The paper presents a flexible and simple direct analysis in real-time ( DART) device without grid electrode for mass spectrometer injection. It contained inert carrier gas, ionizer, heater and temperature-controller etc. Excluding the grid electrode and then reducing the structure units, the device could be easy to build up in low cost and flexible to connect with a variety of mass spectrometers. The experimental conditions like the kind of carrier gas, flow rate and temperature were investigated for the device. By using argon as carrier gas, flow rate as 7. 5 L/min, and temperature of heat tape as 300 ℃, the device was used to analyze benzene alcohol, linoleic acid, dichlorvos emulsion, mosquito coils, citrus peel, and sample ( propranolol hydrochloride) on thin-layer plate combined with mass spectrometer. The results were accurate and the device was stable and reliable.

Objective Traumatic hemorrhagic shock ( THS) is frequently complicated by liver injury , and IL-1βis one of the important inflammatory factors involved in this process .We ob-served changes of liver injury-related indexes in the rat model of THS and investigated the effects of AS-1, the mimic of the TIR/BB loop of Myd88, an important molecule of the IL-1βsignal pathway, on liver injury triggered by ischemia/reperfusion following THS and resuscita-tion ( THSR) in rats. Methods Thirty-two healthy male SD rats
were randomly divided into groups A (THSR), B ( THSR+AS-1), C (THSR+dissolution medium), and D (control).For those of the first three groups , fracture was induced in the left tibia , the mean arterial pressure reduced to 30 mmHg by bloodletting from the femoral artery and maintained at 30-40 mmHg for an hour , and then the rats resuscitated by infusion of blood and Ringer′s solution in proportion at a uniform speed in 30 min.Before resuscitation, the rats in group B were treated with AS-1 (160 mg/kg), group C with dissolution medium, and group D left untreated .At 3 hours after resuscitation in groups A , B and C, and at 3 hours after 2.5h-our in-tubation in group D , we detected the activity of ALT , the levels of AST , IL-1βand TNF-α, and the activity of MPO in the left liver , and observed pathological changes in the liver by light microscopy . Results Compared with group D, groups A, B and C showed ev-ident liver injury and significant increases in the activity of ALT (87.55 ±6.8 vs 206.13 ±23.67, 110.45 ±18.20 and 210.73 ± 28.43), AST (327.03 ±36.23 vs 621.00 ±40.61, 409.13 ±63.53 and 600.25 ±44.05), the levels of IL-1β(327.03 ±36.23 vs 621.00 ±40.61, 409.13 ±63.53 and 600.25 ±44.05) and TNF-α(93.51 ±9.86 vs 214.13 ±21.24, 145.25 ±12.42 and 206.50 ± 36.97), and the activity of MPO (0.90 ±0.21 vs 1.72 ±0.12, 1.20 ±0.11 and 1.67 ±0.14) (all P<0.05).The above indexes were remarkably lower in group B than in A and C, (all P<0.05), but with no significant differences between the latter two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion TIR/BB-loop mimetic AS-1 can attenuate ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury after THSR in rats by decrea -sing the levels of IL1-βand TNF-αin the serum.

Objective To investigate the effects of necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) on the liver of rats with trauma induced hemorrhagic shock.Methods Trauma induced hemorrhagic shock model was produced by adopting the left femur,tibia fracture and soft tissue injury,bleeding and reperfusion in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.A total of 22 rats were divided into model group and Nec-1 group with 11 rats in each group by randomized digital number method and the 72-hour mortality was observed.In addition,72 rats were randomly divided into sham group,model group,Nec-1 group with 24 rats in each group.Rats in sham group were only received anesthesia,separating and ligating blood vessels,without trauma induced hemorrhagic and reperfusion,and the rats in Nec-1 group were received 1 mg/kg Nec-1 through femoral vein 5 minutes before reperfusion,while the rats in model group were received the same amount of solvent.The serum and liver tissues of each group were collected at 2,4,8 hours after reperfusion.Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer.The pathology changes in liver were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.The mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-oα (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the liver were detcrmined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The protein expressions of receptor interaction of protease 1/3 (RIP1/RIP3) were also assessed by Western Blot analysis.Results Compared with model group,Nec-1 significantly reduced the 72-hour mortality [18.18％ (2/11) vs.63.64％ (7/11),P=0.040].Two hours after trauma induced hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion,the expressions of ALT and AST in model group were significantly increased compared with those in sham group [ALT (U/L):110.21 ±22.32 vs.80.98 ± 19.94,AST (U/L):364.29 ±64.83 vs.279.76 ±70.64,both P＜0.05],and reached the peak at 8 hours [ALT (U/L):387.41 ± 47.11 vs.82.76 ± 22.44,AST (U/L):973.35 ± 77.51 vs.261.49 ±52.03,both P＜0.01].Levels of serum ALT and AST in Nec-1 group were significantly decreased compared with model group [ALT (U/L) 4 hours:144.64± 33.79 vs.213.96± 36.21,8 hours:159.48 ± 43.57 vs.387.41 ± 47.11; AST (U/L) 4 hours:398.78 ± 59.48 vs.630.61 ± 59.93,8 hours:427.38 ± 80.75 vs.973.35 ± 77.51,all P＜0.01].Under light microscopy,it was noted that the hepatic sinus expansion,liver cells degeneration,necrosis,as well as infiltration of abundant inflammatory cells were observed.But the pathology changes in hepatic tissues were significantly mitigated in Nec-1 group.Along with the time extension,the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β and the protein expressions of RIP1 and RIP3 were markedly up-regulated.Compared with model group,difference in the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β in hepatic tissues in Nec-1 group were statistically significant,and the most obvious difference was at 8 hours [TNF-α mRNA:1.457 ± 0.081 vs.2.317 ± 0.062,IL-1β mRNA:0.690 ± 0.087 vs.1.812 ± 0.112,both P＜0.01].But there was no statistically significant difference in RIP1 and RIP3 between Nec-1 group and model group [RIP1 protein 8 hours:0.561 ± 0.033 vs.0.587 ± 0.036,RIP3 protein 8 hours:0.976 ± 0.040 vs.1.044 ± 0.115,both P＞0.05].Conclusion Nec-1 may be remarkable protect effect on the liver of rats with trauma induced hemorrhage shock and reperfusion,and the intrinsic mechanisms need further investigation.

Objective To explore the value of bone marrow biopsy ( BMB) in early diagnosis of aggressive NK cell leukaemia( ANKL). Methods The clinical data of ten cases with ANKL were retrospectively analyzed,morphology, immunophenotype and hybridization in situ of bone marrow were analyzed. Results In all cases, BMB showed hypercellular, with 4 cases markedly hypercellular. Atypical neoplastic cells demonstrated focal and fascicle growth pattern and were composed of median-sized cells with a few cytoplasm, slightly irregular nuclei, fine chromatin, indistinct nucleoli and some mitotic counting. Characteristic histocytes with haemophagocytosis were observed in the bone marrow slides. The neoplastic cells were positive for CD2、CD3e、CD7、CD56、TIA-1. EBER was found positive in all cases. Conclusion Bone marrow biopsy and immunochemistry were essential and reliable diagnostic tool in early diagnosis of ANKL.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of necrostatin-1 (Hec-1) on the level of HMGB-1 protein in liver of rats with hemorrhagic-traumatic shock.Methods A number of 96 male SD rats were divided into sham-operated group,dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group and Nec-1 group (n=32in each) by randomized number method.Rat model of hemorrhagic-traumatic shock was made by fracture of femoral bone and tibia bone and exsanguination from femoral vein until 30 mmHg and maintained at 30-40 mmHg for 90 min,then the shed blood was transfused back with Ringer's solution.The rats in shamoperated group were only under anesthesia for separating and ligating blood vessels,without exsanguination to induce hemorrhagic shock and without replenishment with blood.Rats in Nec-1 group were given 1 mg/kg Nec-1 through femoral vein 5 min before replenishment with blood and Ringer' s solution,while the rats in DMSO group were given equal volume of DMSO solution instead.Eight rats in each group were sacrificed separately at 2 h,8 h,16 h and 24 h after replenishment.The serum and liver tissues of rats in each group were collected to detect serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST),and to observe the pathological changes in liver with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.The level of HMGB-1 in serum was detected by using ELISA.The cytoplasm protein and total protein expressions of HMGB-1 were assessed by using western blot analysis.Results Compared with DMSO group,levels of serum ALT at 8 h (P ＜0.05),16 h (P ＜ 0.01) and 24 h (P ＜ 0.01) in Nec-1 group were significantly lower.Level of serum AST in Nec-1 group were lower compared with DMSO group at 8 h (P ＜ 0.01),16 h (P ＜ 0.01) and 24 h (P ＜0.01).Compared with DMSO group,levels of serum HMGB-1 at 8 h (P ＜ 0.05),16 h (P ＜0.01) and 24 h (P ＜ 0.01) in Nec-1 group were significantly lower.Under light microscopy and transmission electron microscope,hepatic lobule destroyed,the blood extravasated,the immunocyte infiltrated and cellular organelle destroyed were found.Compared with DMSO group,the level of HMGB-1 protein in cytoplasm protein in Nec-1 group were significantly decreased at 8 h (P ＜ 0.01),16 h (P ＜0.01) and 24 h (P ＜0.01).The level of HMGB-1 protein in total protein in Nec-1 group were significantly decreased 8 h (P ＜ 0.05) and 24 h (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Nec-1 can remarkably protect the liver of rats with hemorrhagic-traumatic shock,decrease the level of HMGB-1,and protect the hepatocyte effectively.

An atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) method was developed for the direct analysis of triglycerides in edible oils.The edible oil sample was dissolved in acetonitrile.Under the optimal conditions such as positive ion detection,800 μL/h of sample flow rate,250℃ of vaporizer temperature and 5000 nA of corona needle current,the repeatability (RSD) of peak intensity rate of m/z 857.76 to m/z 881.76 was less than 5％.Then,different kinds of oil from different manufacturers were analyzed by the proposed method.After a principal component analysis for the analytical results,the peak intensity rate of m/z 857.76 and m/z 881.76 was selected for oil identification.The adulteration of 5％ lard in corn oil could be recognized directly using the peak intensity rate.Three characteristic triglycerides in edible oil were preliminarily identified by collision induced dissociation (CID) experiments.The method was applied to analyze the swill oil and fried oil samples,and the results showed that the swill oil contained both vegetable oil and animal fat,and the fried oil was also different with commercial vegetable oil.

Many species of the genus Asarum plants are used as Chinese traditional or folk medicines, in Chinese which are known as "Xixin" (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) , "Bei-Xixin" , "Hua-Xixin" and "Nan-Xixin" , etc. In order to get a clear picture of resources distribution and varieties on Chinese markets of the crude drug Xixin and provide scientific basis for their resource conservation and sustainable use, during recent years we conducted field investigations and market researches many times. The results showed that the resources of both official Xixins and non-official Xixins were decreased because of the ecological environment damage and over-digging, especially species whose population size was small. Bei-Xixin derived from A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum was the most species on the Chinese markets except for a few areas of China. Hua-Xixin derived from A. sieboldii and non-official Xixins were mainly used in their producing areas. Cultivation of Hua-Xixin should be greatly developed, and wild resources of non-official species must be preserved strictly.
China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Data Collection ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; classification ; standards ; supply & distribution ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of the method of soothing the liver and regulating qi on expression of gastrin and somatostatin in hypothalamus and gastric antrum of functional dyspepsia model rats.

METHODThe 32 rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Chaihu Shugansan group and domperidone group (n = 8). The functional dyspepsia model was established by constantly squeezing their tails and mean while saline, Chaihu Shugansan decoction and domperidone suspension were administered respectively to 4 groups by gavage. The expression of gastrin and somatostatin in hypothalamus and gastric antrum of rats by immunohistochemical were detected 3 weeks later.

RESULTThe expression of GAS in the hypothalamus and gastric antrum of model group were less than those of normal group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while the expression of SS in the hypothalamus and gastric antrum in Model group were significantly increased than those of normal group (P < 0.01). The expression of GAS and SS in gastric antrum of Chaihu Shugansan group and domperidone group were increased and decreased respectively, and the differences were significant (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There were no obvious difference about expression of GAS, SS in the hypothalamus between domperidone group and model group. GAS expression in hypothalamus of Chaihu Shugansan group were increased than those of normal group but there was no obvious difference in SS expression in hypothalamus between Chaihu Shugansan group and model group.

CONCLUSIONThe method of soothing the liver and regulating qi can increase GAS expression in central and peripheral and decrease SS expression in peripheral gastric antrum, which may be one of its therapeutic mechanisms on functional dyspepsia.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Dyspepsia ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gastrins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Pyloric Antrum ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Qi ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Somatostatin ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the association of proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)use with short-term and long-term mortality risk in patients with severe ischemic stroke.Methods This retrospective study based on the U.S.Medical Information Mark for Intensive Care Ⅲ(MIMIC-Ⅲ)database,ICU patients aged ≥18 years with the first ICU admission and a diagnosis of ischemic stroke were finally included in the study.All enrolled subjects were divided into PPIs group and non-PPIs group according to whether they had used PPIs(pantoprazole,lansoprazole and omeprazole)during hospitalization.Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Cox regression models were used to analyze the association between the use of PPIs and the risk of ICU death,30 d risk of death,90 d risk of death in patients with severe ischemic stroke.Results A total of 1 015 patients were included,402 cases in the PPIs group and 613 in the non-PPIs group.The ICU-mortality,30 d and 90 d mortality were 15.37％,13.60％and 20.10％,respectively.Kaplan-Meier survival analyses illustrated that the PPIs group survived better than non-PPIs group in ICU mortality analysis(P=0.002).In Cox regression analysis,after adjustment for potential confounders,the hazard ratio(HR)for ICU mortality in the PPIs group relative to the non-PPIs group was 0.671 9(95％CI 0.478 8 to 0.942 8,P=0.021),but there was no significant difference between 30 d and 90 d mortality(P＞0.05).Conclusion In patients with severe ischemic stroke,the use of PPIs may be effective in reducing the risk of ICU death,but does not improve 30 d and 90 d risk of death in patients.

Blast injury of the chest injury is the most common wound in modern war trauma and terrorist attacks, and is also the most fatal type of whole body explosion injury. Most patients with severe blast injury of the chest die in the early stage before hospitalization or during transportation, so first aid is critically important. At present, there exist widespread problems such as non-standard treatment and large difference in curative effect, while there lacks clinical treatment standards for blast injury of the chest. According to the principles of scientificity, practicality and advancement, the Trauma Society of Chinese Medical Association has formulated the guidance of classification, pre-hospital first aid, in-hospital treatment and major injury management strategies for blast injury of the chest, aiming to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.