This study discussed the dual affiliated institutions of one author in a scientific paper.This issue could give rise to troubles such as the dispute over signature rights, dispute over intellectual property rights, etc. Moreover, it could bring negative effects on the development of science. In addition, some suggestions were put forward to deal with this issue.

To explore the pathogenicity of VEG strain Toxoplasma gondii oocysts on China Kunming mice,T.gondii oocysts of ＜ 1 and 102-108 were chosen to feed the mice orally.And the modified agglutination test (MAT),H&E and IHC were used to check the infection of mice.The infection rate,the survival rate of mice,and number of cysts in brain were analyzed.Results showed that 100％ of the mice fed with ≥102 oocysts were infected,the minimum lethal dose was 102 oocysts and the 100％ lethal dose was 108 oocysts.The time of death in acute infection was 7 DPI to 14 DPI.T.gondii cysts formation rate was 32.14％ (9/28),and the number of cysts was 9 to 857 per mouse.The survival rate of infected mice was 67.44％ (29/43),and the longest survival time was more than 390 DPI.Accordingly,the virulence of T.gondii VEG strain is medium,and has a higher cysts formation rate.

Objective To investigate the effect of total flavonoids from astragalus complanatus (FAC) on attenuating lung injury resulted from paraquat (PQ) poisoning by inhibiting excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in rat.Methods Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=8 in each group),including control group,model group,dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) vehicle control group,and FAC in low,medium,and high dosage groups.The model was reproduced by giving PQ 80 mg/kg orally to induce lung injury.The rats in control group were treated with saline by gavage.The rats in DMSO group were given 10％ DMSO 20 mL/kg by gavage 2 hours before intraperitoneal injection of PQ,and those in FAC low,medium and high dosage groups received 40,80,160 mg·kg-1· d-1 of FAC solution intraperitoneally after the PQ administration.The rats were sacrificed 72 hours after giving PQ,and the left lung tissue was harvested 72 hours after the reproduction of experimental model.The ratio of wet/dry weight (W/D) and total lung water content (TLW) were determined.The pathohistological changes of the left lung was observed under light microscope,and scored with alveolar damage index of quantitative assessment (IQA).The mRNA expressions of JNK and glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),and the protein expression of JNK,phosphorylation-JNK (p-JNK),and GRP78 were determined by Western Blot.Results Compared with control group,the W/D ratio,TLW and IQA were increased significantly in model group and DMSO group,and the mRNA expressions of JNK and GRP78 and the protein expressions of JNK,p-JNK and GRP78 were markedly increased.Compared with the model group,the W/D ratio,TLW and IQA,and the expressions of JNK mRNA and p-JNK protein were significantly decreased in the FAC groups,especially in FAC high dosage group [W/D ratio:3.0 ± 0.3 vs.5.5 ± 0.5,TLW:2.2 ± 0.3 vs.4.7 ± 0.4,IQA:(15.4 ± 3.0)％ vs.(40.0 ± 5.7)％,JNK mRNA:0.21 ± 0.08 vs.0.82 ±0.27,p-JNK protein:0.31 ±0.09 vs.0.78 ±0.25,all P＜0.O1].The mRNA expression of GRP78 and the protein expressions of JNK and GRP78 were highly expressed in FAC low,medium and high dosage groups,and there was no significant difference compared with those in model group (GRP78 mRNA:0.54 ± 0.18 vs.0.74 ± 0.20,JNK protein:0.76 ± 0.27 vs.0.80 ± 0.28,GRP78 protein:0.51 ± 0.18 vs.0.69 ± 0.21,all P＞0.05).Conclusions PQ induces excessive ERS in the lung tissue resulting in lung injury.FAC has a protective effect on lung against PQ injury,and it may be related with inhibition JNK pathway in ERS.

ObjectiveTo investigate the design and mechanical properties of bone cement injectable canulated pedicle screw (CICPS) so as to provide a safe and effective internal fixation for osteoporotic spinal disorder.Methods ( 1 ) Bone cement injection test was performed in vitro,and within osteoporotic cancellous bone models and osteoporotic vertebrae respectively.The distribution of bone cement and screw-bone interface were observed by X-ray films and CT.(2) Ten CICPSs already injected with bone cement and ten conventional pedicle screws were respectively examined by shear strength test.(3) CICPS in the cancellous bone models was augmented with 2-3 ml of bone cement.Then,the maximum axial pull-out strength of the CICPS was measured and were compared with that of conventional screws.ResultsBone cement overflowed from each side hole of the CICPS and distributed only around the front of screws in an even and extensive way.Also,no bone cement leakage was founded.The mean shear load of CICPS and conventional screws was ( 10 600.8 ± 360.1 ) N and ( 15 458.1 ± 31 1.4) N respectively ( P ＜0.05 ).The mean maximum axial force at pull-out was ( 209.3 ± 13.3 ) N for the CICPS and ( 27.0 ± 5.0) N for the conventional screws ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions By dispersing bone cement uniformly,CICPS reduces the risk of cement leakage and significantly improves the pullout strength of screws in osteoporotic vertebrae.CICPS with good efficacy and safety provides theoretic basis for its clinical application.

Th22,a new subset of helper T cells,which is char-acterized by the secretion of interleukin-22(IL-22),could infil-trate to the epidermis in individuals with inflammatory skin disor-ders.This article introduces the action of Th22 and IL-22 in in-flammatory skin diseases,including psoriasis,atopic dermatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus,systemic sclerosis,aiming at re-vealing the role of Th22 and IL-22 in these diseases,which would not only provide some novel targets of drugs for inflamma-tory skin diseases,but also promote the researches on the pre-vention and treatment of these diseases.

Objective:To explore the efficacy of subcutaneous injection of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in preventing invasive fungal disease (IFD) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).Methods:The clinical data of 222 patients who were admitted to the Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2015 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients was given GM-CSF (3-5 μg·kg -1·d -1, GM-CSF group) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, 2-5 μg·kg -1·d -1, G-CSF group) when neutrophils (ANC) ≤1.5×10 9/L after induction chemotherapy. Patients were discontinued when white blood cell count (WBC) ≥10.0×10 9/L. The incidence of IFD (including confirmed, clinical and proposed diagnosis) and breakthrough invasive fungal infections was compared between the two groups. Results:The incidence of IFD was 8.1% (18/222) in all patients. The incidence of IFD was 3.5% (3/85) and 10.9% (15/137) in the GM-CSF and G-CSF groups, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2 = 3.88, P = 0.049). In 9 patients of GM-CSF group receiving fungal infection prophylaxis and in 15 patients of G-CSF group receiving fungal infection prophylaxis, the incidence of breakthrough invasive fungal infections was 0 and 7 cases, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P = 0.022). Conclusions:GM-CSF application in MM patients can reduce the incidence of IFD and breakthrough invasive fungal infections.

Objective:To investigate the effect of intravenous anesthesia on the detection rate of lesions in diagnostic gastroscopy.Methods:A total of 9 071 subjects who underwent diagnostic gastroscopy at the Digestive Endoscopy Center of Yangzhou University Affiliated Hospital from March 2021 to February 2022 were selected. Data were collected from the gastroscopy quality control system, including age, gender, examination physician, Helicobacter pylori infection, examination method, withdrawal time, number of images left, number of biopsies, biopsy site, gastroscopy diagnosis, pathological diagnosis, etc. They were divided into anesthesia group and general group based on the examination method, and propensity score matching (PSM) was performed on the two groups of subjects. Excluding confounding factors, the detection of lesion location and lesion type in two groups of subjects was analyzed; Simultaneously, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of the detection rate of precancerous lesions and malignant tumors in the upper gastrointestinal tract.Results:After PSM, 1 655 subjects were included in both groups. In terms of lesion location, the detection rate of gastric body lesions in the anesthesia group was higher than that in the general group ( P<0.05), and the detection rate of esophageal lesions in the anesthesia group was lower than that in the general group ( P<0.05); In terms of lesion types, the detection rate of precancerous lesions such as gastric polyps, mucosal protrusions, mucosal atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia in the anesthesia group was higher than that in the general group (all P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that intravenous anesthesia was an independent influencing factor for the detection rate of precancerous lesions and malignant tumors in diagnostic gastroscopy ( OR=1.338, 95% CI: 1.070-1.674, P<0.05). Conclusions:Intravenous anesthesia is an independent influencing factor for the detection rate of precancerous lesions and malignant tumors in diagnostic gastroscopy, and can improve the detection rate of upper gastrointestinal lesions.

Objective: To study the age of onset of malignant tumors in cancer registration areas in Zhejiang province from 2000 to 2015. Methods: Based on the incidence data of cancer from 14 national cancer registration areas in Zhejiang province between 2000 and 2015, the incidence rate, average/standardized average age of onset, and age-specific incidence proportion were calculated, and standardized by Segi′s world population. The population was divided into 7 age groups (0-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, ≥80 years old). The average age of onset and age-specific incidence proportion were analyzed by using a linear regression. The change trend of the proportion; the average annual percent change (AAPC) of the incidence rate was calculated by using the Joinpoint log-linear regression model. The birth cohort was constructed by using the standardized incidence rate and the year of onset of cancer, and the distribution characteristics of the age groups were described. Results: From calendar year 2000 to 2015, the average age of onset of malignant tumors in Zhejiang Province decreased from 59.7 to 57.6, with an average annual percent decrease of 0.09 year (P=0.033). After the merge of age groups, the standardized incidence proportion of 30-49 and ≥60 years old group standardization increased by an average annual change of 0.38% and decreased by an average annual change of 0.39%, respectively (both P values <0.001). The results of the log-linear regression model showed that the standardized incidence rate of the 30-39 and 40-49 years old age groups increased rapidly, with the AAPC (95%CI) about 5.2% (4.4%-6.0%) and 3.4% (2.5%-4.3%), respectively. The incidence rate of female increased rapidly, especially for 30-39 and 40-49 years old age groups with the AAPC about 6.2% (5.1%-7.2%) and 4.9% (4.0%-5.9%), respectively. The results of the birth cohort analysis showed that the population with different birth years in the same age groups saw an increasing trend with the increase of the birth year. Conclusion The age of onset of malignant tumors in the cancer registration areas in Zhejiang Province is getting younger. The incidence rate and number of people with malignant tumors in 30-49 years old age group is evident. These characteristics are more obvious in female than that in male.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of rubber band-assisted endoscopic submucosal excavation (RB-ESE) for gastric submucosal tumors (SMT).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on data of gastric SMT patients who underwent ESE in Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from January 2017 to August 2022. A total of 48 patients were selected and divided into two groups: RB-ESE group ( n=20) and the conventional ESE (C-ESE) group ( n=28). The operation time, bleeding rate and perforation rate during operation, the retention rate of the mucosal cap, the number of clips, postoperative complications, and the hospitalization time were analyzed. Additionally, correlations between complications and tumor size/location and between bleeding and perforation were evaluated. Results:No significant difference was found in the general conditions between the two groups ( P>0.05). The operation time of RB-ESE group (14.82±2.31 min) was significantly shorter than that of C-ESE group (23.70±3.67 min) ( t=-9.539, P<0.001). The intraoperative bleeding rates were 20.0% (4/20) and 42.9% (12/28) in the RB-ESE group and C-ESE group respectively ( χ2=2.743, P=0.098), while the intraoperative perforation rates were 25.0% (5/20) and 46.4% (13/28) respectively ( χ2=2.286, P=0.131). Furthermore, the mucosal cap preservation rate was notably higher in the RB-ESE group at 60.0% (12/20) compared with 7.1% (2/28) in the C-ESE group ( χ2=15.777, P<0.001). The number of clips applied to close the wound was 8.05±1.40 and 10.43±1.96 in the RB-ESE group and C-ESE group respectively ( t=4.925, P<0.001). The postoperative hospital stays were 4.35±0.75 days and 5.00±0.86 days respectively in two groups ( t=2.724, P=0.009). No postoperative bleeding or perforation occurred in either group. The results showed that the occurrence of perforation and bleeding were associated with tumor diameter. Patients with tumor size ≥2 cm showed increased proportions of intraoperative bleeding [68.4% (13/19), P<0.001] and perforation [78.9% (15/19), P<0.001]. There was a correlation between intraoperative bleeding and perforation ( P<0.001). Conclusion:RB-ESE proves to be an effective and safe approach for managing gastric SMT, offering advantages such as reduced operation time and hospital stays, improved retention of the mucosal cap post-operation, and less clips use. The results suggest that RB-ESE could be widely adopted for treating SMT.

Objective To analyze the composition of the aqueous extract of Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua(PCHE)and evaluate its antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo.Our aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua.Methods(1)PCHE was prepared by aqueous extraction,and the chemical composition of PCHE was analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and phenol-sulfuric acid method.The inhibitory activity on tumor cells proliferation of PCHE was detected by CCK-8 assay.Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry,and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by Western Blot.The inhibitory activity of PCHE-containing serum on cell proliferation was detected.(2)A B16 tumor-bearing mice model was constructed and model mice were randomly divided into the model group(saline),the positive drug group(CTX:50 mg·kg-1),and PCHE low-,medium-,and high-dose groups(55.9,111.8,223.6 mg·kg-1),and treated by gavage for 7 days.Changes in body weight and tumor volume of mice were observed during the treatment period.The mice were executed after the treatment,and the histopathological changes of heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney and tumor were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC).Results The polysaccharide content of PCHE reached(10.07±1.3)%,and the flavonoid content was(0.044±0.004)%,and thirty-nine components were detected by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS,which contained antitumor components such as flavonoids(baicalein,quercetin,luteolin and rutin),organic acids(ferulic acid)and polyphenols(gallic acid),etc.PCHE exhibited the inhibitory effects on Hela,A549,4T1,B16,MFC and HepG2 cells,among which the inhibitory effect on B16 cells was the most significant(P＜0.001),and PCHE induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in B16 cells(P＜0.001).The results of double-staining flow cytometry and Western Blot showed that PCHE significantly promoted apoptosis of B16 cells,decreased the expression of Bcl-2,and promoted the expression of Bax(P＜0.01,P＜0.001).and PCHE constituents absorbed into blood also had an inhibitory effect on B16 cells(P＜0.001).In addition,the results of in vivo activity assay showed that different doses of PCHE could inhibit tumor growth,induce tumor cell necrosis,reduce Bcl-2 expression,and increase Bax expression compared with the model group.Conclusion The ingredients in PCHE are abundant.It contains a variety of antitumor active ingredients,which can inhibit tumor growth,induce tumor cell apoptosis,show strong anti-tumor effects and be worthy of in-depth study.