Objective To compare the characteristics in initial sandplay of college students with high and low gregarious personality,to validate the psychological assessment function of the initial sandplay.Methods Used the 16-PF as the tool to selected the 56 students as the high gregarious group,and 36 students as the low gregarious group.Results On selection of toys,the proportions of high gregarious group were significantly higher than those in low gregarious group in total numbers,plants and daily necessities ((27.77 ± 11.01)vs (20.94 ± 8.76),(7.30 ±6.43)vs(3.25 ±2.85),(3.66 ±2.86)vs(2.25 ±2.57)),and significantly lower in religion toys (0.30 ± 0.47) vs (0.86 ± 1.09).On operation process,the proportion of starting with toys in high gregarious group was significantly higher than that in low gregarious group (94.6％ vs 25％).Their attitudes towards sand were random touch(28.6％ vs 5.6％) and indifference(62.5％ vs 41.7％).They used more grass(55.4％ vs 27.8％),more real characters(83.9％ vs 50％),fewer virtual characters(55.4％ vs 83.3％) and more dynamic changes in creation(14.3％ vs 0％),more applied by the social scene (39.3％ vs 0％).On the theme of sandplay,the high gregarious group was fewer appear by the empty,neglect,injury ((3.6％ vs 19.4％),(0％ vs 8.3％),(0％ vs 8.3％) respectively,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The results show that the high and low gregarious personality have significantly characteristics in initial sandplay.Sandplay is valuable to be a personality assessment tool.

ObjectiveTo summarize the characteristics in initial sandplay of the interpersonal sensitivity (IS) in college students,and validate the psychological assessment function of the initial sandplay.MethodsThe research selected the 32 IS college students and 36 healthy students by the symptom checklist 90(SCL-90).All the 68 students applied the initial sandplay operation.The initial sandplay encoding of information was collected by coding table,and analyzed by t test,Chi-square test.ResultsOn selection of toys,the IS group was significantly lower in total,buildings,plants ( ( 18.63 ± 10.93 ) vs ( 29.81 ± 12.25 ),( 1.47 ± 1.52 ) vs ( 2.39 ± 1.68 ),( 3.41 ±4.39) vs(9.72 ±6.67) ),and significantly more in the others( (0.13 ±0.33) vs(0.00 ± 0.00) ).On space utilization,the IS group was lower than the non-IS group in all fields except the left middle and the middle.On operation process,the IS group on attitude to the sand was untouch(59.4％ vs 22.2％ ),less exposed the blue bottom (71.9％ vs 30.6％ ),less use the bridge(68.8％ vs 38.9％ ),more dissatisfaction with the own sandbox(43.8％vs 2.8％ ),more warfare and abstract scene( ( 18.8％ vs 0％ ),(21.9％ vs 2.8％ ) ),and less family and society scene( ( 12.5％ vs 27.8％ ),(25％ vs 41.7％ ) ).On the theme of sandplay,the is group was more appeared by the confusion,empty,split,limit,neglect,injury,threat theme( (25％ vs 5.6％ ),(37.5％ vs 0％ ),(31.3％ vs 0％ ),(40.6％ vs 5.6％ ),(37.5％ vs 2.8％ ),( 15.6％ vs 0％ ),(50％ vs 5.6％ ) ),and less appeared by the integrate,flow and energy theme ((12.5％ vs 38.9％),(3.1％ vs 50％),(28.1％ vs 58.3％)).ConclusionThe results show that the IS group has significantly characteristics in initial sandplay.Sandplay is valuable to be a clinical psychological assessment.

Objective To investigate the surgical technique,postoperative function and dislocation incidence of proximal humerus reconstruction with metallic endoprostheses and polypropylene knitted nonabsorbable mesh after proximal humeral tumor resection.Methods Twenty patients with proximal humeral tumor were retrospectively reviewed.They were performed proximal humerus reconstruction with proximal humeral prosthesis and polypropylene knitted non-absorbable mesh from February 2006 to January 2009.There were 5 women and 7 men with a mean age of 38 years(range,21-55 years)at the time of surgery,and giant cell tumor in 9 patients(including Campanacci Ⅱ for 3,Campanacci Ⅲ for 6),osteosarcoma in 1(Enneking ⅡB).and chondrosarcoma in 2 (Enneking ⅡA).The operative time,blood loss,and shoulder movement postoperation were analysed.According to the assessment system by MSTS,the function of limb after surgery was assessed.Results Patients were followed clinically and radiographically for a minimum of 24 months (mean,35 months;range,24-52 months).The mean operative time was 172 min(range,150-200min).The mean blood loss was 254 ml (range,150-500 ml).There were no shoulder dislocations at final follow-up.The mean shoulder flexion was 41°(range,20°-60°)and mean shoulder abduction was 42°(range,20°-70°).The mean postoperative functional assessment score of the limb was 66%(range,53%-77%).None of the Datients had a wound infection,traction neuropraxia or died after the surgical procedure.Conclnsion The data suggests that the use of a polypropylene knitted non-absorbable mesh for proximal humerus reconstruction may reduce dislocations and facilitate soft tissue attachment after tumor resection.

BACKGROUND: The proximal tibia is the second common site for primary bony sarcomas,which lacks adequate soft tissue coverage.Resection and reconstruction by any technique leave the reconstructed area in a subcutaneous position.This has been a major source of necrosis of skin and infections.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of gastrocnemius muscle transfer to obtain soft-tissue coverage and extensor mechanism reconstruction for limb-sparing resection of the proximal tibia with endoprosthetic reconstruction.METHODS: From January 2001 to June 2008,27 patients with osteosarcoma of the proximal tibia confirmed by biopsy were selected.All the tumours were assigned to stage IIB based on Enneking's classical staging system.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy(Bacci,IOR/OS-N4)was utilized for the patients.All the patients adopted limb-sparing surgery,i.e.resection of proximal tibia with endoprosthetic reconstruction.A gastrocnemius flap was utilized to improve implant coverage and enhance the patellar tendon repair.MSTS was used to measure the functional status of patients with a sarcoma in the leg.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The follow-up was averagely 53.1 months.Of 27 patients,2 cases(7%)died of lung metastasis within 2 years,1(4%)suffered from amputation due to infection and underwent amputation.The others developed no complications or recurrence.The MSTS score was averagely 25.1 points.Results show that resection with endoprosthetic reconstruction utilizing a gastrocnemius muscle flap for osteosarcoma of the proximal tibia is reliable and predictable in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Objective T o observe the changes of cystathionine β-synthase (C B S ) expression in the cere-bral cortex after brain contusion at different tim es. Methods A n experim ental m odel of traum atic brain injury (T B I) in m ice w as established by an im proved w eight-drop device. T hen W estern blotting and im m unohistochem ical exam ination w ere used to detect the C B S expression in cerebral cortex around in-jury at different tim e points (1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 7 d). Results T he results of W estern blotting revealed that the expression level of C B S w as dow n-regulated and reached its low est level at the 3rd days after injury, and then restored to norm al level after 7 days. T he results of im m unohistochem istry show ed that C B S w as present in the norm al brain cortex. C B S expression gradually decreased at the 3rd days after injury, and then restored to norm al level after 7 days. Conclusion C B S has the potential to be a reference index for tim e estim ation after brain contusion in forensic practice.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between phosphorylation of Tau protein and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) containing 18 kDa fragments and investigate the mechanism of neuronal damage induced by sevoflurane.Methods:Primary neurons (ApoE3 and ApoE2 genotypes, 24 dishes for each genotype) of fetal mice cultured until the 5th day were divided into 4 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: ApoE3 control group (A3C group), ApoE3 sevoflurane group (A3S group), ApoE2 control group (A2C group) and ApoE2 sevoflurane group (A2S group). Neurons were treated with 21% oxygen + 5% carbon dioxide + 4.1% sevoflurane for 4 h in A3S and A2S groups, while the neurons were only treated with 21% oxygen + 5% carbon dioxide in A3C and A2C groups.The cell proteins were then extracted to detect the expression of full-length ApoE and ApoE, AT8 and PHF1 containing 18 kDa fragments (by Western blot), expression of ApoE mRNA (by real-time polymerase chain reaction), and concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the supernatant (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results:Compared with A2C group, the expression of ApoE mRNA and full-length ApoE in neurons was up-regulated ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the expression of AT8 and PHF1 and concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatant in A2S group ( P>0.05). Compared with A3C group, the expression of ApoE mRNA, full-length ApoE, and ApoE, AT8 and PHF1 containing 18 kDa fragments was up-regulated, and the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatant were increased in A3S group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Sevoflurane may promote phosphorylation of Tau proteins and increase inflammatory responses through up-regulating the expression of ApoE containing 18 kDa fragments, thus leading to neuronal damage.

Objective To evaluate the effect of hydrogen on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in brain tissues of mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE).Methods A total of 212 clean-grade healthy male C57BL/6J mice,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 20-25 g,were divided into 4 groups (n =53 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (group Sham),sham operation plus hydrogen group (group Sham+H2),group SAE and SAE plus hydrogen group (group SAE+ H2).The sepsis model was established by intraperitoneally injecting human fecal suspension.Sham+H2 and SAE+H2 groups inhaled 2％ hydrogen for 1 h at 1 and 6 h after establishing the model,respectively.Postoperative 14-day survival rate was recorded.Evans blue (EB) was injected into the tail vein at 24 h after establishing the model,and the content of EB in brain tissues was calculated.Brain tissues were taken for determination of brain water content.The expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in hippocampal tissues was detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay.The expression of MMP-9 and ZO-1 protein and mRNA in hippocampal tissues was determined by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction,respectively,at 6,12 and 24 h after establishing the model.Results Compared with Sham group,the 14-day survival rate was significantly decreased,the EB content in brain tissues,brain water content,and contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and HMGB1 were significantly increased,the expression of MMP-9 protein and mRNA was up-regulated,and the expression of ZO-1 protein and mRNA was down-regulated in SAE and SAE+H2 groups (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group Sham+H2 (P＞0.05).Compared with group SAE,the 14-day survival rate was significantly increased,the EB content in brain tissues,brain water content,and contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and HMGB1 were significantly decreased,the expression of MMP-9 protein and mRNA was down-regulated,and the expression of ZO-1 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group SAE+H2 (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which hydrogen attenuates the blood-brain barrier damage may be related to inhibiting MMP-9 expression and to reducing inflammatory responses in brain tissues of SAE mice.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of hydrogen on mitochondrial biosynthesis in the hippocampus of mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Method: Two hundred and twenty-four healthy clean-grade male C57BL/6J mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 4 groups (n=56 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group SH), sham operation plus hydrogen group (group SH+ H₂), group SAE, and SAE plus hydrogen group (group SAE+ H₂). The model of SAE was established by cecal ligation and puncture in anesthetized mice.Group SH+ H₂ and group SAE+ H₂ inhaled 2% hydrogen for 1 h starting from 1 and 6 h after operation, respectively.Twenty mice were selectde to record the postoperative 7-day survival rate.The remaining animals were sacrificed at 24 h after operation, and brain tissues were taken for examination of the pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region (with a light microscope) and for determination of neuronal apoptosis (by TUNEL), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (by fluorescence spectrophotometry) and ATP content (by a bioluminescence assay). The apoptosis rate was calculated.The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) in hippocampus was determined by Western blot at 6, 12 and 24 h after operation. Results: Compared with group SH, the postoperative 7-day survival rate was significantly decreased, the apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons was increased, the contents of MMP and ATP were decreased, and the expression of PGC-1α was up-regulated in SAE and SAE+ H₂groups (P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group SH+ H₂(P>0.05). Compared with group SAE, the postoperative 7-day survival rate was significantly increased, and the apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons was decreased, the contents of MMP and ATP were increased, and the expression of PGC-1α was up-regulated (P<0.05), and the pathological changes of hippocampal tissues were significantly attenuated in group SAE+ H₂. Conclusion The mechanism by which hydrogen mitigates SAE may be related to promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis in mice.

Objective To evaluate the effect of hydrogen on the mitochondrial function in brain tis-sues of mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE).Methods Two hundred and sixty-eight healthy male C57 mice,aged 6 weeks,weighing 20-25 g,were divided into 4 groups(n＝67 each)using a ran-dom number table method: sham operation group(group SH),sham operation plus hydrogen gas group(group SH+H2),group SAE,and SAE plus hydrogen gas group(group SAE+H2).Sepsis was produced by cecal ligation and puncture in anesthetized mice.The mice in group SH+H2 and group SAE+H2 inhaled 2％hydrogen gas for 1 h starting from 1 and 6 h after operation,respectively.The postoperative 7-day sur-vival rate was recorded.Brain tissues were obtained at 24 h after operation to count the normal neurons in hippocampal CA1 region.At 6,12 and 24 h after operation,hippocampal mitochondria were isolated for determination of mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)by fluorescence spectrophotometry and ATP con-tent by a bioluminescence assay.Y-maze(spontaneous alternation)test was performed at days 3,5 and 7 after operation.Results Compared with group SH,the 7-day survival rate was significantly decreased,the number of normal neurons in hippocampal CA1 region,MMP,mitochondrial ATP content and sponta-neous alternation percentage in Y-maze test were significantly decreased in group SAE and group SAE+H2(P＜0.05).Compared with group SAE,the 7-day survival rate,the number of normal neurons in hipp-ocampal CA1 region,MMP,mitochondrial ATP content and spontaneous alternation percentage in Y-maze test were significantly increased in group SAE+H2(P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which hy-drogen reduces SAE is probably associated with improving mitochondrial function in brain tissues of mice.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of hydrogen on the mitochondrial function in brain tissues of mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Methods: Two hundred and sixty-eight healthy male C57 mice, aged 6 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 4 groups (n=67 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group SH), sham operation plus hydrogen gas group (group SH+ H₂), group SAE, and SAE plus hydrogen gas group (group SAE+ H₂). Sepsis was produced by cecal ligation and puncture in anesthetized mice.The mice in group SH+ H₂ and group SAE+ H₂ inhaled 2% hydrogen gas for 1 h starting from 1 and 6 h after operation, respectively.The postoperative 7-day survival rate was recorded.Brain tissues were obtained at 24 h after operation to count the normal neurons in hippocampal CA1 region.At 6, 12 and 24 h after operation, hippocampal mitochondria were isolated for determination of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by fluorescence spectrophotometry and ATP content by a bioluminescence assay.Y-maze (spontaneous alternation) test was performed at days 3, 5 and 7 after operation. Results: Compared with group SH, the 7-day survival rate was significantly decreased, the number of normal neurons in hippocampal CA1 region, MMP, mitochondrial ATP content and spontaneous alternation percentage in Y-maze test were significantly decreased in group SAE and group SAE+ H₂ (P<0.05). Compared with group SAE, the 7-day survival rate, the number of normal neurons in hippocampal CA1 region, MMP, mitochondrial ATP content and spontaneous alternation percentage in Y-maze test were significantly increased in group SAE+ H₂ (P<0.05). Conclusion The mechanism by which hydrogen reduces SAE is probably associated with improving mitochondrial function in brain tissues of mice.