For medical caliber education and training research-oriented medical students, experimental training of medical genetics was innovated based on typical diseases. In this course, traditionally single experiments were combined in a main line and formed a whole system. Thus, the comprehensive quality and innovation ability of students were trained, as were the practical skills.

Objective To investigate the resistance of Staphylococcus to erythromycin and clindamycin and detect the percentage and gene for inducible resistance. Methods Disk diffusion method was used to test the resistance phenotype of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcus according to the standards of NCCLS. The inducible resistance of erythromycin to clindamycin was checked by D-test and the gene for erythromycin ribosome methylase was detected by polymerase chain reaction.Results Co-resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin accounted for 62.7% and 54.8% in MRSA and MRCNS respectively. D-test positive rate was 17.7% among all Staphylococcus tested. The rate of inducible resistance to clindamycin (D-test positive) was 67.6% and 45.3% in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus which possessed erythromycin resistant and clindamycin sensitive by individual disk diffusion test. The predominant gene for inducible resistance was ermC with the percentage of 74.5%.Conclusion The inducible resistance of erythromycin to clindamycin in Staphylococcus should be checked by D-test in clinical microbiology laboratory in order to help physicians to select MLSB antimicrobial agents correctly.

Objective To explore the application effect of de-escalation thinking shift mode in emergency condition of morning shift meeting. Methods Guided by the de-escalation thinking, critical ill patients transfer tables were established in the emergency department, patients admitted into the emergency resuscitation room were selected from January 2015 to December 2015, and divided into the observation group (329 cases) and the control group ( 310 cases) . Patients in the control group applied the traditional oral shift meeting mode by the bed to check the patient; patients in the observation group applied the de-escalation thinking shift mode of morning shift meeting, followed by the specification of morning shift process and content; additionally, the cooperation of nursing staff, the transfer of nursing adverse events, nurses awareness of the patient′s condition, the patient satisfaction survey were counted before and after the implementation, respectively. Results Chinese version of Nursing Assessment Shift Report (NASR) was used to evaluate the cooperation status between the two sides of nursing staffs, and the mean scores of nursing staffs were 60.50±1.80 and 78.20±2.50 in the control group and the observation group, respectively, showing statistical significance (t=14.23, P<0.01);before application, corresponding statistical results regarding the shift meeting related nursing adverse events showed that there were 5 cases of infusion prolapse/leakage, 2 cases of pressure ulcer, 3 cases of pipe extrusion, and 2 cases of delayed drug delivery;after application, there were 2 cases of infusion prolapse/leakage, 0 case of pressure ulcer, 1 case of pipe extrusion, and 1 case of delayed drug delivery;comparison results showed significantly statistical difference (χ2=1.76-6.74, P<0.05). Before application, assessment results regarding the mean scores of nurses awareness of the patient's condition showed that mean scores of patients′ state of illness, test results, current treatment, potential risk, and nursing focus were 3.83 ± 0.62, 3.16 ± 0.64, 4.17 ± 0.36, 3.47 ± 1.26, and 3.64 ± 1.10, respectively;and after application, mean scores of patients′state of illness, test results, current treatment, potential risk, and nursing focus were 4.71 ± 0.27, 4.53±0.66, 4.89 ± 0.10, 4.50 ± 0.61, and 4.72 ± 0.43, respectively;the differences were statistically significant (t=-8.86--3.35, P<0.05). Furthermore, patient satisfaction with nursing staff in emergency department was improved from 91.6%(284/310) to 96.0%(316/329)(χ2 =25.74,P<0.05). Conclusions The application of de-escalation thinking shift mode in emergency condition of morning shift meeting may contribute to the specification of the transfer process, improvement of nursing work efficiency, and finally result in the promotion of patients′safety and teamwork.

Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on serum insulin (INS) levels and gastric antral cholecystokinin (CCK) content in rats with diabetic gastroparesis (DGP).Methods Sixty SD rats were randomized into groups A, B, C, D and E, 12 rats each. Group A is a normal control. A DGP model was made by an intraperitoneal injection of 2% streptozocin (STZ) plus an irregular high sugar and fat diet in groups B, C, D and E. group B is a model one and did not receive treatment. Group C received electroacupuncture at points Zusanli, Sanyinjiao and Liangmen; group D, electroacupuncture at the control points of Zusanli, Sanyinjiao and Liangmen. Group C, an oral gavage of metoclopramide tablet solution. Blood sugar and urine sugar were determined using a OneTouch lood glucose meter and Tes-Tape, respectively. The gastric emptying rate and the intestinal migration rate were measured by an oral gavage of phenol red. Serum INS levels and gastric antral CCK content were measured by ELISA in every group of rats before and after treatment.Results There were statistically significant differences in blood and urine sugar values between group B, C, D or E rats and group A (P<0.01) and between group C rats and group B or E (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the gastric emptying rate between group B, C, D or E rats and group A (P<0.01) and between group C rats and group B or D (P<0.01,P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the intestinal migration rate between group B or D rats and group A (P<0.01) and between group C rats and group B or D (P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in serum INS levels and gastric antral CCK content between groups B and A rats (P<0.05,P<0.01). There was a statistically significant difference in gastric antral CCK content between groups D and A rats (P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in serum INS levels and gastric antral CCK content between groups C or E rats and group B (P<0.05,P<0.01). There was a statistically significant difference in gastric antral CCK content between groups C and D rats (P<0.05).Conclusions Electroacupuncture can markedly improve gastrointestinal functions and promote gastric emptying in DGP rats. Its therapeutic effect may be related to electroacupuncture raising serum INS levels and reducing gastric antral CCK content.

Objective To observe the effect of music therapy on stroke patients with depression.Methods 70 post-stroke depression patients were divided into the observation group and the control group according to the hospitalized number,the control group received conventional therapy neurology without giving antidepressants;the observation group were given music therapy group basis.Both groups were at the time of enrollment and after treatment using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD),Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) for the two groups of patients assessed the degree of depression.Results After the treatment,the HAMD score of the observation group was (23.57 ± 10.33)points,compared with the control group[(28.20 ± 8.83)points],the difference was statistically significant (t =2.02,P ＜ 0.05);the SDS score of the observation group was (61.00 ± 10.67) points,compared with the control group [] (66.11 ± 10.38) points],the difference was statistically significant (t =-2.03,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Music therapy for depression in patients with post-stroke recovery has a positive meaning.

Objective To discuss the influence of Saccharomyces boulardii on serum apolipoprotein levels in liver cirrhosis patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).Methods 74 liver cirrhosis patients with SBP were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and control group.Patients in the two groups were given routine medical treatment such as liver protection and diuretic effect,correction of hypoproteinemia,anti-infection etc.Patients in the observation group were orally given Saccharomyces boulardii 0.5g for one time,two times daily for 4 weeks.The changes of serum apolipoprotein A1 and B levels in two groups were observed and compared,and the curative effect and safety were also observed.Results After treatment for 4 weeks,the serum apolipoprotein A1 and B levelsintwogroupswereobviouslyincreasedcomparedwithbeforetreatment (t =2.46,2.3 7,3.04,2.87,P ＜ 0.05or P ＜0.01),and the increase of observation group was much higher than that of control group(t =2.29,2.23,all P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,the total effective rate of the observation group (91.89％) was significantly higher than that of control group (72.97 ％) (x2 =4.57,P ＜ 0.05).3 cases and 5 cases of adverse reactions appeared in control group and observation group,the symptom was light and no serious drug adverse reaction(DAR) observed.The incidence rate of DAR between the two groups had no obviously statistical difference (x2 =0.14,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Saccharomyces boulardii has reliable curative effect and high security in the treatment of liver cirrhosis patients with SBP,the mechanism may be related with increasing the synthesis of apolipoprotein A1 and B in the liver and intestine,and increasing serum levels of apolipoprotein A1 and B.

Objective To improve the sensitivity of detection of protein P16 by FCM.Methods Protein P16 of blood cells and tumor cells in biopsy samples were labeled simultaneously with anti-CD45 and anti-P16 fluorescent antibody.The rates of CD45+P16+ cells and CD45-P16+ cells were calculated by FCM.Results The low expression rates of protein P16 in normal blood cells and in tumor cells in biopsy samples were 15.39%(6/39) and 69.23%(27/39),respectively, which had a significant differences (P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and resistance of extended spectram ?-lactamases(ESBLs) producers in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.METHODS ESBLs producing strains were screened by double disk test and confirmed by the NCCLS confirmatory test.Susceptibility test to antimicrobial agents was performed by disk diffusion method and analyzed by WHONET 5.3 and Excel.RESULTS The isolated ratio of ESBLs producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae increased from 14% and 15% in 1999 to 30.1% and 30.4% in 2002.Bacteremia caused by the two kinds of ESBLs producers accounted for 30.2% and 30.4%,respectively.ESBLs producing K.pneumoniae and(ESBLs) producing E.coli were 19.8% and 14.0% for outpatient and 26.6% and 31.6% for inpatient.The resistance of(E.coli) to 17 kinds of agents was similar,no matter it was isolated from blood,urine or sputum.Susceptibility of(ESBLs) producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae in urine to cefoperazone/sulbactam,and piperacillin/tazobactam were 85% and 65.2%,66.6% and 29.4%,although to other 15 agents there were no difference.None of the(isolates) showed resistance to imipenem.CONCLUSIONS There is an increasing trend of ESBLs producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae(isolated) from various kinds of specimens and from different wards.It is important for clinical physicians to understand the distribution and the resistance characteristics of ESBLs producing E.coli and(K.pneumoniae) to antibiotics.

Presented in the paper are the Patient Clinical Complexity Level(PCCL)and Episode Clinical Complexity(ECC)models as used in Australia.Comparison of the differences between ECC model and PCCL model,and a replacement of ECC model of PCCL model in measurement of disease complexity,points the way for localized scheme design in China.

Objective To study protective immunity effects of co-immunization with P30 DNA vaccine and protein vaccine. Methods Forty-eight 5-6 weeks old BALB/c female mice were divided into four groups (A,B,C,D), 12 mice of each group. In group A (control group) each mouse was immunized with 100 ?g pcDNA3.1 plasmid DNA by intramuscular (i.m.) for three times at week 0,2 and 4; in group B (P30 protein group) each mouse was immunized (i.m.) with 50 ?g rP30+50 ?g CFA for three times at week 0, 2 and 4; in group C (pcDNA3.1-P30 group) each mouse was immunized with 100 ?g pcDNA3.1-P30 plasmid DNA (i.m.) for three times at week 0, 2 and 4; in group D (P30 DNA+rP30 co-immunization group) each mouse was immunized with 100 ?g pcDNA3.1-P30 plasmid DNA (i.m.) for two times at week 0, 2 and immunized by subcutaneous with 50 ?g rP30+50 ?g CFA at week 4. Each mouse was infected with 100 tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain four weeks later after last immunization. The anti-P30 antibodies were detected with ELISA before the challenge. Results The P30 DNA vaccine was successfully constructed. High titers of anti-P30 antibodies were induced in each mouse immunized with DNA vaccine. The protective trial proved that there was no significant difference between control group and experimental group though the survival time of mouse from experimental group had been prolonged. Conclusion The P30 DNA vaccine could induced high titers of anti- P30 antibodies in immunized mice, and it may be a potential DNA vaccine candidate.