Preoperative qualitative diagnoses of 118 eases of renal tumour.made by B-mode ultrasound were analyzed.The final diagnoses were proven operatively and pathologically.The resultsshowed that by B-mode altrasound the detective rate was 92.2%,a correct qualitative diagnosis rate 49.1%,incorrect rate 18.1%and false positive rate 1.7%.Qualitatively unidentified turnouts accounted for 32.8%of all the cases.It is assumed that B-mode ultrasound can be used to make correct qualitative diagnosis only on certain tumours with typical image features.It is difficult for it to distinguish some tumours which have complicated displays.The accuracy of preoperative qualitative diagnosis could be raised by combining B-mode uhradound with other imaging technologicol examinations.

Objective To detect the endothelial dependent vasodilation function of brachial artery in renal allograft recipients. Methods Using high resolution ultrasound, the inner diameter and changes of diameter of brachial artery at rest, after reactive hyperemia and sublingual nitroglycerin were measured in 20 cyclosporine treated allograft recipients, 20 FK 506 treated allograft recipients and 20 controls, reactive hyperemia mediated vasodilation was measured to assess endothelial dependent vasodilation, nitroglycerin mediated vasodilation was measured to assess endothelial independent vasodilation, in order know if the endothelial function was injuried by comparing the endothelial dependent and endothelial independent vasodilation. Results After reactive hyperemia, the absolute and relative values(reactive increase) in brachial artery inner diameter were significantly reduced in renal allograft recipients, nitroglycerin mediated vasodilation was similar between renal allograft recipients and controls. There was no significant difference of the inner diameter of brachial artery in renal allograft recipients treated with cyclosporine and FK 506 after reactive hyperemia. Conclusions The endothelial dependent vasodilation function of brachial artery was injuried in renal allograft recipients.

Objective To investigate maternal risk factors for fetal congenital heart diseases (CHD). Methods A case-control study was conducted on 16 645 pregnant women who underwent cardiovascular malformation screening for fetal cardiovascular system,whose pregnancy outcomes were recorded,and whose newborns were scanned by an echocardiography in Peking University People's Hospital,Haidian,Changping,Mentougou and Daxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from Nov.2006 to Oct.2009.One hundred and twelve pregnant women whose babies were found to be CHD (40 severe CHD and 72 simple CHD) before or after delivery were taken as study group.Women in control group (n =304) were randomly selected from those pregnant women who had infants without CHD.Logistic regression analysis and x2 test were used to analyze the maternal risk factors for fetal CHD. Results (1) The average age of women whose infants had severe CHD was 28.3 years (21-40 years),and it was 29.9 years (22-39 years) for women whose infants had simple CHD.There were no significant differences between the control group (29.5 years,20-44 years) and the above two groups (t=1.511 and -0.826,P=0.138 and 0.410 respectively).(2) Single factor analysis:during first trimester,the rate of upper respiratory infection (18/39,46.2 ％) and exposure to certain chemicals (13/40,32.5％) of severe CHD group were higher than those of control group [(14.9％ (45/303) and 2.0％ (6/304)] (x2 =22.399 and 62.678,OR=4.895 and 23.753,95％CI:2.419-9.905 and 8.358-67.506,P =0.000 respectively).Compared with control group (0.0％,0/304),the rate of pregnant women with CHD family history in simple CHD group was significantly higher (4.2％,3/72)(Fisher exact test,P=0.007).(3) Logistic regression analysis:maternal upper respiratory infections (OR =5.120,95％CI:2.340-11.206,P =0.000) and exposure to certain chemicals (f)R=23.030,95％CI:7.506-70.665,P=0.000) during first trimester were risk factors for fetal severe CHD. Conclusions Upper respiratory infection and exposure to certain chemicals during first trimester might play important roles in the occurrence of fetal severe CHD.Maternal family history of CHD might associate with fetal simple CHD.