Objective:To learn the prevalence and correlated factors of hyperuricemia in the middle-and-old aged inhabitants of Nanjing. Methods:5 423 inhabitants in the districts of Nanjing were selected by random cluster sampling. The levels of uric acid, creatine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose in the serum were measured,and the diet was also investigated. Results:The prevalence of hyperuricemia in the middle-and-old aged inhabitants was 15.0%, with 20.1% for males and 10.6% for females. The prevalence for males and females increased after 50 years old, and maintained at a high level afterwards. The concentration of uric acid, creatine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, the blood pressure and BMI in the inhabitants with hyperuricemia were higher than those in the inhabitants without hyperuricemia. The risk factors for hyperuricemia included higher BMI and hypertension, while the protective factor was favorite for hot-food. Conclusion:For the inhabitants over 45 years old in Nanjing, hyperuricemia was common among the adults over 50 years old. Higher BMI and hypertension were the risk factors, while favorite for hot food was the protective factor.