Based on a review of currently published 40 papers ( 20 published in recent 5 years, 20 published in recent 10 years) on gold nanoparticles for cancer radiotherapy, the general characteristics, theoretical studies, in vitro experiment, in vivo experiment,and the clinical prospects of targeted radiotherapy with gold nanoparticles were reviewed. Three key aspects guarantee further investigation for the full understanding of the radiosensitization effect of gold nanoparticles:the cellular localization and tissue distribution of nanoparticles and influential factors;the micro dose enhancement effect of gold nanoparticles, and the molecular biological mechanism. More cross disciplinary collaboration, research, development and translation are needed before gold nanoparticles are put into clinical trials.

Multimodality medical image registration has become increasingly popular in the field of image processing,and it has significant meaning for the clinical diagnosis and treatment.In this article,the process of image registration is described,and a full review and comparison of some typical medical image registration methods are given according to the features of the images including internal and external characteristics.

Objective To test the accuracy and reliability of Axesse accelerator for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT).Methods The accuracy and reliability of Axesse accelerator for VMAT were tested in a stepwise manner, from the simple to the complex and from the part to the whole.For the parts of the system, the stability of dosimetric output and the position accuracy of multi-leaf collimator (MLC) were tested.For the process of the system, the variable VMAT dose rates and gantry speed modulation, the MLC speed and dose rate modulation, and dosimetric verification in patients were tested.Results Compared with fixed gantry irradiation, the variation in dosimetric output was below 1.0% for rotary irradiation including the slide rotary irradiation of the dynamic MLC.The MLC position error of 0.5 mm was visible using the electronic portal imaging system of Axesse, iViewGT 3.40.The MLC position accuracy was within 1 mm for fixed gantry irradiation and rotary irradiation.In the range of the dose rate applied in clinical practice, the testing results of variable VMAT dose rates and gantry speeds as well as variable dose rates and MLC speeds showed that the variation between different strip-field beam intensities was below 2.0%.Using a gamma criterion of 3 mm/3%, the pass rates in dosimetric verification of patients with cervical cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer were 96.52%, 95.72%, and 98.83%, respectively.Conclusions The Axesse system can precisely control MLC motion, variable dose rates, and gantry speeds in VMAT.The Axesse system is accurate and reliable for VMAT.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of shear wave elastography (SWE) in predicting pathological responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer.Methods:According to the postoperative pathological responses, 56 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical excision in the Fujian Cancer Hospital from August 2019 to September 2020 were divided into responders and non-responders. The relative change rates of tumor maximum diameter(ΔD2, ΔD4) and SWE stiffness (ΔEmax2, ΔEmax4, ΔEmean2, ΔEmean4) were assessed before NAC and after different NAC cycles (t2, t4). Clinical information, including age, T, N stages, ER, PR, HER2, Ki67, and molecular subtype were also considered as the variables. The independent influencing factors of pathological responses after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were obtained by logistic regression analysis and diagnostic test was carried out.Results:There were 23 cases as responders (41.0%, 23/56), and 33 cases as non-responders (58.9%, 33/56). Results of multivariate analysis showed ΔEmax4 and HER2 index were independent influencing factors of pathological responses ( OR=1.11, P<0.001; OR=31.81, P=0.002). Area under curve of the ΔEmax4 (AUC: 0.869, 95% CI: 0.746-0.941) was higher than that of HER2 (AUC: 0.690, 95% CI: 0.545-0.834). The combination of ΔEmax4 and HER2 gave the best prediction of pathological responses (AUC 0.930, 95% CI: 0.829-0.981). the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, postive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 78.26%, 96.97%, 75.23%, 94.73%, and 86.49%, respectively. Conclusions:ΔEmax4 and HER2 are independent predictors of pathological responses after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Combined ΔEmax4 and HER2 can improve the predictive diagnostic efficacy of pathological responses to chemotherapy for breast cancer.