The mirror neuron system is an action observation-execution mechanism which plays an important role in many neurophysiologicalprocesses, such as action observation, action imitation, motor imagery and motor learning. It is an important neural mechanism of actionobservation therapy, motor imagery therapy, mirror therapy, virtual reality therapy and brain computer interface technology.

The Halliwick concept is a kind of aquatic kinesitherapy concept to reduce disability and improve quality of life through activities in water such as swimming. It mainly includes the Halliwick Ten-Point-Programme aimming at teaching siwmming and the Water Specific Therapy focusing on impairments of body functions or body structure. The Halliwick concept can be relatead to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health very well, and its therapeutic effects has been supported by more and more evidence-based-studies.

Objective To evaluate the prophylactic effect of abdominal breathing exercises on radiation pneumonitis in patients with chest malignant tumors.Methods 100 patients with chest malignant tumors were given radiotherapy and divided with random digit table into the exercise group and the control group with 50 patients in each group.The incidence rate of radiation pneumonitis in both groups was compared.The prophylactic effect of abdominal breathing exercises on radiation pneumonitis was evaluated.Results The incidence of radiation pneumonitis in abdominal breathing exercise group was significantly reduced [34％ (17/50) vs.56％ (28/50),Z=2.397,P＜0.05],the incidences of grade Ⅰ [22％ (11/50) vs.30％ (15/50)] and grade Ⅱ [12％ (6/50) vs.18％ (9/50)] radiation pneumonitis decreased,and no grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ radiation pneumonitis occurred.Conclusions The incidence of radiation pneumonitis in patients with chest malignant tumors treated with radiation therapy may be decreased by abdominal breathing exercises,which may be widely applied in patients treated with radiation therapy.

Objective To explore how to establish and safeguard the peripherally inserted central catheters(PICC) maintenance network for the management and practical activity of PICC,so as to provide continuous high-quality PICC maintenance for discharged patients with PICC. Methods 40 nurses each year from 10 cities and 100 country hospitals affiliated with Shanxi Quality Control Center to train in the 1st and 2nd affiliated hospital of Xi`an Jiaotong University were choosen as 214 PICC maintainers. These maintainers were taken into the inner-net of 1st affiliated hospital of Xi`an Jiaotong University management system complete the PICC maintenance net of Shanxi province. Results After the establishment of maintenance network, the number of patients with PICC increased (from 610 cases in 2008 to 1 434 cases in 2014);A large number of PICC management had been down by the qualified nurses in primary hospitals; Duration of PICC in patients days was prolonged; The PICC related complications including thrombophlebitis, catheter infection,occlusion or dislodgment and unplanned extubate were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 respectively). Conclusions Establishment of PICC maintenance network can provide patients with standardized and convenient PICC maintenance service,decrease the incidence of catheter which related complications and ensure patient safety. The application of PICC maintenance network should be used more and more.

Objective To know the masons of delaying to receive medical treatment among patients with breast cancer, and then reference to related health education. Methods 13 patients with breast cancer were selected in this research, interviewed them by phenomenological method to know their reasons of delaying to receive medical treatment, analized the results of interview by Clolaizzi method. Results The were five themes for patients with breast cancer about delaying to receive medical treatment, they were not understand breast cancer-related knowledge, shortage of method of self-examination, psychological factors, working pressure and family factors, social environment factors. Conclusions We should strengthen breast cancer-related health education when changed women's traditional ideas and ameliorated their family and social environment.

Objective To summarize theskill practice as the coremethods and training effect in tumor specialist nurse training , and to explore the suitable effective methods and pattern of China′s national conditions of specialist nurse training in China, for providing a reference for conducting cancer specialist nurse training. Methods Reviewed and analyzed tumor specialist nurse training method to make clear the training effect from 2012 to 2013, 100 students was investigated by using questionnaires , which contain 15 aspects, before and after the training respectively. designskill practice as the coreof the training content (160 hours) and theoretical classes (80 hours), established training evaluation criteria and the organization management system. Results All 100 students had grasped maintenance technology, observation of the complications of treatment, infusion port of the maintenance, the use of chemotherapy drugs, health education for patients with PICC catheter, and the use of effective order, the grasp rate was 100%. Complications rate was decreased significantly after using PICC catheter, (the rate of catheter related blood stream infections and the rate of thrombosis was reduced from the top 35%and 12%before training to 4%and 1%after training respectively (P<0.05). Conclusions In order to train more practical clinical nurse specialists, reduce the complications, raise the overall level of nursing profession, and improve the quality of nursing after using PICC catheter. Skill practice as the core methods in tumor specialist nurse training should be advocated.

With regard to the ethical nursing for patients suffering from cervical cancer,eight strategies are developed: To help establish credible relationship between nurses and target patients by psychological and ethical nursing and health education such as nursing on nutrition,skin,vaginal irrigation,radio-colitis,radio-cystitis and discharge instruction to the patients.

Objective To investigate the influence of psychosocial factors to emotional disorder of tumor patients. Methods 76 patients with tumor and other 76 patients with tumor were including. All the patients themselves completed once through the following questionnaires: Symptom Check List (SCL-90),Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Life Event Scale (LES). However, Hamilton Depression rating scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety rating Scale (HAMA) were measured by the researchers. Results The occurrence rate of depression and anxiety in tumor patients was clearly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01), while the negative life event increased. Conclusion The occurrence rate of the emotional disorder among tumor patients is clearly higher than the control group, which may be related with the negative life event.

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Liaoning Province from 1951 to 2014,so as to provide the evidence for further control of the disease. Methods The data of registered malaria cases in Liaoning Province from 1951 to 2014 were collected and analyzed with epidemiological methods. Results From 1951 to 2014,there were report-ed malaria cases each year. The peaks of incidence were in 1953,1962 and 1973,the incidence rates were 136.67/100000, 256.81/100000 and 35.89/100000 respectively and the numbers of patients were 27862,65460 and 11523,respectively. From 1977 to 2014,the incidence rates were all less than 1/100000. From 1951 to 1980,the occupations of patients were main-ly farmers,and from 1981 to 2014 were mainly workers,farmers and exported laborers. Conclusion The malaria endemic situ-ation in Liaoning Province experienced the periods from outbreaks to basically elimination,and the long-term surveillance will be the further working emphasis.

Continuous exposure to conventional glucose-containing lactate-buffered solutions will ultimately lead to irreversible changes of the structure and function of peritoneum.Therefore,the development of novel peritoneal dialysis(PD) solutions has become the focus in the PD fields in recent years.Icodextrin,which has more adventages than conventional PD solutions,is one of the most important advancements in the past decade.Icodextrin has better biocompatibility,and can reduce the absorption of carbohydrates to decrease the metabolic complications in PD patients.Apart from increasing ultrafiltration,icodextrin can also improve the fluid status and protect the residual renal function of PD patients.However,adverse consequences may result from the pseudo-hyperglycaemia caused by limited measurement of serum glucose.This article reviews the features and applications of the new PD solutions—icodextrin solutions.