Child ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Nephrology ; history ; Pediatrics ; history ; Societies, Medical ; history

Objective : To investigate the changes of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in both the airways and the blood circulation in an animal model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the effects of theophylline on LTB4. Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups by random number meter: Group A (normal controls), group B (COPD), group C (smoking+low dose theophylline), and group D (smoking+high dose theophylline ),with 8 rats in each group. Pulmonary functions of the rats were assessed, and pathological changes of airways were scored. Cell counts and cell differentiation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were also performed. Concentrations of IL-8 and LTB4 in BALF, plasma and lung tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Results: LTB4 concentrations in BALF of COPD rats increased significantly as compared with the normal controls, and positively correlated with the percentage of neutrophil and IL-8 in BALF (r=0.794,0.863 ; P=0.007,0.012), and negatively correlated with peak expiratory flow (PEF) (r=-0.718, P=0.028). Positive correlations were also found between levels of LTB4 in BALF and the scores of inflammatory cell infiltration of COPD rats (r=0.836, P=0.036). Treatment with theophylline decreased the percentage of neutrophil and the concentrations of LTB4 in BALF of the COPD rats, attenuated the pathological changes of small airways, such as airway occlusion, goblet-cell metaplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis and smooth muscle proliferation. The effect was more significant on goblet-cell metaplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration in the high dose group. However theophylline had little effect on PEF. Conclusion: Our results suggest that LTB4 is involved in airway inflammation in COPD. Theophylline is effective in decreasing the levels of LTB4 in BALF of COPD rats, reducing the percentage of neutrophil, and attenuating pathological changes of small airways.

The purpose of this review is to help people having a right attitude toward the health effects of expo-sure to extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields. In this paper, epidemiological studies and animal studies in vivo were reviewed in order to evaluate the health impacts of exposure to ELF electromagnetic fields. The results show that the association between ELF electromagnetic fields and the risk of tumors as well as non-tumor health effects is very weak even uncertain.

Based on a self-made questionnaire,this research is carried on to analyze the consumption psychology of mobile phone text among 400 university students of different grades,and finally discovered:(1)Mobile phone text has become a universally popular way of social intercourse among modern university students,and been wider used inside intimate communities.Its convenience and low expense are primary reasons for its widespread usage among university students.(2) The consumption of mobile phone text among university students displays remarkable differences between different genders and grades.(3) Some students formed certain psychological and behavioral problems during the usage of mobile phone text including mobile phone dependence and auditory hallucinations,and so on.

Objective To investigate the effects and safety of mechanical continue heart chest compression ventilation (CCV) and interrupt pressure ventilation (30∶2) on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods According to the mechanical pressure ventilation different way,90 patients with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in our hospital emergency center were admitted into control group (30∶2 group) with 48 cases and observation group (CCV group) with 42 cases,with a before and after case-control study to compare the recovery effects [rate of spontaneous circulation restoration (ROCS),successful recovery rate,the ROCS time,withdraw machine time,and Glasgow coma scale(GCS) in successful recovery patients] and recovery of adveme events (fracture,skin lesions,hemopneumothorax,and visceral injury).Results With comparison between two groups,CCV group had shorter ROCS recovery time and withdraw machine time [(9.31±4.32) min vs (12.67±4.86) min,(32.07 t4.84) min vs (36.33 ± 3.37)min,P ＜0.05],higher rate of ROCS and successful recovery rate (42.9％ vs 22.9％,21.4％ vs 6.3％,P ＜ 0.05) than 30∶2 group;while both were no difference in Glasgow coma scale (GCS) in successful recovery patients (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of adverse events were not different in both (11.9％ vs 8.3％,P ＞0.05).Conclusions Mechanical continue chest compression ventilation (CCV) compared to interrupt pressure ventilation (30∶ 2) can effectively shorten the ROCS recovery time and withdraw machine time,improve the ROSC recovery rate and success rate of recovery,but failed to improve nerve functions.Two groups have a lower incidence of adverse events,which is safe to use.

Objective To investigate the presentation and radiologic findings of MarchiafavaBignami disease (MBD).Methods Six cases of MBD who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,including the imaging examination(such as cranial CT,magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)),laboratory tests,clinical symptoms and prognosis.Results Six cases of MBD disease were presented with swelled,thickened corpus callosum,iso-or hypo-intensity on T1WI,hyper-intensity on T2WI and fluid attenuated inversion recovery and restricted diffusion on diffusion weighted imaging.Coma of acute onset was the major clinical finding in case 1,case 4 and case 6,which showed the lesions in the entire corpus callosum and extended to the white matter,and the prognosis of these cases were worse.Slow reaction and memory decrease were the clinical findings in case 2 and case 3,which showed the genu and splenium of corpus callosum involvement on MRI and CT,and returned to normal with aggressive treatment.Numbness and weakness of the lower lambs were the major clinical finding in case 5,which showed that the lesion was limited in the splenium and body of corpus callosum on MRI.The patient recovered after treatment.Conclusions MBD may present with various clinical forms,but have characteristic imaging findings.Outset form and neuroimaging characteristics of MBD are critical for improvement of the clinical outcome.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and analyze the molecular genetics of a pedigree of limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD).Methods Pedigree analysis and clinical examination were performed in one four-generation family with LGMD.Electrophysiology and muscle biopsy were done in the affected members.With an informed consent, gene mutation, genome screening and linkage analysis were conducted in 26 members of this pedigree.Results Seven patients were identified.Pedigree analysis was consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance.Affected members had early presentation.Main features included proximal muscle weakness without dysarthria nor spasticity; electrophysiology and muscle biopsy revealed myopathic changes.LGMD1 A, 1B, 1C and facioscapulohumeral dystrophy genes were not detected by gene mutation analysis.Genome screening and linkage analysis did not reveal any linkage with the disease-causing gene and the reported loci of LGMD1D and LGMD1F genes.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of this LGMD family are highly heterogeneous, and the disease-causing gene of this family is not linked to any of the reported sites, suggesting this may be a new disease-causing locus, or a new genetic type of LGMD.

In the process of responding to public health emergencies,the conflicts between the principles of management and ethics are constantly revealed.Combining with a unit's practical experiences of participating in several major public health emergencies,this paper put forward that it should take into account both the rescue and notification to achieve the unity of effective rescue and informed consent;take into account both the enforcement and obedience to achieve the unity of the interest of groups and individuals;take into account both the equality and priority to achieve the unity of urgency priority and equal opportunity;take into account both the rescuing and suf-fering to achieve the unity of interest between the rescuers and the victims,and thus to provide references for the reasonable solution of the ethical conflicts in the process of responding to public health emergencies.

Child ; China ; Chronic Disease ; Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; prevention & control ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; prevention & control ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; prevention & control

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of laparoscopic mesh repair of parastomal hernia. Methods Laparoscopic mesh repair was performed in 7 patients with parasromal hernia from September 2004 to December 2005 in this hospital.Results Laparoscopic mesh herniorrhaphy was successfully performed in 6 patients, while a conversion to open herniorrhaphy was required in 1 patient because of extensive intraperitoneal adhesion. The operating time was 45~180 mi (mean, 109 min), and the hernial diameter was 4~6 cm (mean, 5.6 cm). Transient abdominal distention happened in 2 patients. Five patients complained of a pain in operative area within 3 weeks. Seroma occurred in 4 patients and was cured by needle aspiration and pressure bandaging for 2~ 4 times. No hematoma or surgery-related infection was seen. The length of postoperative hospital stay was 3~8 d (mean, 5.1 d). Postoperative follow-up for 2~15 months (mean, 8.3 months) revealed no recurrence. Conclusions Laparoscopic mesh repair of parastomal hernia is safe, effective, and feasible.