Objective To measure and analyze the radioactivity level of 210Pb in outdoor air in Beijing in spring.Methods Portable high flow air samplers were used to collect outdoor air at the ground level to analyze the 210Pb radioactivity in the aerosol filter samples using a laboratory-based high purity germanium (HPGe) γ spectrometer.Results The activity concentration of 210Pb outdoors ranged from 267.2 to 1 697.6 μBq/m3,with an average of (878.7 ± 386.7) μBq/m3.Statistical analysis showed that the activity concentrations 210Pb of outdoors varied with variable air quality.Conclusions The activity concentrations of 210Pb outdoors are detectable in Beijing,varying considerably but within the normal range.

Objective To compare the effect of one-site and two-site incision in glaucoma with cataract combined surgery.Methods Forty-two cases (58 eyes) of patients of glaucoma with cataract combined surgery were selected.One-site incision were 22 cases with 30 eyes (one-site incision group),and two-site incision were 20 cases with 28 eyes (two-site incision group).The postoperative intraocular pressure,ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM),filtering bleb and complications were compared in two groups.Results The postoperative visual acuity and intraocular pressure in two groups were better than preoperative [one-site incision group:0.82±0.11 vs.0.18±0.09,(17.32±4.52) mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) vs.(31.98± 5.18) mm Hg,two-site incision group:0.79 ±0.20 vs.0.20 ±0.03,(16.98 ±4.65) mm Hg vs.(33.16 ±4.61) mm Hg],there were statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference between two groups on postoperative (P＞ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in visibility of filtering routes under the scleral flap and reflectivity inside the blebs in two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Ohe-site and two-site incision in glaucoma with cataract combined surgery has good intraoeular pressure control,can maintain a good filtering bleb function at the same time.The effects are similar between the two operative methods.

Objective To explore the incidence rate and related factors of high intraocular pressure after vitro-retinal surgery for patients with diabetic retinopathy(DRP). Methods The 986 patients(1 326 eyes) with DRP arranged vitro-retinal surgery were studied. The inci-dence rate of intraocular pressure was analyzed between different types,grades,complicated with macular detachment,filled with silicone oil/C3F8,total/supplementary retina photo-coagulation and crystalline lens excision. Results The incidence rate of high intraocular pressure was 27. 8%(368/1 326). The incidence rate of high intraocular pressure of proliferative DRP (34. 0%) was obviously higher than non-pro-liferative DRP (17. 2%)(χ2 =30. 648,P=0. 000),and higher in DRP D grade than B grade(34. 1%,20. 8%)(χ2=8. 834,P=0. 003). The incidence rate of high intraocular pressure of proliferative DRP (34. 0%) was obviously higher in patients complicated with macular de-tachment(30. 4%,22. 7%)(χ2 =8. 834,P=0. 0030). The incidence rate of patients filled with silicone oil/C3F8(39. 1%,24. 0%) (χ2 =28. 088,P=0. 000),total/supplementary retina photo-coagulation(32. 8%,16. 8%) (χ2 =21. 159,P=0. 000),with/without crystal-line lens excision (40. 5%,25. 9%)(χ2=15. 532,P=0. 0001)was different obviously. Conclusion There is a high incidence rate and re-lated factors of high intraocular pressure after vitro-retinal surgery for patients with diabetic retinopathy,and it is related to different DRP types,grades,complicated with macular detachment,filled with silicone oil/C3F8,total/supplementary retina photo-coagulation,crystalline lens excision.

Objective Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were transfected by Smad7 and labeled with green fluores-cent mark.BMMSCs were implanted into rabbit glaucoma operational model and observed surviving condition.Methods Through BP and LR reaction,Smad7 with green fluorescent mark was inserted into human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by bacterio-phage,filtered positive colony and picked out cell line.15 New Zealand white rabbits were enforced trabeculectomy with BMMSC, then following up cell survival condition.Results Smad7 expressed stable in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with sat-isfactory green fluorescent mark.BMMSC survived in rabbit trabecula with stable green fluorescent and effective ocular press.Con-clusion Smad7 with green fluorescent mark could be inserted into human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells stably,and has ef-fective results in rabbit model.

Objective To compare the cosmic radiation doses to air crew (including pilots and flight attendants) between polar route and non-polar route flights. Methods A typical polar flight route (Beijing-New York) was selected and compared with non-polar route, non-polar route was selected as control group. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter and CR-39 solid track detector were used to measure the cosmic radiation dose to air crew. Results The annual mean effective dose to air crew from polar route and non-polar route was (5.79 ± 0.92)mSv/a and (2.14 ± 0.64)mSv/a, respectively.The 1000 h effective dose to air crew was (3.10 ± 0.27)mSv/kh and (2.21 ± 0.46)mSv/kh,respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups in either annual mean effective dose (t=30.25, P＜0.05) or 1000 h effective dose (t =7.60, P＜0.05). The doses of pilot groups were higher than that of flight attendants for either polar route ( t = 7.96, P ＜0.05) or non-polar route (t=4.70, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions The effective dose to air crew from galactic cosmic radiation during polar route fight might be higher than that of non-polar route fight, however, it did not exceed 20 mSv/year,which is the limit of national standard.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of Tongfu Mixture (TM) for post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP).

METHODSTotally 54 PEP patients were randomly assigned to the control group (treated by routine therapy, 26 cases) and the TM treatment group (treated by TM, 28 cases). Clinical indices including the alleviation time of abdominal pain/distention, gastrointestinal function recovery time, and the post-surgical length of stay were observed. Blood amylase (AMY), C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma endotoxin (PLS), TNF-alpha, and IL-6 were detected before surgery, 12 h, 48 h, and 96 h after surgery.

RESULTSThe alleviation time of abdominal pain/distention, the gastrointestinal function recovery time, and the post-surgical length of stay were obviously shorter in the TM treatment group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The recovery of AMY and CRP were better in the TM treatment group than in the control group at post-operative 48 h and 96 h (P < 0.05). The levels of LPS, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 were lower in the TM group than in the control group at post-operative 96 h (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTM showed better clinical efficacy and could significantly decrease the post-surgical length of stay. post-ERCP pancreatitis; integrative medicine; Tongfu Mixture

Adult ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; adverse effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatitis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Phytotherapy

OBJECTIVETo establish orthotopically transplanted model of human malignant small intestinal lymphoma in nude mice and analyze their biologic characteristics.

METHODSSmall intestinal lymphoma tissues from 5 patients were transplanted into intestinal mucosa of nude mice. Tumorgenecity, invasion and metastasis of the transplanted tumors were observed by morphological analyses (light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry), karyotyping and DNA quantitative assay.

RESULTSTumor tissues from 3 lymphoma patients were successfully transplanted. According to the World Health Organization classification, the three models were classified into non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B cell) of human small intestine (HSIL-1), high metastasis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B cell) of human small intestine (HSIL-2) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (T cell) of human small intestine (HSIL-3), respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed that CD19, CD20, CD22, CD40, CD45 and CD72 were positive in HSIL-1 and HSIL-2, whereas CD3, CD7 and CD45RO were positive in HSIL-3. The karyotypes of the transplanted tumors were all hypotriploid with modal numbers from 55 to 69 and the DNA index (DI) was 1.46 approximately 1.71. The three models had been passaged for 32, 27 and 21 generations respectively in 433 nude mice. The growth rate, resuscitation rate of the liquid nitrogen preserved tumor cells and spontaneous metastasis rate upon transplantation were all 100%. We observed an invasive growth of the transplanted tumors in small intestine, which resulted in disrupting of the intestinal wall, hematogenous metastasis, lymph node metastasis and seeding metastasis. The features of the transplanted tumors were similar to the original tumors in histopathology, ultrastructure, DNA content and karyotype.

CONCLUSIONThree strains of orthotopically transplanted model of human primary malignant small intestinal lymphoma in nude mice were successfully developed. The result of research will provide ideal animal models for further studies on mechanism of tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis of malignant small intestinal lymphoma and experimental therapy.

Adult ; Aneuploidy ; Animals ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology ; Intestine, Small ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; secondary ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; immunology ; pathology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Splenic Neoplasms ; secondary

The function of immune system degenerates in an aging-dependent manner and this results in immunosenescence. Human immune system includes two parts: genetic/innate immunity and adaptive immunity. The former is involved in monocytes, nature killer cells, and dendritic cells, the later is involved in acquired B and T lymphocytes. During the aging of immunity system, the both parts of immunity are damaged to some degree. Generally, innate immunity seems well-retained and the acquired immunity is degenerative seriously with aging. Immunocyte senescence is closely related to the elderly decreased ability to control infectious disease, cancer and to their generally poor response to vaccination. This review summarized the research progress on immunosenescence characteristics in aged phase.
Age Factors ; Aging ; immunology ; Antibody Formation ; immunology ; Cellular Senescence ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation

OBJECTIVETo provide an useful animal model for exploring metastatic biology and anti-metastatic therapy of primary malignant melanoma of the small intestine.

METHODSA 49-year old male patient with malignant melanoma was treated by surgery, and the primary tumor in the small intestine and a metastatic tumor in the liver were removed. The diagnosis of malignant melanoma was confirmed by histopathology. Fresh melanoma tissue fragments taken from the primary intestinal tumor and hepatic metastatic tumor were orthotopically implanted into the mucosal layer of small intestine in nude mice, respectively. The tumor growth rate, invasion and metastasis of the transplanted tumors were observed. Light and electron microscopy, immunophenotype analysis, flow cytometry and karyotype analysis were carried out.

RESULTSFragments of the primary and liver metastatic malignant melanoma were successfully implanted in nude mice. After continuous passages in nude mice, an highly-metastatic model of human primary malignant melanoma of the small intestine (from the primary lesion) in nude mice (termed HSIM-0602) and a liver metastatic model of human primary malignant melanoma of the small intestine (originally from the liver metastatic lesion) in nude mice (termed HSIM-0603) were successfully established. Histological examination of the transplanted tumors revealed a high-grade melanoma of the small intestine. Immunohistochemical stainings of S-100 protein and HMB45 were positive. Many scattered melanosomes and melanin complex were seen in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Chromosomal modal number was between 55 and 59. DNA index (DI) was 1.59 - 1.71, representing a heteroploid. The HSIM-0602 and HSIM-0603 tumor models had been maintained for 21 and 23 passages in nude mice, respectively. 227 nude mice were used for transplantation. Both the growth rate after transplantation and resuscitation rate from liquid nitrogen cryopreservation were 100%. The HSIM-0602 model exhibited 84.8% lung metastasis, 65.7% liver metastasis and 63.8% lymph node metastasis. However, HSIM-0603 displayed 100% liver metastasis, 46.7% lung metastasis and 71.3% lymph node metastasis. The transplanted tumors actively and invasively grew in the small intestine of nude mice and showed hematogenous and lymphatic metastases.

CONCLUSIONTo our knowledge it is the first time that two strains of spontaneous highly-metastatic nude-mouse model of human primary malignant melanoma of the small intestine have been successfully established in our department. The models are very closely mimic the natural clinicopathologic course of primary small intestinal melanoma in humans and provide ideal animal models for the researches on metastasis biology and anti-metastatic experimental therapy of malignant melanoma of the small intestine.

Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Intestine, Small ; Jejunal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; secondary ; ultrastructure ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; secondary ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; secondary ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Melanoma ; genetics ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Melanoma-Specific Antigens ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Polyploidy ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo establish a nude mouse model of orthotopically transplanted human primary malignant lymphoma of the liver, and to serve researches on pathogenesis and experimental treatment of this disease.

METHODSSmall pieces of lymphoma tissues freshly taken from patients with primary lymphoma of the liver were orthotopically transplanted into the liver parenchyma in nude mice. Tumorgenicity, invasion, metastasis, and morphological characteristics were examined by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. AFP, HBsAg and LDH were assayed by serological test. Karyotype analysis and DNA content of orthotopically transplanted tumors were also performed.

RESULTSA nude mouse model of orthotopically transplanted human primary malignant lymphoma of the liver was successfully established and named HLBL-0102. The tumor was confirmed as primary lymphoma of the liver (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, B cell) by histopathology. Immunohistochemistry showed positive expression of CD19, CD20, CD45 and CD79a, but negative of CD3 and CD7. Serological test indicated that AFP was negative, HBsAg positive and the concentration of LDH was 1267.5 U/L. The number of chromosomes was between 55 and 59. DNA index (DI) was 1.57 approximately 1.61 (i.e. heteroploid). So far, the strain HLBL-0102 has grown for 3 years and been passaged for 37 generations in nude mice. Totally 283 nude mice were used for transplantation and the successful rate was 100%. Both the growth rate and resuscitation rate of liquid nitrogen cryo-preserved transplanted tumors were 100%. The transplanted tumors grew intensely and invasively in the liver of nude mice and damaged adjacent liver tissues, bile ducts and portal vein areas. No involvement of other tissues and organs and distal lymph nodes was observed.

CONCLUSIONTo our knowledge it is the first report of successfully established nude mouse model of orthotopically transplanted human primary malignant lymphoma of the liver. The HLBL-0102 model simulate very well the natural process of human primary lymphoma of the liver and provides an ideal animal model for researches on the biology and therapies of this malignancy.

Animals ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; immunology ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Transplantation