The role of serotonergic system in vasovagal syncope (VVS) has been more concerned.Serotonin is a kind of neurotransmitter which is widely distributed in central nervous system.There are kinds of serotonergic receptors on postsynaptic membrane,among which 5-HT1A receptors participate in the mechanism of central blood pressure depression and promote the release of hormones such as prolactin and adrenocorticotrophic hormone.Acute administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during head-up tilt test (HUT) blocks the reuptake of serotonin in the synapse space and thus increases stimulation of the serotonin receptors,which induces syncope episode.Long-term administration of SSRIs downregulates the postsynaptic serotonergic receptors,thus it weakens the reaction to the rapid change of serotonin concentration, which results in rapid depression of sympathic nerves and prevention of syncope episode.These demonstrate that central serotonergic system may participate in the pathogenesis of VVS and SSRIs are important for the diagnosis and treatment of VVS.

At present, oncology medical student in our country has many communication problems, such as communication awareness is not strong,the lack of communication,communication is not enough self-confidence and other issues.To improve the communication ability between doctors and patients for the oncology professional medical students:it is the necessary premise for correct implementation of diagnosis and treatment, an effective way to reduce medical disputes, adapt to the demand of the development of higher medical education.And pointed out the effective ways to improve the ability of doctor-patient communication:to set up the doctor-patient communi-cation and tumor department before the internship training course;establishlisten with your heart and professional guidancemode;with teacher actively guiding; learn to empathymode; adhere to the concept of taking pa-tients as the center.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology

Animals ; Body Water ; Brain ; anatomy & histology ; Male ; Organ Size ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Specific Gravity

Objective To investigate the resistance of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii against aminoglycosides and its resistance genes.Methods The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of seven antimicrobials (gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycine, netilmicin, neomycin, streptomycin and kanamycin) against 20 strains of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii were detected by agar dilution method. Meanwhile, two resistance genes of aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase were amplified by PCR and vertified by DNA sequencer.Results It was found that MIC50 and MIC90 of gentamicin, amikacin, streptomycin and kanamycin in 20 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were all above 1 024 mg/L, and their resistant rates were 95%, 95%, 100% and 90% respectively, while the resistant rates of tobramycin, netilmicin and neomycin were 85%, 90% and 40% respectively. Two aminoglycoside-modification genes ant(2″)-Ⅰ and ant(3″)-Ⅰ were detected in 20 strains, with 55% and 80% of positive rate respectively. The double positive rate of two resistance genes was 50%.Conclusion The resistance of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii against aminoglycosides was closely associated with ant(2″)-Ⅰ and ant(3″)-Ⅰ genes.

Objective To summarize and evaluate the technique and clinical outcome of limited tarsal sinus incision plus locking plate internal fixation for minimally invasive treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Methods Between February 2010 and February 2011,16 cases of intra-articular calcaneal fractures were treated in a minimally invasive manner in our department. All cases were evaluated carefully with routine X-rays and CT scans preoperatively to define the type of fracture and the involvement of articular surface.Open reduction and locking plate internal fixation with percutaneous screws were performed via a limited tarsal sinus approach 3 to 6 days after injury (average,4 days).Regular X-ray follow-ups were conducted to measure the Bohler's and Gissane angles.Overall functional evaluation was carried out according to Visual Analogue Scale (VAS),the Hind-foot Score by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36).Complications were recorded as well.Results The 13 cases were followed up for a mean duration of 18 months (from 12 to 24 months).There were no wound infection,skin and flap necrosis or implant failure.Bone union was achieved at an average of 10 weeks (from 8 to 12 weeks) post-operatively.The average Bohler's angle was improved significantly from 13.4° ± 3.4° (from 8° to 19°) pre-operatively to 26.5° ± 4.5° ( from 21° to 38°) post-operatively ( t =9.781,P ＜ 0.001 ).The average Gissane angle was improved significantly from 88.1° ± 7.6° (from 77° to 100°)pre-operatively to 116.2°±7.5° (from 100°to 124°) post-operatively (t =12.934,P ＜0.001).On average,the VAS score was 1.5 ± 1.7,the AOFAS score was 84.2 ± 5.9 and the SF-36 score was 79.5 ± 8.1 at the final follow-up.The follow-ups revealed no post-traumatic arthritis. Conclusion Open reduction and locking plate fixation with percutaneous screws via a limited tarsal sinus incision is a safe and reliable treatment for intra-articular calcaneal fractures,because it has the advantages of direct reduction of the articular surface,solid fixation,and limited soft tissue complications.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of transverse and longitudinal lower segment caesarean section on the outcome of newborn, postpartum haemorrhage and ratio of complications in placenta previa. MethodsPlacenta previa with lower segment transverse caesarean section( 117 cases) were taken as control group, meanwhile, the lower segment with longitudinal section (142 cases ) as experimental group. Their operational complications, amount of bleeding during and after operation and outcome of the perinatal period were analysed.Results No significant difference in age, parities, gestational weeks, the types of the placenta praevia and the locus of placenta between the two groups were found( P>0.05), while there were significant difference in the amount of bleeding during and after operation, the need of using gauze ribbon to stop bleeding, section splitting and rate of hysterectomy after caesarean section(P<0.01). ConelusionLower segment longitudinal caesarean section in placenta praevia not only shows less bleeding during operation and lower rate of postpartum haemorrhage, but also avoids using gauzes to stop bleeding and causes lower rate of hysterectomy after caesarean section, so it can be the first choice when determining the style of section in placenta praevia.

Converting two poorly water-soluble crystalline drugs to co-amorphous drug systems by ball milling, quench-cooling, or cryo-milling method can improve stability of the drug, enhance dissolution rates, and reduce adverse reactions of the single drug. Co-amorphous system has been used to solve problems of co-administration of medicines. Formation and intermolecular interactions of co-amorphous drug systems may be verified by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Raman spectroscopy (RS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Stability of co-amorphous drug systems is influenced by their glass transition temperature (Tg) and intermolecular interactions. The theoretical Tg values and the interaction parameter x are calculated by Gordon-Taylor equation and the Flory-Huggins equation, respectively. Thus, co-amorphous drug systems are analyzed theoretically at molecular level. Co-amorphous drug systems provide a new sight for the co-administration of medicines.

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum and identify the chemical structures.Methods The compounds were isolated by silica gel,Flash column chromatography and purified by crystallization.Their structures were elucidated by spectral methods.ResultsSeven compounds were isolated and identified.They are 6-(3′,methyl-2′,3′-dihydroxy) butyl-7-methoxyl-8-(3″-methyl-2″-butenyl)-coumarin(Ⅰ),8-(3′-methyl)-2′,3′-butenyl-2′-(1″-hydroxy-1″-methyl)-ethyl-6,7-dihydrofurancoumarin(Ⅱ),6,7,8-trimethoxycoumarin(Ⅲ),scoparone(Ⅳ),umbelliferone(Ⅴ),canthin-6-one(Ⅵ),and syringaresinol(Ⅶ).Conclusion Compound I is a novel compound and all compounds are obtained from Z.dimorphophyllum for the first time.

Objective:To explore the effect of emotional stress to the intra-islet apoptosis and the it's neural mechanism.Methods: Using the drinking-conflict stress and restraint stress, we investigated diabetes-prone NOD mouse's c-fos expression in it's brain and it's intra-islet apoptosis. Correlation between the two variables was also studied.Results:The average intra-islet apoptosis of the first(3.95?1.05)and the second (5.73?2.60)and third day(5.77?2.75) was higher than the control's(0.82?0.93,P