Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and side-effect between pulse cyclophosphamide (CTX) therapy and mycophenolate mofetil(MMF) in lupus nephritis. Methods A group (CTX group): 30 patients were given intravenous cyclophosphamide (0.5 -0.75 g/m~2) pulse plus oral prednisone. All patients were treated for (18. 65 ?6. 10) (6 -24) months. B group (MMF group): 30 patients were given MMF at a dosage of 1. 0 -1. 5 g/d and oral prednisone. All patients were treated for (21. 89?7. 48) (6-48) months. Patients in two groups were comparable in age, sex distribution, severity of renal damage. Most patients in B group were refractory to cyclophosphamide therapy, and their histories were much longer than those of A group. Results CTX and MMF both reduced proteinuria and hematuria, and improved renal function and immune indexes CTX and MMF were effective on inhibiton of autoantibodies production. The mean therapeutic period of B group was significantly longer than that of A group, but the ontcome of two groups was similar. Liver toxicity and amenorrhea were not observed, while infections(13. 3% ), herpes zoster(6. 7% ), leukopenia(3. 3% ) were found during MMF treatment. And in CTX group, liver toxicity(23. 3% ), amenorrhea(28% ), infections(23. 3% ), herpes zoster( 10% ), leukopenia (10% ) occurred. Conclusion For the treatment of lupus nephritis, the combination of mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone is as effective as the regimen of cyclophosphamide and prednisone but less toxicity.

Objective To design and optimize the MRS pulse sequence which used to measure gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA) in vivo. Methods In-depth research for the MRS sequence was carried out and a theoretical analysis and simulation by software using product-operator algebra for the design and optimization of pulse sequence was discussed. Results Through the simulation of MRUI software, Cr signal at ?3.0 was seen to be suppressed and the weak GABA signal was displayed clearly. Conclusion The sequence was designed and optimized. Method to increase the efficiency and the stability of the measurement was studied. Our research gives theoretical preparation for the coming programming work.

Objective To identify the outcome of pregnancy and the alteration of renal function in women with nephrotic syndrome. Methods From 2003 to 2007, 59 pregnant women with nephrotic syndrome in our hospital were enrolled in the study. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed, including the time of kidney disease onset, 24-hour proteinuria, serum albumin, serum creatinine, blood uric acid, blood pressure, fetal survival, fetal mortality, rate of premature delivery, birth weight of the newborn, and proteinuria, renal function, blood pressure of the patients during their postpartum follow-up. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors influencing the outcome of the patients and the newborns. Results The average gestational week was (20.35±9.40) weeks when proteinuria was detected in these pregnant women. The 24-hour proteinuria ranged from 3.5 to 15 g/24 h (median 5.1 g/24 h). The serum albumin was between 10 and 28 g/L (median 22.5 g/L). The serum creatinine was between 32 and 825 μmol/L (median 84 μmol/L) and the serum uric acid ranged from 196 to 793 μmol/L (median 385.5 μmol/L). Pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome occurred in 75% of the patients, among whom 55.5% suffered from preeclampsia. Forty-three (72.9%) newborns survived , among whom 76.7% (33/43) were premature births and 62.8% (27/43) were low birth weight infants. 50% of the pregnant women still had nephrotic syndrome after delivery. 75% of 24 patients with pre-existing chronic glomerulonephritis had increased proteinuria during pregnancy. Among the 38 patients with renal insufficiency, 36.8% had poorer renal function after delivery. 23.7% of the patients progressed into end stage renal failure after delivery, 80% of whom had serum creatinine ≥ 265 μmol/L. 89% of the patients had persistent hypertension after childbirth. The Logistic regression analysis indicated hyperuricemia during pregnancy (P=0.018, OR=1.012) and the increase of serum creatinine (P=0.039, OR=1.005) were risk factors of renal failure in pregnant women after delivery. Hyperuricemia (P=0.012, OR=1.006)was the risk factor of fetal death. Conclusions Pregnancy with nephrotic syndrome leads to a low fetal survival. Hyperuricemia is the most important risk factor of the poor outcome of pregnant women and newborn.

A patient with impaired kidney function after kidney transplantation and received treatment at the First Hospital of Jilin University was retrospective analyzed. The patient was male, 45 years old, and was diagnosed hemolytic uremic syndrome by transplanted kidney biopsy. The patient received cyclosporine A (CsA) as maintenance centered immunosuppression therapy postoperatively. He was admitted because of 1 week acratia followed by 1 day increased serum creatinine level at 1.5 years after transplantation. At 1 day after admission, he was received renal needle biopsy, and underwent 2 days Prednlsolone treatment. After hemolytic-uremic syndrome was diagnosed, CsA was transferred to Tacrolimus (Fk506) with dose of 2 mg/d, and Azathioprine was replaced by mycophenolate, Prednisone was taken orally for 20 mg/d. The function of the transplanted kidney and the change of routine blood tests were observed. After 1 week treatment of the changed Immunosuppression therapy, the function of the transplanted kidney was improved obviously, and the hemoglobin and platelets was decreased during the treatment. The results demonstrated that kidney biopsy is a key method to diagnose hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and adjustment of immunosuppressive agents, replacing CsA with FK506 are effective for postoperative hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

The technology of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy(MRS) is a newly-developed mean for analyzing some specific nucleus and their compounds making use of the principles of magnetic resonance and the effects of chemical shift. Currently, among MRS applications, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS) is the most widely applied one developed from single voxel to three-dimensional multi-voxel scanning technique. It provides a lot of important information for clinical studies. This article mainly reviews the methods for absolute quantification measurement of brain metabolites using multi-voxel MRS.

Adult ; Endoscopy ; Ethmoid Sinus ; surgery ; Humans ; Lipoma ; surgery ; Male ; Orbital Neoplasms ; surgery ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; surgery

Objective To evaluate the absolute quantification of brain metabolites concentrations using external standard MRS in acute hypoxia ischemia encephalopathy (HIE) piglet model. Method Eight 7-day-old healthy piglets were subjected to insult of hypoxia ischemia (HI). The animals and an external standard phantom containing detectable metabolites of known concentrations were studied on a 1.5 T GE Signa scanner. The single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) data were processed using LCModel software, and the quantification of N-acetylaspartate ( NAA), creatine (Cr) and lactate (Lac) were accomplished. Multivariate analysis of variance was performed to compare the NAA, Cr, Lac concentration differences in the brains of piglets pre- and post-HI (0h). In addition, the dynamic changes of brain metabolites concentrations of 2 HIE piglets were observed at the time points of 0 h and 2 h. Results One piglet was excluded because it was over anesthetized to death. Seven piglets' data were analyzed. The concentrations of NAA pre- and post-HI were ( 6. 86 ± 0. 49 ) mmol/kg and ( 5.73 ± 0. 88 ) mmol/kg respectively, they were ( 4. 65 ± 0. 73 ) mmol/kg and ( 4. 40 ± 0. 80 ) mmol/kg for Cr; and were 0. 00 mmol/kg and (0. 43 ± 0. 39) mmol/kg for Lac. After HI, decreased NAA concentration immediately was observed, and it was of statistical significance ( F = 8. 608, P = 0. 013 ). The concentration of Cr was insignificantly decreased ( F = 0. 379, P = 0. 550). The concentration of Lac was increased, and the difference was of statistical significance ( F = 8. 600 ,P = 0. 013 ). Dynamic observation showed a Lac peak immediately after HI and it decreased after 2 h post-HI. Conclusions External standard MRS using LCModel has great value in the quantitative analysis of brain metabolites. The changes of NAA and Lac concentrations are sensitive to reflect the early metabolic change of acute HIE.

A rapid, simple and practical high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with diode array detector (HPLC–DAD) was developed to evaluate the quality of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz. through a simultaneous determination of four major active triterpenes using a single standard to determine the multi-components (SSDMCs). Alisol B 23-acetate was selected as the reference compound for calculating the relative response factors. All calibration curves showed good linearity (R240.9998) within test ranges. RSDs for intra- and inter-day of four analytes were less than 3.6% and 2.3%; the overall recovery was 92.1–110.2%(SSDMC). The proposed method was successfully applied to quantify the four components in 20 samples from different localities in China. Moreover, significant variations were demonstrated in the content of these compounds. In addition, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were performed to differentiate and classify the samples based on the contents of Alisol C 23-acetate, Alisol A, Alisol A 24-acetate and Alisol B 23-acetate. This simple, rapid, low-cost and reliable HPLC–DAD method using SSDMC is suitable for routine quantitative analysis and quality control of A. orientale (Sam.) Juz.

Objective:To study the applied value of CREG Zygosity Principles in kidney transplantation.Methods:Relationship between HLA CREG zygosity and acute rejection incidence was analyzed in 173 kidney transplantation and the concerned principles were discussed.Results:HLA-A,B,DR antigens of 0 mismatch (MM) were 7.51%,4.04%,3.46%;and those of 2 MM were 39.88%,65.31%,58.38% respectively.Compared in CREGs,A,B,and DR,the 0 MMs were 49.71%,30.63% and 24.27%;whereas 2MMs were only 5.20%,12.14% and 8.67%.In HLA-A,B and DR antigens 0 MM,the incidence of acute rejection was 21.96%,21.38% and 7.51% respectively;and in 2MMs,those were 22.54%,20.23%,and 66.67% respectively.Compared by CREGs A,B and DR 0 MM,acute rejection reached 21.83%,20.21% and 6.14%;and in 2MMs the incidence of acute rejection were 22.22%,20.00% and 69.82%.Conclusion:CREGs model is a novel method of choosing kidney transplantation donor-recipients’s matching.

Objective To explore the risk factors for infantile hemangiomas with the emphasis on perinatal factors and socioeconomic and environmental status.Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out targeting mothers and their babies who admitted to the Department of Prevention and Health Care of China-Japan Friendship Hospital for registration from Jan.1st,2009 to Dec.31st,2011.Information gathered included maternal basic information,perinatal factors before and during pregnancy,and socioeconomic and environmental status.Photos and record of the position and size of the pathological change were taken once infantile hemangiomas were diagnosed.Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were carried out to investigate the risk factors.Results One thousand nine hundred and ninety-eight questionnaires with detail information were collected,among which 94 infants were diagnosed with infantile hemangiomas (4.7 ％).It showed that maternal age≥ 30 (OR =2.687,95％ CI:1.615-4.472,P =0.000),multiple pregnancies (OR =1.730,95 ％CI:1.032-2.901,P=0.038),female infants (OR =1.855,95 ％ CI:1.187-2.899,P =0.007 ),threatened abortion ( OR =3.135,95％ CI:1.487-6.609,P =0.003),amniocentesis (OR =2.754,95 ％CI:1.278-5.938,P =0.010),family history of hemangiomas (OR =2.978,95 ％ CI:1.127-4.049,P=0.032) and video display terminals exposure ＞45 h/week (OR=3.166,95％CI:2.027-4.944,P=0.000) were closely associated with infantile hemangiomas development.Conclusions The elderly maternal age,multiple pregnancies,female infants,threatened abortion,amniocentesis and family history of infantile hemangiomas and long-time exposure of video display terminals might be the risk factors for infantile hemangiomas.