In recent years, research about microRNA has been increasing.How to safely and effectively introduce microRNA into target cells and target tissues is the key to successful treatment of diseases using microRNA.Many studies have reported that ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction technology (UTMD) mediated gene transfection has the advantages of safety, targeting and high transfection efficiency.The research of UTMD mediated microRNA transfection has also increased year by year.The mechanism of UTMD mediated microRNA transfection and the application in the treatment of diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular system are reviewed in this paper.

Ultrasound molecular imaging has become one of the hotspots of molecular imaging because of its advantages of non-invasion, non-radiation, repeatability and real-time dynamic imaging. The key of imaging is to select the appropriate target and ligand to bind to the ultrasound contrast agent. The formation of blood vessels in the development of tumor is a significant feature. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) is an important specific molecule on tumor vascular endothelial cells, and which can be used as a target for tumor ultrasound imaging. In recent years, many scholars have carried out related studies on the imaging of ultrasound molecules targeting VEGFR. This paper reviewed the mechanism and application of tumor ultrasound molecular imaging with VEGFR as target in recent years.

Autoimmune disease is a condition arisen from an abnormal immune response to the tissue cells itself, its precise mechanism remains unknown, and the failure to distinguish self from non-self is often termed a breach of tolerance and is the basis for autoimmune illness. The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced protein 8 like-2 (TIPE2) is a newly discovered member of TNF-α induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) family which is an essential negative controller of both innate and adaptive immunity. It has been documented that marked expressions of TIPE2 are evident in various autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), myasthenia gravis (MG) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which appear to be closely related to the severity, progression as well as prognosis of the illness, thereby contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Deficient expression of TIPE2 might contribute to the hyper-reactivity of auto-reactive lymphocytes and macrophages, or aggregate inflammatory reaction by prompting high concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood, thus, trigger the development and progression of autoimmune diseases. In addition, dysregulation of immune homeostasis could be another latent target involved into the mechanism of autoimmune diseases. The present paper summarized the potential role and its mechanism of TIPE2 in the development of autoimmune diseases.

Diabetes is non-infectious chronic disease which is associated with life style,and mental stress is an important pathogenic factor of it.The article explained experience of Professor JIN Hong-yuan in treating diabetes from seven emotions,and approached application of mentation in diabetes from etiopathogenisis,pathogenesis,diagnosis,treatment,health cultivation and so on,at last to elevate effectiveness in clinic.So it had important significance to elevate existence quality and overall-controlled patient's condition through modern psychological support therapy combining with recognition of JIN Hong-yuan on seven emotions.

Objective To investigate the effect of Tetramethyl Pyrazine(TMP) for treating cerebral infarct by observing infarct areas,and to research its function mechanism by observing the changes of the expressions of ED1,TNF-? and IL-1? in the infarction region after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods Sixty SD male rats in healthy condition were randomly and averagely divided into normal group,model group and TMP high,middle and low dose group.The cerebral infarct animal model was reproduced by modified thread-tie method.TMP high dose group was administered TMP 140 mg/kg,middle dose group was 120 mg/kg and low dose group was 100 mg/kg by intravenous.Then all the rats were killed.Thirty rats were taken to evaluate whether TMP can decrease the ratio of cerebral infarction areas in the TTC-reacting and formalin fixation brain tissue slices taken from the above-mentioned killed rats,with Pathology Image Analysis System.The masculine of ED1,IL-1? and TNF-? in the immuno-reacting cells in cerebral infarction brain tissue slice taken from other thirty killed rats were observed.Results TMP groups decreased the ratio of cerebral infarction areas,and also decreased ED1,TNF-? and IL-1? in immuno-reacting cell.Conclusion TMP can decrease the formation of cerebral infarction caused by cerebral ischemia reperfusion and its effect is possibly related to the activation of microglia,as well as the immuno-positive expressions of TNF-? and IL-1?.

Infectious diseases are resulted from the invasion of an organism's body tissues by multiple disease-causing agents. It has been demonstrated that the occurrence and development of infectious diseases are closely associated with the functional status of immune system. Cytokines play significant roles in modulating the host immune response to the clearance of pathogenic microorganisms and maintaining immune homeostasis. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), as a newly identified member of IL-12 family, exerts suppressive effect on immune response by means of a specific pattern. With the progress of research in recent years, IL-35 might serve as an essential contributor in the immunopathogensis of vast infectious diseases, including hepatitis B, sepsis, tuberculosis and parasite infection, which simultaneously appear to be closely related to the severity, progression as well as prognosis of the illness. Apparently, IL-35 is regarded as a potent and promising anti-inflammatory cytokine in clinical application; its potential value may shed light on the therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases. Herein, we mainly review the potential role and its mechanism of IL-35 in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases.

15 ml/s;dysuria was significantly improved in the other 2 cases,with the Qmax being 13 and 11 ml/s,respectively.Conclusions Transurethral resection of bladder neck is an effective means for the treatment of female bladder neck obstruction.

The chemical constituents from Aconitum richardsonianum var.pseudosessiliflorum were investigated.The roots of this plant were extracted three times with 90% EtOH at the room temperature.The ethanol extracts were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield residue,which was suspended in water and successively partitioned with chloroform.The chloroform extraction was isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography.Six compounds were isolated and elucidated as delelatine（1）,isodelpheline（2）,3-acetylaconitine（3）,isoatisine（4）,nordhagenine A（5）and yunaconitine（6）.Compounds 1-5 were obtained from Aconitum Brunneum for the first time.Compound（1）showed significant cytotoxic activities（IC50=4.36 μM）against the human tumor cell line P388.

Medical rescue is the most important key point for deciding disaster prognosis. But there are not systemic and special mode of disaster medical education. This article expounds the concept and features of disaster medicine, and puts forward the idea that the training routes of talents in disaster medicine should be included in undergraduates, vocational and continuing education.

Sepsis is a severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and is common in the patients with infection, extensive burn injury and major surgery. As it may cause multiple organ dysfunction and septic shock, it is always accompanied with high mortality and poor prognosis. Currently there's no effective medication available for treatment of sepsis. During the process of killing bacteria, the classical antibiotics lead to release of a large quantity of proinflammatory cytokines, such as lipopolysaccharide, which exacerbates the malfunction of immune system. Furthermore, the growing number of multiresistant bacteria present a new challenge to the management of sepsis. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small, cationic, and amphipathic peptides with broad-spectrum microbicidal activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses. In addition, they also can neutralize endotoxin and suppress inflammatory cascade through multiple immunomodulation, which potentially serves as a promising alternative approach for sepsis treatment. This review briefly summarizes the progress of AMPs in the treatment of sepsis as well as the relevant mechanisms.