Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) optic nerve tracing in vivo is a technology which can reflect the axonal transport status and visual pathway connection by utilizing divalent manganese ion's transportability in axons and its characteristics of paramagnetism,and such potential optic nerve tract-tracing technique has been widely used in ophthalmologic research.Mn2+ enters the neurons through the voltage-gating Ca2+ channel and is transported by microtubule system which is not depended on cellular electric activity.However,the trans-synaptic transport of Mn2+ relies on membrane potential.Taking advantages of MEMRI,optic nerve injury-related research could be implemented.Mn2+ is an intracellular contrast agent with metal toxicity,so low dose,fractionated,targeted delivery of Mn2+ is recommended to alleviate the adverse effects of Mn2+.Herein,the mechanism of divalent manganese ion optic nerve tracing,application of MEMRI in ophthalmologic research field,drug delivery approach of divalent Mn2+ and its toxicity were summarized.

In the past few years, people have a new understanding of the mechanism of Epigenetic disease. Epigenetic modification processes involved in human disease include DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation, RNA-associated silencing.Epigenetic modification related with cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, transformation and tumor progression-related gene transcription. There has been a long time that the gene mutations involved in tumor formation. In recent years.more and more evidences that genetic and epigenetic modifications leading to the formation of tumors. Epigenetic modifications has also play a very important role in the formation of tumors. This article discussed the DNA methylation.histone post-translational modification anomalies and small interference RNA impact on the formation of leukemia. It provides new prospects for the treatment of leukemia.

Objective To investigate the effect of Tetramethyl Pyrazine(TMP) for treating cerebral infarct by observing infarct areas,and to research its function mechanism by observing the changes of the expressions of ED1,TNF-? and IL-1? in the infarction region after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods Sixty SD male rats in healthy condition were randomly and averagely divided into normal group,model group and TMP high,middle and low dose group.The cerebral infarct animal model was reproduced by modified thread-tie method.TMP high dose group was administered TMP 140 mg/kg,middle dose group was 120 mg/kg and low dose group was 100 mg/kg by intravenous.Then all the rats were killed.Thirty rats were taken to evaluate whether TMP can decrease the ratio of cerebral infarction areas in the TTC-reacting and formalin fixation brain tissue slices taken from the above-mentioned killed rats,with Pathology Image Analysis System.The masculine of ED1,IL-1? and TNF-? in the immuno-reacting cells in cerebral infarction brain tissue slice taken from other thirty killed rats were observed.Results TMP groups decreased the ratio of cerebral infarction areas,and also decreased ED1,TNF-? and IL-1? in immuno-reacting cell.Conclusion TMP can decrease the formation of cerebral infarction caused by cerebral ischemia reperfusion and its effect is possibly related to the activation of microglia,as well as the immuno-positive expressions of TNF-? and IL-1?.

Objective:To compare the performance of two study samples on WAIS-Ⅲ Chinese version.Methods:A sample of 114 inpatients with schizophrenia and a sample of 114 closely-matched nonclinical adults in Mainland China were studied with the measures of WAIS-Ⅲ Chinese version.Results:The scores of patient sample exhibited significant difference from those of healthy adult sample in all three IQs and other three indices in addition to Verbal Comprehension Index(P

Relying on the R3 GF program,the present paper attempts to analyze the standards of multi-sectoral social participation projects design and implementation,to construct the key indicators and to explore the experience and bias,as well as to provide recommendations on how to improve performance and outcomes of small grant projects by multi-sectors.

Objective To explore the TCM syndrome of IgAN, and formulate standard scheme on differentiation of symptoms and sings. Methods Adopted epidemiological investigation of TCM syndrome, and analyzed the relativity of clinic and pathology with the TCM syndrome. Results Two schemes of TCM showed that the qiyinliangxu syndrome was primary pattern of IgAN. The TCM syndrome showed changes of single syndrome (qiyinliangxu) → bideminy syndrome (qiyinliangxu accompanied shenluoyubi or fengshineirao)→ trigeminy syndrome (qiyinliangxu accompanied shenluoyubi and fengshineirao) with the aggravation of IgAN.Conclusions The New Scheme was more predominant in differentiation of symptoms and sings than The Old Scheme, and The New Scheme was more easy to operat and master. It was worthy to spread and utilize The New Scheme in clinic.

mia and hypertension are the major risk factors for occurrence of diabetic retinopathy.High UA may be also associated with occurrence of diabetic retinopathy.

SWOT method was used to analyze the internal strengths,weaknesses,external opportunities and threats of Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command,PLA. Based on the results,four development policy were put forward:developing the sections prepared for war; inducing invigorative system in human resource management; enhancing the value of nosocomial brand; strengthening of the audit about the medical cost accounting.

CYP2A6 is an important drug metabolic enzyme that plays a central role in pharmacology and toxicology.Coumarin and nicodine are mainly metabolized by it.CYP2A6 also have a close connection with diseases that related to smoking.While hnRNP A1 is a protein that shows an important regulative action on some specific genes at post-transcription level.Recently,researchers are paying more and more attention to the relationship between the activity of CYP2A6 and the expression of hnRNPA1.In order to master the change rule of CYP2A6 activity,we try to explain the regulative effect on CYP2A6 by hnRNP A1 at post-transcription level,which will bring an important effect on guiding clinical medicine treatments and smoking addictive therapy.

11? Hydroxysterold dehydrogenases (11?-HSDs )catalyse the interconversion of active glucocorticoids(cortisol,corticosterone )and their inert 11?-keto derivatives(cortisone,11-dehydrocorticosterone)They play an important role in regulating the local glucocorticoids activities.Glucoeorticoids can induce insulin resistance.The alteration of 11?-HSD activities in tissues such as liver ,adipose tissue, is closely relevant to some common disorders,including obesity and type 2diabetes mellitus.