Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) optic nerve tracing in vivo is a technology which can reflect the axonal transport status and visual pathway connection by utilizing divalent manganese ion's transportability in axons and its characteristics of paramagnetism,and such potential optic nerve tract-tracing technique has been widely used in ophthalmologic research.Mn2+ enters the neurons through the voltage-gating Ca2+ channel and is transported by microtubule system which is not depended on cellular electric activity.However,the trans-synaptic transport of Mn2+ relies on membrane potential.Taking advantages of MEMRI,optic nerve injury-related research could be implemented.Mn2+ is an intracellular contrast agent with metal toxicity,so low dose,fractionated,targeted delivery of Mn2+ is recommended to alleviate the adverse effects of Mn2+.Herein,the mechanism of divalent manganese ion optic nerve tracing,application of MEMRI in ophthalmologic research field,drug delivery approach of divalent Mn2+ and its toxicity were summarized.

In the past few years, people have a new understanding of the mechanism of Epigenetic disease. Epigenetic modification processes involved in human disease include DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation, RNA-associated silencing.Epigenetic modification related with cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, transformation and tumor progression-related gene transcription. There has been a long time that the gene mutations involved in tumor formation. In recent years.more and more evidences that genetic and epigenetic modifications leading to the formation of tumors. Epigenetic modifications has also play a very important role in the formation of tumors. This article discussed the DNA methylation.histone post-translational modification anomalies and small interference RNA impact on the formation of leukemia. It provides new prospects for the treatment of leukemia.

[Objective]To review the effect of treatment in chronic kidney disease and its preparation of Cordyceps sinensis. [Methods] By searching and reading the literature, to study the therapeutic effects of Cordyceps sinensis and its preparation on chronic kidney disease.[Results] Cordyceps and its prepa-ration could significantly decrease the proteinuria in patients with chronic kidney disease, serum creatinine level, significant improvement in renal fibrosis, and delay the progression of renal function. [Conclusion] Cordyceps and its preparation have obvious curative effect on chronic kidney disease.

The responsibility system of attending doctors plays a positive role in raising hospital efficiency and optimizing medical resources deployment.For the change in the subject of medical liabilities following the introduction of this system,medical management needs to shift from department management to doctor management instead.In the meantime,appropriate rules and regulations are needed to normalize the roles and behavior of the medical office,department heads,and attending doctors in medical activities.This will ensure the successful operation of this responsibility system,and generate ideal medical,economic and social outcomes.

Objective To develop the Chinese version of Patient Learning Needs Scale(PLNS), and evaluate the feasibility, validity and reliability of the developed scale. Methods The standard procedure of cross-culture adaptation was used to develop the Chinese version PLNS. A total of 385 adults hospitalized with a medical or surgical illness completed the Chinese version PLNS. The feasibil-ity and psychometric properties of the scale such as, internal consistency, split-half reliability, content validity and construct validity were evaluated. Results Questionnaire recovery rate of the investiga-tion was 98.5%,the completion rate was 97.7%. Average time of completing was (13.75±4.36) min. The overall Cronbaeh's α coefficient was 0.95 and the value of a in 5 subscales of PLNS ranged from 0.75 to 0.86. The overall split-half reliability coefficient was 0.95 and the value of split-half in 5 subscales of PLNS ranged from 0.802 to 0.876. The CVI for content validity was 0.86. The construct validity was con-finned by factor analysis with 55,08% variance was explained by 9 factors. Conclusions An accept-able psychometric property of the Chinese version of PLNS was indicated. PLNS could be used as positive aspects measurement of general patients'perceptions of learning needs while discharging.It might be help-ful for care and further clinical study.

Objective To investigate clinical effect of kidney essence granule on DNA intergrity in patients with idiopathic weak sperm.Methods 110 cases of idiopathic weak sperm disease in outpatient service of male infertility were selected, and divided into 3 groups using random number table method, treatment group (n=40) treated with strong kidney essence granule and control group (n=40) by Wuzi Yanzong pill treatment, blank control group (n =30) given placebo treatment.Semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) differences were compared within groups. Results The efficacy of treatment group was significantly higher than control group and blank control group, and control group was significantly higher than blank control group, the differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05).There was no significant difference among the 3 groups of patients within semen volume, liquefaction time, a,(a+b),(a+b+c) grade sperm percentage, seminal plasma fructose and acid phosphatase level pre-and post-treatment.Pre-treatment, sperm density, sperm abnormality rate, α-glycosides and DFI were not significantly different among the 3 groups.Post-treatment, sperm density in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group, and sperm deformity rate and DFI were significantly lower than that in control group, and that in control group was significantly lower than that in blank control group (P <0.05) .Pearson correlation analysis showed that the sperm density was negatively correlated with DFI(r=-0.354), and the sperm deformity rate was positively correlated with DFI(r=0.324).Conclusion The main reason for abnormal DNA integrity are renal dysfunction, and kidney essence granule can be used as an effective medicine to improve the integrity of sperm DNA.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of esmolol for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction patients with sympathetic storm.Methods Sixty acute myocardial infarction patients who suffered from sympathetic storm during the hospitalization from January 2013 to January 2015 in the People's Hospital of Baoji City.The patients were randomly divided into two groups : esmolol group(patients were treated with cardioversion or electric defibrillation and esmolol, n =30) and control group (patients were treated with cardioversion or electric defibrillation and amiodarone, n =30).Results The effective rate of esmolol group was 93.33％ (28/30), of control group was 70.00％ (21/30), and the difference was significant (x2 =5.455, P =0.020).The success rate of esmolol group which terminated sympathetic storm was significantly higher than control group (28％ vs.20％, P =0.020).Recurrence of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation after esmolol treatment was significantly lower, the corresponding were less (3.30± 2.76 vs.6.83 ± 4.58, P =0.001).Esmolol group was no occurrence of hypotension that could not be corrected or severe slow arrhythmia.NTproBNP level between the two groups was not statistically significant observation (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Esmolol treatment of sympathetic storm is better efficacy, safety and be worthy of clinical application.

Prader-Willi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hypotonia,poor feeding in infancy,hyperphagia with evolving obesity,hypogonadism,decreased adult height,and cognitive and behavioral disabilities.Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been used in treating Prader-Willi syndrome,and it has achieved good results.Several aspects still need to be concerned,including evaluation before rhGH treatment,age at treatment initiation,dosing,monitoring of potential side effects,tolerability,endpoint,response evaluation,use of adjunct therapies,and issues of consent.

Bacterial cellulose,as a new material,due to its unique nano-fiber mesh structure with good purity,physical and chemical properties such as mechanical strength and water holding capacity,biocompatibility and adaptability,has been widely used in medicine,food,paper,textile,acoustical materials and other industries.In medical field,especially,it has been rapidly developed in recent years.This review discusses the current bacterial cellulose and its performance optimization products which relates to the medical applications.

Objective: To explore auxiliary diagnostic value of fragmented QRS complex on ECG for acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods: Clinical data of 102 AMI patients (AMI group) and 132 CHD patients (CHD) group, who were treated in our hospital from Apr 2013 to Apr 2014, were retrospectively studied, another 120 healthy subjects undergoing physical examination in our hospital during the same period were regarded as normal control group.AMI was diagnosed by myocardial perfusion tomography, all subjects received ECG examination, and incidence rates of fragmented QRS complex and pathological Q wave at different sites were recorded.Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of fragmented QRS complex and pathological Q wave diagnosing AMI were compared.Results: Incidence rate of fragmented QRS complex was highest on inferior wall in AMI group, and that of pathological Q wave was highest on anterior wall in AMI group.Except fragmented QRS complex in sidewall, compared with normal control group, there were significant rise in incidence rates of fragmented QRS complex on anterior wall (0.8% vs.22.5%, 13.6%) and inferior wall (6.7% vs.26.5%, 17.4%);pathological Q wave on anterior wall (0 vs.41.2%, 29.5%), inferior wall (0.8% vs.40.2%, 35.6%) and side wall (0 vs.2%, 2.3%) in AMI group and CHD group, P<0.01 all.Compared with pathological Q wave, there was significant rise in diagnosing sensitivity for AMI (40.00% vs.89.47%), for CHD (41.94% vs.91.50%) of fragmented QRS complex (P<0.01 both), but there were no significant difference in specificity and accuracy between them (P>0.05 all).Conclusion: Fragmented QRS complex can be used as an important auxiliary index diagnosing acute myocardial infarction.When combined with pathological Q wave, it can further improve diagnostic value of ECG for acute myocardial infarction.