The ratio of signal-noise of the ECG(electrocardiogram) signal is low.In order to eliminate the noise in ECG,improve the performance of ECG monitors and the diagnosis efficiency of computer-aided system,various kinds of noise rejection methods have been proposed.Generally,maybe all of them are useful to the denoising in some certain,but not full.In this thesis,a series of denoising steps are introduced.As a result,a relatively original ECG waveform is detected.

Objective To investigate the value of laparoscopy in the treatment of ventriculoperitoneal shunt(VPS).Methods From August 2000 to August 2008,156 patients with hydrocephalus received VPS in our hospital.During the operation,a drainage tube was placed under the right diaphragm,and then fixed to the round ligament.Results The laparoscopic surgery was successfully completed in all of the cases.A mean of 17-month follow-up(14 to 24 months) was achieved in 133 of them.During the period,no distal VPS obstruction,gastrointestinal symptoms,intra-abdominal organs injury or infection occurred.Seven patients presented with obstruction of the VPS at the ventricle side.Conclusion Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of VPS with good outcomes and few complications.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility,effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic splenectomy combined with pericardial devascularization for the treatment of portal hypertension in cirrhotic patients. MethodsIn this study 16 cases underwent initial totally laparoscopic splenectomy and paraesophagogastric devascularization,with 10 cases undergoing upfront open surgery as controls by one treatment group.Clinical data including operative time,intraoperative blood loss,post-operative complications and hospitalization were compared between the two groups.ResultsIn the laparoscopic group the procedure was successfully performed in 12 cases.4 cases were converted to open surgery.The operative time in laparoscopic group and the open group was respectively (315 ± 77 ) min and (291± 31) min (P =0.384).The mean intro-operative blood loss was (409 ±216) ml and (980 ±402) ml (P ＜0.01).The post-operative stay was ( 10 ± 3 ) d and ( 17 ± 8 ) d ( P ＜ 0.01).Differences in post-operative complication rate between the two groups was not statistically significant ( 17％ vs.30％,P =0.525 ).ConclusionsLaparoscopic splenectomy and pericardial devascularization is feasible,effective and safe for cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension,it has the advantage of less intra-operative blood loss,less pain and shorter hospitalization than open surgery.

Objective; To investigate the immunolocalization and significance of Notch-2 expression in the process of dental pulp repair after injury. Methods: An experimental animal model of injury-induced pulpitis was established to observe the time-sequenced alteration of the expression of Notch-2. Results: Three days post-operation, weak positive staining of Notch-2 was observed in pulp mesenchyme cells and pulp fibroblasts but not in vascular endothelial cells or odontoblasts. Five days post-operation, strong Notch-2 reactivity was found in subodontoblasts as well as newly bom capillary endothelial cells. Seven days after cavity preparation, Notch-2 staining became weaker in pulp mesenchyme cells and capillary endothelial cells, but stronger positive staining was found in odontoblasts. Two weeks post-operation, weak Notch-2 staining was seen in pulp mesenchyme cells and subodontoblastic layer cells and was absent from odontoblasts. Notch-2 immunoreactivity was completely absent in intact rat dental pulp. Conclusion: Notch-2 is strikingly up-regulated in dental pulp mesenchyme cells in the early days after dental injury and then shows progressively up-regulation in odontoblasts. Properly regulated activation of Notch signaling pathway is important for controlling cell fate and maintaining the correct balance among cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis during dental pulp repair process.

Objective To assess the role of hip ultrasonography in the early screening and following up of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Methods A total of 1324 hips of 662 infants younger than 6 months underwent ultrasonography with Graf method. The sonographic appearances of bony roof, superior bony rim, cartilaginous roof, as well as α and β angle measurements were classified according to the Graf method. Risk factors such as gender, sides, fetal position, and swaddling used were assessed. Following up were performed with ultrasonography in the cases of immaturity, dysplasia and dislocation that needed to be monitored or treated. Results Detection rate of selective ultrasound in screening of DDH of the hip was 7.42%. Both gender and fetal position was the risk factor of DDH. Twenty-seven infants with dysplasia hip and five with dislocation hip were followed-up with ultrasonography during treatment process. Thirteen infants with dysplasia turned to normal after abduction exercises, while other fourteen received treatment in Pavlik harness for no improvement in ultrasonography. All infants of dislocation received operation eventually because of failing to Pavlik harness. Conclusion Ultrasonography can objectively assess the development of DDH, monitor the course of following-up and treatment of DDH, and serve as a main tool in the early screening and following up of DDH in infants.

Objective To explore the features of the parental rearing behavior in schizophrenics with a brilliant school records.Methods 51 schizophrenics in remission with brilliant records were tested by EMBU.36 healthy volunteers were randomized into the controls group.Result Subjects with schizophrenia had abnormal parental rearing behavior,such as overprotection, predilection over intervention and over punishment of parents.Most of them come from peasant family.Conclusion The factors such as abnormal parental rearing behavior probably influence the development of schizophrenics.

Objective To analyze the VP1-VP4 genetic region of enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ) strains isolated from children with severe or mild hand, foot and mouth disease ( HFMD) in Shenzhen in 2012. Methods EV71 strains were isolated from five children with mild HFMD and five children with severe HFMD in Shenzhen in 2012.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) method was used to amplify the sequence of VP1-VP4 genes of EV71 strains.The sequences of the amplified products were analyzed by comparing with those of the EV71 reference strains ( A, B and C genotypes) published in Gen-Bank using nucleotide alignment, amino acid alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis.Results The homo-geneity between the EV71 strains isolated from severe and mild cases was 95.1%-98.2% in nucleotides and 99.2%-100% in amino acids.The VP1-VP4 nucleotide sequences of 5 strains isolated from severe cases and 5 strains from mild cases in Shenzhen shared 87.9%-97.8% homologies in nucleotides and 97.3%-99.9% homologies in amino acids with the genotype C EV71 reference strain.The EV71 strains isolated from children in Shenzhen were highly similar with the EV71 strain (FJ439769) isolated in Fuyang in 2008 and the one isolated in Jingdezhen in 2011 (JQ806378, C4a subtype) in nucleotide sequences.Mutations at the residue 31 in the VP1 region ( N→D ) were detected in 3 strains isolated from children with severe HFMD.Conclusion All of the 10 EV71 strains isolated in Shenzhen in 2012 belonged to the sub-genotype C4a.The mutation ( aa31 N→D) in the VP1 region of EV71 might be related to the different clinical mani-festations of HFMD cases in Shenzhen area.

Objective To study the relation between expressions of transforming growth factor ?1 (TGF-?1), transforming growth factor receptor type Ⅰ (T?RⅠ) and cell proliferation, cell cycle in gallbladder carcinomas, to disclose the mechanism of TGF-?1 and T?RⅠin the gallbladder carcinogenesis,and to evaluate their values in the prognosis of gallbladder carcinomas. Methods Thirty five gallbladder carcinomas age (57.94? 4.61) years, 14 male cases and 21 female cases comprised 32 adenocarcinomas, 2 adenosquamous carcinoma and 1 squamous cell carcinomas. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded sections from gallbladder carcinomas were immunostained with TGF-?1, T?RⅠ, PCNA, cyclin E antibodies by immunochemical assays. Gallbladder adenoma and chronic cholecystitis were collected as non-malignant controls. Patients of gallbladder carcinomas were followed up. Results Positive immunostaining rate of TGF-?1 was 57.14% in gallbladder carcinomas, which was significantly higher than that in gallbladder adenomas and chronic cholecystitis (P

BACKGROUND: Most studies believed that lesion sites are decisive to the attack and types of aphasia, which is also in disputation.OBJECTIVE: To classify and evaluate aphasia with CT and MRI examinations, so as to reveal the association between aphasia types and lesion sites.DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences.PARTICIPANTS: The lesion sites were selected from 1 198 patients with cerebral infarction, who were hospitalized in the stroke unit of the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences between February 2002 and February 2005, the diagnosis accorded with the diagnostic standard of cerebral infarctionset by National Meeting for Cerebrovascular Disease, and the patients with cerebral infarction were caused by lesions of left cerebral hemisphere ry school and above, the intellect was normal before attack, and there was score of Western battery aphasia was ＞ 93.8. Totally 221 males and 104 females were enrolled, and the average age was (68.72±4.56) years.and received MRI examination within 1 week after admission. The data collection and treatment were finished with the Siemens Trio 2003T magaphasia of the patients was classified and evaluated with the Western battery aphasia by professional language therapist within 2 weeks after adtic aphasia examination severity grading standard by the same language therapist on the same day of Western battery aphasia. There were 6 grades, grade 0 was taken as meaningless language or auditory understanding ability, and grade 5 as extremely few differentiable language disorders, the patients could feel some difficulties subjectively, but the hearer was uncertain to obviously detect.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Association between aphasia types and lesion sites; Grading of aphasia severity. Aphasia not caused by the involvement of language centers: Of the 1 198 patients with cerebral infarction, the Broca area in 5 cases and Wernicke area in 4 cases were involved, and did not cause aphasia syndrome in the Western battery aphasia showed that 83 cases had Broca aphasia, 48 cases Wernicke aphasia, 58 cases complete aphasia, 12 cases conduction aphasia, 36 cases transcortical motor aphasia, 17 cases transcortical sensory aphasia, 19 cases transcortical mixed aphasia and 52 cases nominal aphasia. The lesions located at typical language center in 240 cases and at nonaphasia examination severity grading standard: It was grade 0 in 84 cases, grade 1 in 79 cases, grade 2 in 77 cases, grade 3 in 63 cases and grade 4 in 22 cases, and the typical language centers were involved in most of the patients of grade 0 and grade 1.CONCLUSION: The association between types and lesion sites of most aphasia are in accordance with the typical aphasia mode, but it was not completely accordant in a few aphasias, the lesion of non-language centers can also cause aphasia, and the aphasia is greatly severe in the patients with the lesion site of language centers.