There are many defects in traditional clinical medical education,Socratic method has been used in law and commerce education,and we find it has the feasibility and operation to use the method in clinical medical education.

70%). Imipenem was of the strongest activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the susceptibility of 86.3% but cefetaxime and ceftriaxone were of the weakest with the susceptibility of 6.8% and 11.0%, respectively. Conclusion The clinically isolated drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are increasing year by year. Therefore, clinical doctors should choose antibiotics rationally in dealing with the P. aeruginosa infected patients according to drug resistance test.

Animals ; Botulinum Toxins ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Bruxism ; drug therapy ; Dystonia ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; drug therapy ; Sialorrhea ; drug therapy ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; drug therapy

Objective To study the effect of the magnetic field-treated water on metabolism of monoaminergic nerve transmitters in mice. Methods Twenty healthy aged Kunming mice were divided into a control group and an experimental group randomly. The mice in the control group were given tap-water and those in the experimental group magnetic field-treated water for 30 days. The content of monoaminergic nerve transmitters in brain of mice in the two groups were determined. Results A significant difference was found in the content of monoaminergic nerve transmitters between the control and the experimental groups. The contents of NE, DA, 5-HT and 5-HIAA increased significantly(P

Clinical biochemical test course construction in the new medical model, first of all, requires a combination of subject characteristics of the course, and proceeds with the improvement from the teaching methods and evaluation system. Secondly, we should cultivate students' doctor-patient communication skills and humanities quality in the teaching process. Finally, we should establish the effective clinical biochemical test teaching mode to achieve both teaching and learning.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in female,and the recurrence and metastasis is the leading cause of death.Previous image evaluation of breast cancer could not detect the tumor at its early stage timely.The circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood are like the seeds buried in the body,which cause the later recurrence and metastasis.So we can detect circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood to evaluate breast cancer progression.In present study,circulating tumor cells cau be implied more than three ways in clinical application of breast cancer.They could be used to monitor the therapeutic effect in breast cancer therapy timely,to analyze molecular classification of breast cancer and conduct clinical drug sensitivity tests.Although the value of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer has been widely recognized,many factors limited their application in clinical.Thus,we conduct this review about the current progress of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer.

Objective To evaluate the effects of supine and prone position on ventilation function in neonates in the initial six-hour period after weaning. Methods Sixty-four neonates weaned from mechanical ventilation and with normal body temperature hospitalized from Sep. 2004 to Apr. 2006 in our NICU were randomly divided into prone group and supine group. All of them were oxygen administrated through head net, oxygen flow rate was adjusted continously to keep SpO2 at normal level by monitoring SpO2 and RR. FiO2、RR were recorded at 15 minutes,1 h,2 h,3 h,4 h,5 h,6 h after weaning. Arterial blood gas was meas-ured at 1 h ,6 h after weaning and A-aDO2, RI, OI were calculated. Results (1) At 1～6 h after weaning the values of FiO2 in prone group were significantly lower than those in the supine group(P<0.01). (2) After weaning there was a decreasing tendency of RR in the prone group and the significant decrease was found at 4 h ,5 h ,6 h compared with supine group (P<0.01). (3) At 1h and 6h after weaning, the value of PaO2 and OI were significantly higher and the value of A-aDO2, RI were lower in the prone group than in the supine group(P<0.05,P<0.01). (4) At 6 h the PaCO2 in prone group were obviously higher than that in supine group (P<0.05). Conclusion At first 6h after weaning prone position can improve ventilation functions.

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic

Objective To explore the factors affecting urinary arsenic methylated metabolites in population exposed to elevated arsenic through drinking water.Methods Residents,including 73 males and 72 females,in a endemic village located in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region where the concentration of arsenic in drinking water was 0.167 mg/L,were included in the study; moming urine samples were collected; individual height and weight were measured which could be used to calculate body mass index(BM庆) ; and smoking and drinking habit was investigated by a questionnaire survey.Urinary concentrations of inorganic arsenic (iAs),monomethylarsenic acid(MMA) and dimethylarsenic acid(DMA) were determined using high performance liquid chromatography hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HPLC-HG-AFC).Total arsenic (T-As) level was calculated by the sum of iAs,MMA and DMA; iAs％,MMA％ and DMA％ was calculated based on iAs/T-As,MMA/T-As and DMA/T-As.One methylation ratio(PMI) and dimethyl rate(SMI) were calculated by MMA/iAs and DMA/MMA.Results SMI level of female was significantly higher than that of male [median (M) =4.18,3.38,x2 =11.219,P ＜ 0.05] ; MMA％ of female was significantly lower than that of male(M =15.1 9,18.06,x2 =9.272,P ＜ 0.05) ; DMA％ of female was significantly higher than that of male (M =65.61,59.47,x2 =11.728,P ＜ 0.05).Various forms of arsenic indexes were not affected by smoking,alcohol consumption and BMI(P ＞ 0.05).BMI was negatively correlated with MMA％,with correlation coefficient (r)-0.17 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Under the same condition of arsenic exposure,arsenic methylation capacity of women is higher than that of men.Lower BMI is significantly associated with higher methylation capability of arsenic,but this correlation may be affected by other confounding factors.

Objective To evaluate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) on the expression of Toll like receptor-4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κcB) in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI).Methods Seventy-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:shame operation group (group S),ALI group and PHC group.Sepsis-induced ALl was induced by cecal ligation and puncture in anesthetized rats.In group PHC,PHC 0.45 mg/kg was intramuscularly injected immediately after cecal ligation and puncture.At 6,12,24 and 36 h after ligation,the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for detection of TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations and the lungs were removed for determination of the expression of TLR4 (using RT-PCR and Western blot) and NF-κBp65 (using Western blot) in lung tissues and for microscopic examination.The pathological changes of lungs were scored.The wet to dry lung weight (W/D) ratio was calculated and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissues was measured.Results As compared with S group,the IL-6 concentrations in BALF at 6,12 and 24 h after ligation,TNF-α concentration in BALF at 6 and 12 h after ligation,and the expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp65,pathological scores,W/D ratio and MPO activity at each time point were significantly increased in ALI group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with ALI group,the TNF-α concentration in BALF at 6 and 12 h after ligation,and IL-6 concentrations in BALF,the expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp65,pathological scores,W/D ratio and MPO activity at each time point were significantly decreased in group PHC (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PHC inhibits NF-κB activation and decreases inflammatory responses through blocking TLR4 expression in lung tissues,thus attenuating sepsis-induced ALI in rats.