Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and side-effect between pulse cyclophosphamide (CTX) therapy and mycophenolate mofetil(MMF) in lupus nephritis. Methods A group (CTX group): 30 patients were given intravenous cyclophosphamide (0.5 -0.75 g/m~2) pulse plus oral prednisone. All patients were treated for (18. 65 ?6. 10) (6 -24) months. B group (MMF group): 30 patients were given MMF at a dosage of 1. 0 -1. 5 g/d and oral prednisone. All patients were treated for (21. 89?7. 48) (6-48) months. Patients in two groups were comparable in age, sex distribution, severity of renal damage. Most patients in B group were refractory to cyclophosphamide therapy, and their histories were much longer than those of A group. Results CTX and MMF both reduced proteinuria and hematuria, and improved renal function and immune indexes CTX and MMF were effective on inhibiton of autoantibodies production. The mean therapeutic period of B group was significantly longer than that of A group, but the ontcome of two groups was similar. Liver toxicity and amenorrhea were not observed, while infections(13. 3% ), herpes zoster(6. 7% ), leukopenia(3. 3% ) were found during MMF treatment. And in CTX group, liver toxicity(23. 3% ), amenorrhea(28% ), infections(23. 3% ), herpes zoster( 10% ), leukopenia (10% ) occurred. Conclusion For the treatment of lupus nephritis, the combination of mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone is as effective as the regimen of cyclophosphamide and prednisone but less toxicity.

Objective To design and optimize the MRS pulse sequence which used to measure gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA) in vivo. Methods In-depth research for the MRS sequence was carried out and a theoretical analysis and simulation by software using product-operator algebra for the design and optimization of pulse sequence was discussed. Results Through the simulation of MRUI software, Cr signal at ?3.0 was seen to be suppressed and the weak GABA signal was displayed clearly. Conclusion The sequence was designed and optimized. Method to increase the efficiency and the stability of the measurement was studied. Our research gives theoretical preparation for the coming programming work.

Objective To identify the outcome of pregnancy and the alteration of renal function in women with nephrotic syndrome. Methods From 2003 to 2007, 59 pregnant women with nephrotic syndrome in our hospital were enrolled in the study. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed, including the time of kidney disease onset, 24-hour proteinuria, serum albumin, serum creatinine, blood uric acid, blood pressure, fetal survival, fetal mortality, rate of premature delivery, birth weight of the newborn, and proteinuria, renal function, blood pressure of the patients during their postpartum follow-up. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors influencing the outcome of the patients and the newborns. Results The average gestational week was (20.35±9.40) weeks when proteinuria was detected in these pregnant women. The 24-hour proteinuria ranged from 3.5 to 15 g/24 h (median 5.1 g/24 h). The serum albumin was between 10 and 28 g/L (median 22.5 g/L). The serum creatinine was between 32 and 825 μmol/L (median 84 μmol/L) and the serum uric acid ranged from 196 to 793 μmol/L (median 385.5 μmol/L). Pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome occurred in 75% of the patients, among whom 55.5% suffered from preeclampsia. Forty-three (72.9%) newborns survived , among whom 76.7% (33/43) were premature births and 62.8% (27/43) were low birth weight infants. 50% of the pregnant women still had nephrotic syndrome after delivery. 75% of 24 patients with pre-existing chronic glomerulonephritis had increased proteinuria during pregnancy. Among the 38 patients with renal insufficiency, 36.8% had poorer renal function after delivery. 23.7% of the patients progressed into end stage renal failure after delivery, 80% of whom had serum creatinine ≥ 265 μmol/L. 89% of the patients had persistent hypertension after childbirth. The Logistic regression analysis indicated hyperuricemia during pregnancy (P=0.018, OR=1.012) and the increase of serum creatinine (P=0.039, OR=1.005) were risk factors of renal failure in pregnant women after delivery. Hyperuricemia (P=0.012, OR=1.006)was the risk factor of fetal death. Conclusions Pregnancy with nephrotic syndrome leads to a low fetal survival. Hyperuricemia is the most important risk factor of the poor outcome of pregnant women and newborn.

Objective To conduct a pilot study on genome-wide in vivo protein-RNA interactions in E.coli.Methods Bacterial lysate was treated with RNase before the RNA fragments protected by proteins were extracted from treated lysate and used to construct cDNA library that was applied to high-throughput sequencing .Finally, the transcripts bound by proteins were obtained by bioinformatics analysis .Results A total of 3193 transcripts were obtained , including 2234 mRNAs, 47 sRNAs, 39 tRNAs, 11 rRNAs, and 862 intergenic regions .Conclusion Some information of transcripts interacting with proteins in E.coli is acquired , which will facilitate further studies of protein-RNA interactions .

Objective To explore the metabolite profiles of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)underwent death using 9.4 T high resolution MR spectroscopy.Methods MSCs were cultured and treated for 6,12 and 24 hours in a stimulated condition which included hypoxia,serum deprivation and changes of microenvironment.Cell death and the mortality was detected by light microscopy,Hocchst staining and flow cytometry analyses.The morality of stem cells was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Cell metabolite extraction was prepared by methanol-chloroform(M/C) method and analyzed on a 9.4 T MR device.1H-MR spectroscopy was obtained and the metabolite concentration of each time point was calculated and compared using one way ANOVA,the difference between two groups was analyzed by SNK test.Results Necrosis was the major form of cell death in the built model.The morality of every time sets was 16±4(0 h),658±61 (6 h),1 571 ± 154(12 h) and 2 816± 178(24 h) respectively,and the difference between each groups were statistically significant (F=298.96,P＜0.01).After induced stem cells death for 6,12 and 24 h,the metabolite concentrations at 0.89 ppm was (1.48±0.69),(2.32±0.63)and (2.15±0.45)nmol/mg respectively,and increased compared to thc control[(1.41 ±0.25)nmol/mg]with statistical significance (F=329.57,P＜0.01).The metabolite concentrations at 1.28 ppm was (6.42±0.31),(7.26±0.32)and (7.01 ±0.61)nmol/mg,respectively,and increased compared to the control[(5.76 ±0.74)nmol/mg]with statistical significance (F=19.56,P＜0.01).The metabolite concentrations at 1.60 ppm was (2.36±0.31),(2.29±0.16)and (2.31 ± 0.24) nmol/mg respectively,and increased compared to the control[(1.96 ± 0.27)nmol/mg]with statistical significance (F=4.35,P＜0.05).After induced stem cells death for 12 hours,the metabolite concentrations at 0.89 ppm was increased compared to 6 hours with statistical significance (P＜0.05).The metabolite concentrations at 1.28 ppm was increased compared to 6 hours with statistical significance (P＜0.05).After induced stem cells death for 24 hours,the metabolite concentrations at 0.89 ppm was decreased compared to 12 hours with statistical significance (P＜0.05).Conclusions There are some specific characteristics on MRS of MSCs underwent death,and the fatty acid peak may serve as a biomarker for cell death.

Objective To explore the risk factors for infantile hemangiomas with the emphasis on perinatal factors and socioeconomic and environmental status.Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out targeting mothers and their babies who admitted to the Department of Prevention and Health Care of China-Japan Friendship Hospital for registration from Jan.1st,2009 to Dec.31st,2011.Information gathered included maternal basic information,perinatal factors before and during pregnancy,and socioeconomic and environmental status.Photos and record of the position and size of the pathological change were taken once infantile hemangiomas were diagnosed.Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were carried out to investigate the risk factors.Results One thousand nine hundred and ninety-eight questionnaires with detail information were collected,among which 94 infants were diagnosed with infantile hemangiomas (4.7 ％).It showed that maternal age≥ 30 (OR =2.687,95％ CI:1.615-4.472,P =0.000),multiple pregnancies (OR =1.730,95 ％CI:1.032-2.901,P=0.038),female infants (OR =1.855,95 ％ CI:1.187-2.899,P =0.007 ),threatened abortion ( OR =3.135,95％ CI:1.487-6.609,P =0.003),amniocentesis (OR =2.754,95 ％CI:1.278-5.938,P =0.010),family history of hemangiomas (OR =2.978,95 ％ CI:1.127-4.049,P=0.032) and video display terminals exposure ＞45 h/week (OR=3.166,95％CI:2.027-4.944,P=0.000) were closely associated with infantile hemangiomas development.Conclusions The elderly maternal age,multiple pregnancies,female infants,threatened abortion,amniocentesis and family history of infantile hemangiomas and long-time exposure of video display terminals might be the risk factors for infantile hemangiomas.

A patient with impaired kidney function after kidney transplantation and received treatment at the First Hospital of Jilin University was retrospective analyzed. The patient was male, 45 years old, and was diagnosed hemolytic uremic syndrome by transplanted kidney biopsy. The patient received cyclosporine A (CsA) as maintenance centered immunosuppression therapy postoperatively. He was admitted because of 1 week acratia followed by 1 day increased serum creatinine level at 1.5 years after transplantation. At 1 day after admission, he was received renal needle biopsy, and underwent 2 days Prednlsolone treatment. After hemolytic-uremic syndrome was diagnosed, CsA was transferred to Tacrolimus (Fk506) with dose of 2 mg/d, and Azathioprine was replaced by mycophenolate, Prednisone was taken orally for 20 mg/d. The function of the transplanted kidney and the change of routine blood tests were observed. After 1 week treatment of the changed Immunosuppression therapy, the function of the transplanted kidney was improved obviously, and the hemoglobin and platelets was decreased during the treatment. The results demonstrated that kidney biopsy is a key method to diagnose hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and adjustment of immunosuppressive agents, replacing CsA with FK506 are effective for postoperative hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

A rapid, simple and practical high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with diode array detector (HPLC–DAD) was developed to evaluate the quality of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz. through a simultaneous determination of four major active triterpenes using a single standard to determine the multi-components (SSDMCs). Alisol B 23-acetate was selected as the reference compound for calculating the relative response factors. All calibration curves showed good linearity (R240.9998) within test ranges. RSDs for intra- and inter-day of four analytes were less than 3.6% and 2.3%; the overall recovery was 92.1–110.2%(SSDMC). The proposed method was successfully applied to quantify the four components in 20 samples from different localities in China. Moreover, significant variations were demonstrated in the content of these compounds. In addition, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were performed to differentiate and classify the samples based on the contents of Alisol C 23-acetate, Alisol A, Alisol A 24-acetate and Alisol B 23-acetate. This simple, rapid, low-cost and reliable HPLC–DAD method using SSDMC is suitable for routine quantitative analysis and quality control of A. orientale (Sam.) Juz.

Objective:To study the applied value of CREG Zygosity Principles in kidney transplantation.Methods:Relationship between HLA CREG zygosity and acute rejection incidence was analyzed in 173 kidney transplantation and the concerned principles were discussed.Results:HLA-A,B,DR antigens of 0 mismatch (MM) were 7.51%,4.04%,3.46%;and those of 2 MM were 39.88%,65.31%,58.38% respectively.Compared in CREGs,A,B,and DR,the 0 MMs were 49.71%,30.63% and 24.27%;whereas 2MMs were only 5.20%,12.14% and 8.67%.In HLA-A,B and DR antigens 0 MM,the incidence of acute rejection was 21.96%,21.38% and 7.51% respectively;and in 2MMs,those were 22.54%,20.23%,and 66.67% respectively.Compared by CREGs A,B and DR 0 MM,acute rejection reached 21.83%,20.21% and 6.14%;and in 2MMs the incidence of acute rejection were 22.22%,20.00% and 69.82%.Conclusion:CREGs model is a novel method of choosing kidney transplantation donor-recipients’s matching.

Objective To understand the medical college students' knowledge,attitude and behavior of AIDS,and provide the basis for health education programmes.Methods 2 130 school students were recruited by cluster sampling method in one medical college,including 717 freshman,533 sophomore and 880 junior.Questionnaire was used to investigate AIDS-related knowledge,attitudes and behaviors to all of the 2 130 students.Results The correct answer rate was 80.72%,which was positively correlated with the grade,but the knowledge of non-AIDS transmission and detection techniques was still not very clear,such as mosquito bites,sharing towels and clothing with AIDS patients could spread the AIDS or not,the correct answer rate was just 36.7% and 54.3%.There was a certain attitude of discrimination in medical students on AIDS,79.9% of medical students were unwilling to shopping at the place of AIDS patients,and 76.4% were unwilling to have dinner with AIDS patients.Compared with the freshmen,high-grade students have higher knowledge level on HIV/AIDS,but their attitude to AIDS patients was poor.Conclusions Presently,medical students' recognizing on HIV/AIDS still have a long distance from the professional requirements,suggesting that AIDS health education in medical college students is necessary.