Objective To study the morphological characteristics of tectal cells in stratum griseum centrale(SGC) which project to nucleus rotundus(Rt) in chick. Methods Tectal cells projecting to the Rt were retrogradely labeled by using the injection or implantation of a small amount of carbocyanine fluorescent tracer(DiI) into Rt postmortemly in chicks.Results Labeled SGC cells were classified into four types according to the location of the soma and dendritic endings in the tectal layers.Type 1 cells of the SGC,whose somata were located in superficial part of the SGC,gave off dendritic endings to layer F.Type 2 cells in the SGC,whose somata were also located in superficial part of the SGC,gave off dendritic endings to layer D.Type 3 cells,whose somata were located in deep part of the SGC,gave off primary dendrites obliquely in layer H-J of SGFS.Type 4 SGC cells,whose somata were located in the deep part of the SGC,gave off dendrites horizontally and their dendrites were located within the SGC.The labeled dendrites of type I and 2 cells of the SGC formed bush-like or bifurcated endings extending horizontally in layer F and bottle brush endings vertically in layer D,respectively.The dendrites of type 3 and type 4 cells mainly formed free endings in their extending deep tectal layers.Conclusion The dendrites of superficial SGC cells(type 1 and type 2 cells) extend to retinorecipient tectal layers(layer F and layer D,respectively),having the shape of bush-like or bifurcated endings extending horizontally in layer F and bottle brush endings vertically in layer D,respectively corresponding to the shapes of terminals of optic nerves in these layers.The dendrites of deep SGC cells(type 3 and type 4 cells) do not extend to the retinorecipient tectal layers,mainly forming free endings in the tectal layers deeper than layer H.

Objective To explore the effect mechanism of sympathetic nerve on early developing embryo of mice. Methods The model of sympathectomy mouse was established by 6-OHDA injected intraperitoneally.The early developing mice embryo and lymphocytes in uterus were observed using histology,immunohistochemistry and ELISA methods. Results In sympathectomy mouse,the number of embryo implantation was decrease to 64.4%,endometrial lamina propria and vascellum were shortfall.The numbers of CD4~+T cell and CD8~+T cell in sympathectomy mice were larger than ones in control groups,especially,the number of CD8~+T cells at E3 and E5 differed highly(P

Objective To study the effect of monochromatic light on the distribution of retinal ganglion cells in chicks. Methods Sixty One-day-old male broilers were reared under four light treatments,red(660nm),green(560nm),blue(480nm) and white(400-760nm) by using LED(light-emitting diodes) as light sources until the 49th day(n=15).Light intensity was 15 lux at the height of birds' heads and scheduled for 23hours of light and 1hour of darkness during the entire experiment.The retinas were stained by Nissl-staining and DiI-labeling.The retinal area,cell size and density in ganglion cell layer were estimated by image analysis. Results The retinal area and RGCs' number in the blue and green light groups were higher than that in the red and white light groups(10.35% and 17.07%,P

Objective To study the morphological types of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) projecting to tectum in the chick. Methods The tectal projecting RGCs in the chick were identified by retrograde axonal transport of Fast blue and their dendrites were labeled by intracellular injection of Lucifer Yellow.The retinotectal projecting ganglion cells were classified according to somal areas,dendritic field sizes and dendritic branching pattern. Results Retinotectal projecting ganglion cells were divided into 3 groups and 5 subgroups,Group Ic/Is,Group IIc/IIs,Group IVc.Group I cells had small somal area and small dendritic field.They contained 2 subgroups of Is(simple)and Ic(complex).Group II cells had medium sized soma and dendritic field,and also included 2 subgroups of IIs and IIc.Group IV cells had large soma and dendritic field,and only contained a subgroup IVc.The proportion of each subgroup was 27.7%(Ic),33.6%(Is),2.5%(IIc),24.4%(IIs),and 11.8%(IVc),respectively. Conclusion The types of retinotectal projecting ganglion cell were prominently composed of small to medium sized neurons(88.2%)and some large neurons(11.8%).Ofthese,subgroup Ic cells which were very similar to ? cells were found in the chick and subgroup Is and IIs were not reported in the mammalin retina.The cells in group Ⅲ,which were found in the chick central retina,did not project to the tectum. [

Objective To prove the mechanism of diethylstibestrol(DES) induced abnormal spermatogenesis,this study on the changes of proto-oncogenes bcl-2 and p53 proteins as well as cadherin adherens molecules expression in adult male hamster spermatogenic cells. Methods Adult male golden hamsters were treated daily olive oil vehicle either alone(control)or containing 1 mg/kg body weight of DES (experiment)by subcutaneous injection for 7 days.The changes of testes histological morphology were observed under light and electron microscope.The expressions of bcl-2 and p53 and cadherin in the testes seminiferous epithelium were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results DES induced adult hamster testes abnormal spermatogenesis.As compared to the control group animals,in DES-treated group animals the expression of both bcl-2 and p53 significantly increased in spermatogenic cells,especially in spermatocytes and round spermatids.However,the expression of cadherin adherens molecules obviously decreased.Conclusion It is one of reasons of DES inducing abnormal spermatogenesis that DES can result in increasing in the expression of proto-oncogenes bcl-2 and p53,and reducing cadherin adherens molecules expression.

Objective To explore the dose-effect relationship and optimal concentration of sodium taurocholate (NaTc) to establish acute necrosis pancreatitis (ANP) complicating MODS in a rat. Methods 280 SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n =40) and 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5% ANP group (n = 60, respectively). ANP groups were induced by retrograde injection of NaTc solution into the pancreatic duct of rats. Rats in each model group were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after the model induction. Serum amylase, serum total bilirubin, creatinine, blood gas analysis, and pathological changes of pancreas were determined. Survival rate at 24 h after the model induction was observed in other 20 ANP rats in each group. Results In each groups, the serum amylase level, creatinine, blood gas analysis and pathological changes all increased corresponding to the increase of NaTc, and there was significant dose-effect relationship and time-effect. In 4.5% group, the dysfunction of liver and kidney reached the peak at 6 h,while the respiratory dysfunction reached its peak at 12 h. Its incidence of MODS was 52.5%, which was significantly higher than those in 3.5%, 4.0% group (15.0% and 37.5%) ;and 24 h survival rate of 4.5% group was 65%, which was significantly higher than that in 5% group (30%). Conclusions 4.5% NaTc solution may be the optimal concentration to establish the ANP model, which had higher incidence of MODS and 24 h survival rate.

Objective To investigate the time-course change of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), TNF-α in rat with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and its mechanism. Methods 80 SD rats were randomly divided into ANP group and control group. ANP group was induced by retrograde injection of 4.5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct in SD rats, while control group was induced by injection of saline at the same dosage. Eight rats in each group were killed at 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h, respectively. The serum levels of amylase, TNF-α were determined;IAP, amount of abdominal ascites, pancreatic pathologic changes were evaluated. Results The levels of amylase in ANP group increased progressively with time, which were 32-folds higher than those in control group at 24 h. The serum levels of TNF-α in ANP group reached the peak at 6 h, and were significantly higher than those in the control group. The amount of abdominal ascites increased post-ANP induction and reached the peak at 24 h, which was 4.7-folds higher than that in the control group. The IAP significantly increased 1 h after induction, which was 3 times as high as the control group in 3 h group and 9 times in 12 h group. Pathologic injuries deteriorated progressively and reached the peak at 24 h. Conclusions Significant IAP occurred in ANP rats and reached the peak at 12 h, TNF-α reached the peak at 6 h, therefore IAP may be the secondary response to inflammatory reaction.

Objective:To explore the value of synthetic MRI and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods:Totally 116 patients (female, aged 22-80 years) with suspicious breast lesions found by clinical examination in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from September 2020 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received synthetic MRI and DCE-MRI scans, and the quantitative parameters of synthetic MRI [T 1, T 2, proton density (PD) value before enhancement of breast lesions (T 1pre, T 2pre, PD pre) and T 1, T 2, PD value after enhancement of breast lesions (T 1Gd, T 2Gd, PD Gd)] were measured. The difference before and after enhancement (?T 1, ?T 2, ?PD) and the ratio before and after enhancement(T 1ratio, T 2ratio, PD ratio) were calculated. All lesions were confirmed by biopsy or surgery. Independent sample t test was used to compare the differences of parameters between benign and malignant lesions, and parameters with statistically significant differences were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression to screen out independent predictors for the diagnosis of breast malignant lesions. The efficacy of quantitative parameters alone and in combination with DCE-MRI, was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results:Of 116 patients, 27 patients were benign and 89 patients were malignant. T 2pre, PD pre, T 2Gd, PD Gd, ?T 2, T 1ratio and T 2ratio values of malignant patients were lower than those of benign lesions ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that T 2pre (OR=0.961,95%CI 0.926-0.993, P=0.022)and PD pre(OR=0.945, 95%CI 0.908-0.979, P=0.003) were independent predictors of breast malignant lesions. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of T 2pre+PD pre in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions was 0.77, and the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 0.84, 0.87, 0.68, 0.92 and 0.56, respectively. The AUC of T 2pre+PD pre combined with DCE-MRI in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions was 0.95, indicating the best diagnostic efficiency, and higher than that of DCE-MRI alone (0.92)( Z=2.20, P<0.05). Conclusions:T 2pre and PD pre values of synthetic MRI can be used as reference parameters for differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions. Synthetic MRI combined with DCE-MRI can effectively improve the diagnostic efficiency of breast malignant lesions.

Objective: To investigate the alterations of the cerebral resting-state spontaneous neural activity in colorectal cancer patients with depressive symptoms. Methods: Thirty-three colorectal cancer patients (patient group) with depression and 43 healthy subjects (control group) underwent the resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional ALFF (fALFF) were calculated. Two independent samples t test were used to compare the ALFF and fALFF values between two groups by DPABI software, and then correlation analysis was performed between ALFF and fALFF with statistical significance and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scores. Results: Compared with the control group, the patient group showed significantly lower ALFF and fALFF values in the bilateral precuneus, calcarine gyrus, lingual gyrus, left cuneus, superior, middle, inferior occipital gyrus and right fusiform gyrus (t=-5.730, P<0.05; t=-4.872, P<0.05). There were no significant correlations between the ALFF and fALFF values in these regions and PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores (P>0.05). Conclusion Spontaneous decrease of neural activity in occipital and parietal lobes exists in colorectal cancer patients with depression at resting-sate, which may be a potential neurobiological marker.