Humans ; Tuberculosis, Hepatic

[Summary] Glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ) as a new treatment of type 2 diabetes, not only has hypoglycemic effect, but also plays an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. GLP-1 plays a unique role in regulating lipid metabolism via lipid absorption and transport, fat formation and decomposition, hepatic lipid metabolism, and cholesterol transport.

The status of breastfeeding and in-hospital health education during pregnancy was surveyed in 32 maternity and children health care hospitals at provincial and municipal levels.A total of 1105 cases were assigned into hospital health education (A,n =872) and control (B,n =233) groups according to whether the women received the hospital health education of breastfeeding during pregnancy.Their differences in breastfeeding knowledge,attitudes and early feeding behavior were compared and analyzed by x2 test and binary logistic regression.Mothers in the group A were at higher levels of breastfeeding knowledge and had a higher proportion of breastfeeding at Day 1 (82.3％).The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in-hospital was significantly higher in group A than that in group B (51.1％ vs.32.3％).After adjusting for in-hospital health education,health education during pregnancy had significant effects on breastfeeding in the first days for group A:breastfeeding in the first 24 hour (OR =2.076,95％CI:1.474-2.924) and exclusive in-hospital breastfeeding (OR =2.105,95％ CI:1.529-2.898).

The research was carried out to establish HPLC fingerprints of Tibetan medicinal herb "Songdi" (Saxifraga umbellulata var. pectinata), and to provide reference for identification an quality control of it. It was performed on an Amethyst-C18-P (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column with the mobile phase of methanol-0.4% formic acid in a linear gradient mode at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The column temperature was 30 degrees C, and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The software for chromatographic fingerprint was applied to analyse the pattern analysis, the common peaks and similarity. Cluster analysis was done based on the common peaks data of 33 samples from different plant species and sources by SPSS software. Ten common chromatographic peaks were identified by fingerprint, showing a low similarity in constituent and variety. Flavonoids and saponins were the principal components. The number and area of peaks were affected by the collection sources and method. The high similarity are showed by the samples derived from the same area with high accuracy and high purity. The method is so simple, exclusive, stable and high repeatable that it can provide reference for identification and quality assessment of "Songdi" (S. umbellulata var. pectinata).
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Quality Control ; Saxifragaceae ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the drug induced liver injure(DILI)associated with Chinese herbal medicine and herbal related food supplements.Methods From 1982 to 2005.8.9 consecutive pa- tients were diagnosed as DILI based on their medication history,clinical manifestation,liver function and other laboratory tests.The final retrospection confirmatory diagnosis was made according to the interna- tional scoring system for DILI.Results The 82 DILI patients(28 men,54 females,age ranging from 16 to 81 years old)accounted for 2.2% of hospitalized patients with liver dysfunction.Among those patients with DILI,30.5% was caused by weight reducing drugs or food supplements,12.2% by drugs of derma tology,8.5% by drugs for cardiovascular disease,8.5% by drugs of rheumatology,7.3% by drugs of gynecology,6.1% by drugs for liver disease,6.1% by blood-lipids modulators,3.7% by drugs for thy- roid disease,3.7% by drugs for hyperplasia of mammary glands and 13.4 % by the others.The duration of medication was from 6 clays to 6 months and the incubation period was from 6 days to 3 months.DILI could be classified as acute hepatocellular injury(36.59%),acute cholestasis(39.02%)and mixtures (24.39%).About 10% patients were accompanied by allergic manifestations.All patients recovered rap- idly after stopping the relevant medicine.Conclusion Chinese herbal medicine and herbal related food supplements are a common cause of DILI in China.The awareness and monitoring improving DILI during herbs treatment is a critical issue in daily practice.

In order to solve the difficucties of renaturation and immunogenicity of new bifunctional fusion protein GAD,inclusion bodies of GAD were modified by PEG-maleimide.Conformational changes of the modified GAD were compared by circular dichroism and tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy.The biological activity was verified by oral glucose tolerance test and lipid scavenging.The results showed that PEG-maleimide completed the specific-point modification of GAD,and improved its refolding efficiency.The secondary and tertiary structures of mPEGylated GAD were consistent with that of GAD.PEG-GAD has significant hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects (P ＜0.001) with longer half life in vivo and lower immunogenicity (P ＜0.01).This study provides effective strategies for the development of strongly hydrophobic peptide drugs.

The article gives a brief analysis of student characteristics of medical independent college and the aim and purpose of medical education to propose the corresponding measures to improve the students work of independent college.

Objective To discover the reciprocal regulation and its molecular mechanism of estro-gen, IL-6 and IL-8 in ovarian cancer cells. Methods Based on our previous studies, the effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) on the expression levels of IL-6, IL-8 and their respective receptors was investigated. Mean-while, the effect of IL-6/IL-8 on estrogen receptor (ER) expression and estrogen-dependent transcriptional activation was analyzed. Gene expression profile analysis revealed that CAOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells, which express ER, IL-6 and IL-8 receptors, were suitable models for this study. Results We found that E2 not only enhanced IL-6/IL-8 secretion via NF-κB signaling pathway, but also modulated IL-6 and IL-8 receptors expression. Tamoxifen (Txf), an ER antagonist, completely abolished E2-stimulated IL-6/IL-8 expression. On the other hand, in the absence of estrogen, both cytokines increased ERα expression, decreased ERβ ex-pression, and activated estrogen-dependent transcriptional activation, which was completely blocked by Txf. Pretreatment of OVCAR-3 with p38 MAPK, MEK1/2 or ErbB2 MAPK inhihitors, respectively, IL-6-media-ted ER activation was blocked, while IL-8-indueed ER activation was blocked by Src inhibitor. Conclusion These data suggest that estrogen, IL-6 and IL-8 may form a mutual amplifying signaling which contributes to the growth and development of ovarian carcinoma.

AIM: To investigate the effect of soybean isoflavones (SI) on ventricular remodeling induced by myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in male Sprague-Dawley (SD)rats. Rats were randomly divided into six groups: shamThree hours after the operation, the drugs or solvent were administrated ig qd for 35 d. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, heart rate (HR), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), peak systolic left ventricular pressure (Peak), maximal rate of left ventricular pressure rising (+dp/dtmax), maximal rate of left ventricular pressure declining (-dp/dtmax) and myocardial maximal shortening velocity (Vmax) were measured. After above hemodynamic parameters were measured, hearts were extracted. The ratio of total ventricle weight to body weight(TVW/BW) was calculated. Myocardial collagen was shown with the collagen-specific picrosirius red stain,myocardial interstitial collagen volume fraction(ICVF), perivascular collagen volume fraction(PCVF), infarct size,septal thickness (ST) and left ventricular diameter (LVD) were measured by image analysis system. RESULTS:(31 ± 5) %, respectively, all of which were significantly smaller than that in MI group (( 38.9 ± 2.9) %, P ＜ 0.01 ).In MI group, TVW/BW, LVD, ICVF and PCVF were remarkably increased compared with those in sham group (P ＜ 0.01 ). The increased TVW/BW, LVD, ICVF and PCVF were significantly reduced by treatment with eaprats in MI group was significantly decreased than that in sham group (P ＜ 0.01 ). The reduced ST could be in-dp/dtmax and Vmax were decreased (P ＜ 0.01 ), while LVEDP was increased (P ＜ 0.01 ), significantly. The reSION: SI can improve cardiac function and ventricular remodeling induced by myocardial infarction in the rat.

ObjectiveTo investigate the imaging features of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) graft insufficiency.Methods X-Ray and MR imaging examinations in 24 consecutive patients who had ACL reconstructive graft insufficiency were retrospectively evaluated for tunnel position,osteoarthrosis and its related complications.Follow-up arthroscopy showed 16 graft tears and 8 graft laxities.Fisher exact test was used to compare tunnel malpositions,the proportion of graft tear on MRI and osteoarthrosis between graft tear group and graft laxity group.ResultsTwo malpositions of tibial tunnel and 3 malpositions of femoral tunnel were seen in graft tear group.Three-malpositions of tibial tunnel and 4 malpositions of femoral tunnel were seen in graft laxity group.The proportion of tibial or femoral malposition showed no significant difference between the two groups(P =0.289,P =0.167).In graft tear group,15 complete graft tears were diagnosed correctly,1 partial tear was misdiagnosed as normal on MRI.In graft laxity group,4 grafts were diagnosed as normal and 4 were considered as graft tear on MRI.A significant difference was seen between the two groups (P = 0.028) in the proportion of graft tear diagnosed on MRI.Fourteen osteoarthrosis were seen in graft tear group and 5 in graft laxity group.No significant difference was seen between the two groups ( P =0.289) in the proportion of esteoarthrosis.Conclusion The proportions of tunnel malposition and osteoarthrosis showed no significant difference between the graft tear group and graft laxity group.Most graft tears can be diagnosed accurately on MRI,but some cases of graft laxity may be misdiagnosed for graft tear.