entire dental arch is scanned after installing a standard scanning rod on the implant; and third, the temporary restoration outside the mouth is scanned to obtain the three-dimensional shape of the gingival contour of the implant neck, thereby increasing the stability of soft tissue scanning around the implant and improving scanning restoration. For dental implant fixed bridge repair with missing teeth, the mobility of the mucosa increases the difficulty of scanning, making it difficult for scanners to distinguish scanning rods of the same shape and size, which can easily cause image stacking errors. Higher accuracy of digital implant impressions can be achieved by changing the geometric shape of the scanning rods to change the optical curvature radius. The consensus confirms that as the range of scanned dental arches and the number of data concatenations increases, the scanning accuracy decreases accordingly, especially when performing full mouth implant restoration impressions. The difficulty of image stitching processing can easily be increased by the presence of unstable and uneven mucosal morphology inside the mouth and the lack of relatively obvious and fixed reference objects, which results in insufficient accuracy. When designing restorations of this type, it is advisable to carefully choose digital intraoral scanning methods to obtain model data. It is not recommended to use digital impressions when there are more than five missing teeth.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the serum levels of microRNA-155 (miR-155) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in uremic dialysis patients and to evaluate the effect of alprostadil (A) on them.
 METHODS: A total of 81 chronic kidney disease (CKD) uremic patients were divided into 4 groups: the peritoneal dialysis group (PD group, n=20), the peritoneal dialysis plus alprostadil group (PD+A group, n=20), the hemodialysis group (HD group, n=21), the hemodialysis plus alprostadil group (HD+A group, n=20). Sixteen healthy people were taken as the normal control (NC) group. The peripheral blood of all objects were collected for serum preparation. The expression of miRNA-155 was determined by real-time qPCR and the serum level of IL-6 was measured by ELISA. Experimental and clinical data of all the objects were collected.
 RESULTS: Serum levels of miRNA-155 and IL-6 were increased in all dialysis patients groups compared with NC group (P<0.05); miRNA-155 expression in PD+A group was down-regulated compared with PD group or HD group (P<0.05); the levels of IL-6 in PD+A and HD+A group were significantly decreased compared with PD group or HD group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that serum level of miR-155 was positively correlated with the level of IL-6 as well as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), while miR-155 was negatively correlated with HDL and albumin (P<0.01). Linear stepwise regression analysis indicated that serum miR-155 was independently associated with albumin and hs-CRP.
 CONCLUSION Serum miRNA-155 and IL-6 in uremic dialysis patients were remarkably increased compared to healthy objects. Serum miRNA-155 was positively correlated with the level of IL-6 as well as hs-CRP, while miR-155 was negatively correlated with HDL and albumin. Alprostadil could ameliorate the inflammatory conditions of uremic dialysis patients by inhibition of the IL-6 expression. Serum miRNA-155 may be a novel target for the treatment of uremic dialysis patients.
Alprostadil ; therapeutic use ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; MicroRNAs ; blood ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Regression Analysis ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; therapy ; Uremia ; blood ; drug therapy

ObjectiveTo explore the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of Shenqi Yiliu prescription in the intervention of pyroptosis. MethodTen male BALB/c mice were randomly selected and assigned to the blank group. The remaining 40 mice underwent the induction of the liver cancer xenograft model. After 5 days of modeling， 40 surviving mice were randomly divided into model group， cisplatin group ［2.5×10^-3 g·kg^-1·（3 d）^-1］， Shenqi Yiliu prescription group （27 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and a combination group （Shenqi Yiliu prescription group + cisplatin）. The mice in the blank group and the model group were treated with an equal volume of normal saline for 10 days. The general conditions of mice in each group were observed. After the intervention， the tumor weight of the mice was weighed and the tumor inhibition rate was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in tumor tissues. The levels of mouse liver function indicators， including alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） were detected. The TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling （TUNEL） assay was used to detect DNA damage in mouse tumor tissue cells. Immunohistochemistry （IHC）， immunofluorescence （IF）， and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression levels of NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-1 （Caspase-1）， and gasdermin D （GSDMD） in tumor tissues. The levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and interleukin-18 （IL-18） in tumor tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultCompared with the mice in the blank group， those in the model group were in a poor mental state， sleepy， and lazy， and their fur color was dull， with increased levels of serum ALT and AST in liver function tests （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the groups with drug intervention showed improved mental state， inhibited tumor growth to varying degrees， and decreased tumor weight， and the tumor inhibition rate in the combination group was the highest （P<0.01）. HE staining showed that the pathological and morphological lesions of the tumor tissues in the model group were significant， while those in all groups with drug intervention were improved to a certain extent. The karyolysis and nuclear rupture in the Shenqi Yiliu prescription group and the combination group were more significant. In the liver function test， the serum ALT and AST levels of mice in the Shenqi Yiliu prescription group and the combination group decreased （P<0.01）， and the inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 in each group with drug intervention decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Among them， the declining trend of IL-1β and IL-18 in the Shenqi Yiliu prescription group was the most significant （P<0.01）. TUNEL staining showed that the positive TUNEL staining in each group with drug intervention decreased after intervention （P<0.05， P<0.01）， especially the cisplatin group and Shenqi Yiliu prescription group （P<0.01）. Western blot， IHC， and IF found that the protein expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD in each group with drug intervention decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the mice in the cisplatin group， those in the Shenqi Yiliu prescription group and the combination group had better mental state and regular tumor morphology， and the tumor weight of the mice in the combination group decreased （P<0.05）. The levels of ALT and AST in the Shenqi Yiliu prescription group decreased （P<0.05）， and the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the Shenqi Yiliu prescription group and the combination group decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， especially in the combination group （P<0.01）. The results of IHC showed that the expression of GSDMD protein in the tumor tissues of mice in the combination group was reduced （P<0.01）. IF detection showed that the expression of NLRP3 in the tumor tissues of the Shenqi Yiliu prescription group was reduced （P<0.01）. The results of Western blot showed that the expression level of NLRP3 protein in the Shenqi Yiliu prescription group and the combination group decreased （P<0.01）， and the expression level of Caspase-1 protein in the combination group decreased （P<0.01）. The decrease in GSDMD protein expression was not significant， and the difference was not statistically significant. ConclusionShenqi Yiliu prescription combined with cisplatin has an obvious anti-tumor effect， which may be achieved by down-regulating the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD inflammatory pyroptosis pathway to inhibit cell pyroptosis， and relieve the inflammatory response in mice with liver cancer.