Objective To investigate the effect and safety of Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine ( M. vaccae vaccine) on diabetes patients complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods A total of 76 diabetes patients complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis were randomized into immunotherapy group (M, n =38) and control group (C, n =38). Administration of routine anti diabetic drugs and diet treatment were conducted in both groups. In addition, patients in group M were treat with additional M. vaccae vaccine for 3 months, but those in group C were not. Results At the end of the treatment, no side effects of M. vaccae vaccine were found in group M, but immunological function of T cells was significantly improved. Compared with those in group C, CD3 and CD4 in group M were significantly higher ( P

Objective To investigate the effect of N-nitro-L-arginine (NO2Arg) on the development of morphine tolerance and dependence.Methods Forty male SD rats weighing (180 ? 18)g were randomly divided into 5 groups for the study of morphine physical dependence and tolerance : group Ⅰ normal saline; group Ⅱ morphine; group Ⅲ morphine + 1 mg?kg-1 NO2Arg; group Ⅳ morphine + 5 mg?kg-1 NO2 Arg ; group Ⅴ morphine +20 mg?kg-1 NO2Arg. Twenty-four male Kunming mice weighing (20.0 ? 2.3)g were randomly divided into 3 groups for the study of psychological dependence: group Ⅵ morphine; group Ⅶ dihydro etorphine; group Ⅷ normal saline. The morphine physical dependence was induced by dose increment. The degree of morphine tolerance was assessed by the pain threshold to heat radiation using tail-flick test. The degree of morphine physical dependence was determined by evaluating the abstinence syndrome precipitated by 4 mg?kg -1 naloxone. The psychological dependence of mice was evaluated by conditioned place preference. Results Consecutive injection of NO2Arg inhibited the development of morphine tolerance in a dose-dependent manner. 5 mg?kg-1 NO2 Arg suppressed most abstinent symptoms of morphine dependent rats. The duration when morphine and dihydro etorphine psychologically dependent mice stayed in the preferred compartment increased significantly from (6.1? 2.0)min and (8.0?0.7)min to (9.3?1. l)min and (9.5 ? 1.2) min by 4 mg?kg-1 NO2 Arg. Conclusion NO2 Arg can inhibit the development of morphine tolerance and dependence and reverse the existing psychological dependence.

Objective To explore the effect of different concentrations of sevoflurane combined with propofol on CPR and complement in patients with laparoscopic hysterectomy.Methods 80 patients with hysteromyoma were randomly divided into A group with 27 cases, B group with 27 cases and C group with 26 cases.3 groups of patients were underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy surgery, and preoperative anesthesia with different concentrations of sevoflurane, A group with 2.5% sevoflurane anesthesia, B group with 3% sevoflurane anesthesia, C group with 3.5%.The clinical efficacy, CRP, complement levels and adverse reactions were compared among 3 groups.Results Compared with A group, the Karnofsky score of group B and group C was higher(P<0.05), there was no significant difference in Karnofsky score between the two groups of B and C, and the level of CRP in 3 groups increased and C3 and C4 decreased(P<0.05).Compared with group A, the level of CPR in group B and C were lower(P<0.05), C4 and C3 were higher( P<0.05 ) .There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among 3 groups.Conclusion 3% concentration of sevoflurane combined with propofol in the induction of anesthesia in laparoscopic hysterectomy has better anesthetic effect, and has little effect on the CRP and the complement of the body .

Objective To investigate the effect of acute normovolemic hemodilution on immune function by observing the level change of lymphocyte subsets in maternity sera.Methods 60 ASA I ～ Ⅱ parturients were divided into 2 groups,30 cases in each group.Parturients of group A received acute normovolemic hemodilution and parturients of group C received allogeneic blood transfusion.Blood pressure,heart rate,duration of the cesarean section and blood loss were observed.2mL blood samples were taken from the mothers'vein before the surgery,1 day after the surgery,5 days after the surgery.Flow cytometry was used to measure T lymphocyte subsets.Results The levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CDs+ before the surgery had no statistically significant differences between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The levels of CD3+ [(52.35 ±5.62)％,(48.44±6.45)％],CD4+ [(36.90±7.93)％,(32.05 ± 8.94)％],CD4+/CD8+ [(1.15 ± 0.26),(0.97 ± 0.22)] were much lower 1 day after the surgery than those of preoperation [CD3+:(59.67 ± 3.45) ％,(60.58 ± 4.27) ％ ; CD4+:(43.71 ± 8.45) ％,(43.21 ± 8.45) ％ ; CD4+/CDs+:(1.41 ±0.38),(1.45 ±0.48)] in both two groups(t =6.10,2.50;3.22,4.97;3.09,4.98;P ＜0.05).In group A,the levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ [(58.78 ± 5.24) ％,(43.18 ± 8.48) ％,(1.41 ± 0.41)] had no statistical differences 5 days after the surgery(P ＞ 0.05) compared with those of preoperation.While in group C,the levels of CD3+ [(57.11 ± 6.81) ％],CD4+ [(38.68 ± 7.70) ％],CD4+/CDs+ [(1.19 ± 0.37)] were lower than the levels before the surgery[(60.58 ± 4.27) ％,(43.21 ± 8.45) ％,(1.45 ± 0.48)],and of the differences were statistically significant (t =2.46,2.17,2.35 ;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with allegeic transfusion,acute normovolemic hemodilution could benefit the recovery of parturients by alleviate the inhibitory effect of transfusion on the immune function.

This paper is to report the polymorphism of raw materials of clopidogrel bisulfate at home and abroad. By the analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD), samples are roughly classified into two groups, except one patent material. And the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) examination showed more detailed information for these materials. The results of the study could provide comprehensive basis for the quality evaluation of clopidogrel bisulfate.

Objective To compare the effects of allogeneic blood transfusion and hemodiluted autotransfusion on cellular immune function in the patients undergoing cesarean section.Methods Sixty patients,aged 20-35 yr,weighing 50-80 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective cesarean section,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:hemodiluted autotransfusion group (group HAT) and allogeneic blood transfusion group (group ABT).Both groups received epidural anesthesia.The radial artery was cannulated after epidural anesthesia,and the autologous blood was collected in group HAT.The autologous blood transfusion timing:intraoperative blood loss was expected to exceed 20％ of blood volume.For the patients in whom intraoperative blood loss was not expected to exceed 20％ of blood volume,bleeding was stopped,and autologous blood was infused intravenously after peritoneum closure.The allogeneic blood transfusion timing:when hemoglobin ＜ 70 g/L,packed red blood cells 1-5 U were infused intravenously;when prothrombin time,or activated partial thromboplastin time ＞ 1.5 times of the normal value,the fresh frozen plasma 100-400 ml was infused intravenously;when platelet count＜50× 109/L,platelets 10-40 U were infused intravenously.When entering the operating room (T0),on 1st day after operation (T1),and on 5th day after operation (T2),blood samples were collected to detect the levels of T lymphocyte subsets CD3+,CD4+ and CD8+ (using FACScan flow cytometer),and serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6 concentrations (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).CD4+/CD8+ ratio was calculated.Results Compared with the values at T0,the levels of CD3+ and CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ ratio,and serum IL-2 concentrations were significantly decreased,and the serum IL-6 concentrations were increased at T1,2 in group ABT,and at T1 in group HAT (P＜0.05).Compared with group ABT,the CD3+ and CD4+ levels,CD4+/CD8+ ratio and serum IL-6 concentrations were significantly increased at T1,and the serum IL-2 concentrations were increased at T1,2 in group HAT (P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with allogeneic transfusion,hemodiluted autotransfusion has less inhibitory effect on cellular immune function in the patients undergoing cesarean section.

Investigation of simvastatin and its related substances was carried out using a reversed phase ultra performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method. The identification of impurities in simvastatin was performed with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer, with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in the negative/positive ion mode. A total of 12 compounds were characterized in commercial samples, among which 2 impurities had never been reported. All the impurities were deduced based on the MS fragment pathways of simvastatin and the biosynthetic pathway of lovastatin. This work provides very useful information for quality control of simvastatin.

Objective To study the anxiety and depression in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS).Method One hundred and seventy-four ALS patients were evaluated by self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)and self-rating depression scale(SDS) to study the anxiety and depression in them.Results In 174 ALS patients,21 had anxiety(12.07%)and 65 the depression(37.36%). The scores of SAS and SDS in the ALS patients were significantly higher than the national norm(P<0.05).The depression incidence in the female patients was significantly higher than the male(P<0.05).Conclusions Anxiety and depression are more severe than those in ALS patients than those in normal people.Psychological support is important for these patients,especially for those female patients.

Objective: To explore the value of CYP2C19 genotype polymorphisms for guiding the strategy of anti-platelet therapy in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with clinical prognosis.
Methods: A total of 326 CAD patients with PCI treatment received CYP2C19 genotype examination. According to CYP2C19 polymorphisms, the patients were divided into 3 groups. The patients with CYP2C19*1/*1, fast metabolism were defined as Routine group, who received clopidogrel 75 mg/day,n=128. The patients with CYP2C19*1/*2, CYP2C19*1/*3, CYP2C19*2/*3, CYP2C19*2/*2, CYP2C19*3/*3, medium and slow metabolism were further divided into 2 groups as High clopidogrel group, who received clopidogrel 150 mg/day,n=99 and Ticagrelor group, who received ticagrelor 90 mg/bid,n=99. The changes of platelet aggregation rate (PAgT) at before and 1, 3, 6 months after PCI were observed, the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and bleeding condition were compared among different groups at 6 months after PCI.
Results: The PAgT was similar between High clopidogrel group and Routine group at 1, 3, 6 months after PCI, P>0.05;while compared with High clopidogrel group and Routine group, the PAgT decreased in Ticagrelor group at 1, 3, 6 months after PCI,P<0.05. The occurrence of MACE was similar between High clopidogrel group and Routine group at 6 months after PCI,P>0.05; while compared with High clopidogrel group and Routine group, Ticagrelor group had much less MACE occurrence,P<0.05. Ticagrelor group had no more major bleeding events than the other 2 groups,P>0.05.
Conclusion: High dose clopidogrel does not increase MACE occurrence in CAD patients with CYP2C19 medium and slow metabolism after PCI. Ticagrelor may decrease PAgT and MACE occurrence without elevating the major bleeding events.

Objective:To investigate the changes and clinical significances of serum levels of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods:126 cases of patients with RA in our hospital from June 2013 to December 2016 were selected as RA group and divided into two subgroups as active RA group (69 cases) and remission RA group (57 cases) according to the severity of the disease.55 healthy cases who receive physical check in our hospital at same time were selected as the control group.The serum GM-CSF,IL-6 TNF-α levels were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared between different groups,the correlation of serum GM-CSF,IL-6 TNF-α levels with DAS28 were analyzed.Results:The serum GM-CSF,IL-6 TNF-α levels of RA group were significantly higher than those of the remission RA group and control group (P＜0.01),and the serum GM-CSF,IL-6 TNF-α levels of remission RA group were also significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.01).Positive correlation between serum GM-CSF,IL-6 and TNF-α levels were found(P＜.0.01).The level of DAS28 was significantly correlated with the levels of serum GM-CSF,IL-6 and TNF-α (r=0.473,0.584,0.675,all P＜0.01).Conclusion:The levels of serum GM-CSF,IL-6 and TNF-α were up-regulated in patients with RA and positively correlated with the activity of RA,which might be of important clinical significance in the early diagnosis,disease evaluation and prognosis of RA.